Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries語言點知識梳理

1、Module 2 Develop ing and Developed Coun tries語言點學習目標重點單詞measure, figure, while, similarity, exchange, particular, position, crowded重點短語make efforts, up to, agree to, make sure, be connected with重點句型That/This is because be of 抽象名詞兩個（以上）賓語從句的引導詞 that知識講解重點單詞measure【原句回放】 What does the Human Developmen

2、t Index measure? 人類發(fā)展指數(shù)是測量什么的？【點撥】measure v.測量；評估；測定；n.尺寸；大??；度量單位；措施measure 表示“ （長、寬、高等 ）”時是系動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)；measure 作名詞，表示“措施”時是可數(shù)名詞，常用復數(shù)形式。In a society that tends to measure everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our decisions in financial terms.當前的社

3、會， 人們趨向于用錢來衡量所有的事情， 我們在很小的時候就知道， 應該考慮我們決定 的經(jīng)濟代價。In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way.從非常現(xiàn)實的意義上說， 光污染讓我們看不到真實的宇宙空間， 忘記我們?nèi)祟惖囊?guī)模，

4、 這最好地 以銀河深夜的規(guī)模來衡量。Measure the length and width of the gap.測量一下這條縫隙的長與寬。This hand-decorated plate measures 30cm across.這只手工繪制的盤子直徑為 30 厘米。make clothes to ones measure 為某人量體裁衣measure ones strength against/with sb. 與某人比強弱get/ take the measure of sb. 估量某人的品格in some/ any measure 有幾分，有一點in great/ large me

5、asure 很，大半，大部分beyond/above measure 非常地，極其；無可估量take measures 采取措施【拓展】 measured adj. 慎重考慮過的頁 1 第measurable adj. 可測量的；可衡量的figure【原句回放】 Complete the chart with figures from the passage. 用短文中的數(shù)字完成表格?！军c撥】 figure n. 數(shù)字；圖形；人物；身材； v. 計算；認為，以為I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years. 我不知道她這

6、些年怎么保持體形的。Walk out of our comfort zone and try new things! College is when we should focus on a specific major, but high school is when we have to figure it out.走出我們的安樂窩， 嘗試一些新的事物吧！ 大學是我們聚焦于特別特定的專業(yè)， 而高中是我們弄 明白這個特定的專業(yè)的時候。Your house may have an effect on your figure. 你的房子能影響你的身材。the latest sales figur

7、es 最新的銷售數(shù)字 a square figure 一個方形 a historical figure 一位歷史人物 keep ones figure 保持身材figure that. 認為figure out 想出，理解；弄明白，看透figure on 期待；指望His score is now well into double figures. 他的得分現(xiàn)在已達到兩位數(shù)了。I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive. 我認為他喝醉了，不應該讓他開車。Ask some open-end questions, whi

8、ch will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.問一些開放式的問題，這將使你弄清楚他希望達到什么意圖。National agricultural census figures show that the fastest -growing group of farmers is the part over65. 全國農(nóng)業(yè)普查數(shù)字顯示農(nóng)村人口增長速度最快的是 65 歲以上的農(nóng)民。while【原句回放】 Norway is at the top of the list, while the U.S. is

9、at number 7. 挪威高居榜首，而美國 則名列第七?！军c撥】 while 在此句中作并列連詞，意為“然而” ，表示一種對比關系。While the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. 盡管這些學生來自不同的國家，他們在夏令營里相處很好。With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume ，while other TV listenershear the television

10、 at a volume level thats comfortable for them. 有了無線耳機技術，你設置好耳機的音量，其它看電視的人可以以自己舒服的音量收看電視。And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task.頁 2 第如果你想提高做白日夢時的創(chuàng)造力，最好在你從事另一個任務時做白日夢。While I was slow to accept that

11、 I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one.盡管我慢慢接受了這個事實：我是那個跟蹤它（小貓）的足跡，跟獸醫(yī)約定時間，去喂它，清理 它的人， Misty 一開始就知道這一點。Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. 我的大部分同學都想去公園

12、而我有去一個更好的地方的想法。while n. 一會兒 Please wait for a while. 請等一會兒。while做從屬連詞，意為“在過程中”，“雖然但是” ；while做并列連詞，表示“而，然而”時強調(diào)前后對比性，用來引導句子。在作“然而”解時，while 不能放在句子前面。 while和but有所不同，while用于對比，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折；當主語是同一個時應用but，不用while表示轉(zhuǎn)折。Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?The region has plenty of na

13、tural resources while this one has none. 那個地區(qū)自然資源豐富，這個地區(qū)卻一點也沒有。similarity【原句回放】 Which word means the opposite of difference? .similarity.哪個單詞是“ difference（不同 ） 的反義詞？ similarity（ 相似 ）【點撥】 similarity n. 類似；相似What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thou

14、ght to have come from Hell.令它尤其嚇人的是它與一種植物曼德拉草相似，這種植物被認為來自地獄。similarity between. 之間的相似There were significant similarities between mother and son.母子之間有很多相像的地方。【拓展】 similar adj. 相似的；類似的 similarly adv. 同樣地；類似地 be similar to sb. /sth. 與相似 be similar in 在方面相似He is similar to me in age. 他和我年齡相仿。exchange【原句

15、回放】 There are visits and exchanges between schools, theatre groups and sports teams. 雙方的學校、戲劇團體和體育代表團隊之間進行互訪和交流。【點撥】 exchange v. & n. 交換；調(diào)換；兌換；交易 exchange A for B 以 A 換 B exchange sth. with sb. 與某人交換某物頁 3 第exchange a word/words with sb. 和某人交談 in exchange for 作為交換 the exchange rate 兌換率 make an exchan

16、ge 交換 an exchange of glance 互使眼色 exchange （angry） words 爭吵；爭論 He exchanged the plough for the sword. 他以犁換劍 （化干戈為玉帛 ）。Will you exchange seats with me?你愿意同我調(diào)換座位嗎？An exchange of opinions is helpful. 相互交換意見是有益的?！就卣埂?exchangeable adj. 可交 (更 )換的注意： change sb. /sth. for sb./sth. 與 exchange 含義接近，不可相混，是“替換或代

17、替某人/物”之意。 change sth. with sb. 指“兩個人交換位置” 。Im thinking of changing my car for a bigger one. 我正在考慮換輛大汽車。Can I change seats with you? 我可以和你換個座位嗎？ particular【原句回放】【點撥】 particular adj. 特別的；特殊的；個別的；挑剔的in particular 特別地be particular about (over) sth. 對很講究 /挑剔take particular care 特別照顧in that particular way

18、 以那種特殊的方式At that particular time, I had to turn to others for help. 在那個特殊時期，我不得不求助他人。I have nothing particular to do this evening. 今天晚上我沒有什么特殊的事要做。He is very particular about his food.他吃東西很挑剔?！就卣埂勘鎰e special, especial, particularspecial 指事物特有的性質(zhì)、性格或?qū)ｉT的目的、用途。 especial 強調(diào)重要性，有“優(yōu)越，好感”之意。particular 強調(diào)“特定

19、的，個別的” ，另外還有“講究的，挑剔的”的意思。particularity n. 特性particularly adv. 獨特地；顯著地；特別地頁 4 第position【原句回放】 The UK is in the thirteenth position ，while China is in the middle of the list. 英國排在第十三位，而中國排在中間位置?！军c撥】 position n. 位置；姿勢；職位；地位；處境； v. 安裝；安置in ones position/place 處在某人的處境 /地位put sb. in a difficult position 使

20、某人陷入困難的處境in/out of position/place 在 /不在適當?shù)奈恢胔old a position 擁有一個職位The chairs are all out of position/place.椅子全都放得不是地方。After being offered the position, I was completely astonished. 被提供這個職位后，我感到非常吃驚。What would you do in my position/place?你處在我的位置會怎樣做呢？You should include your company name and your posi

21、tion. 你應該把你的公司名稱以及你的職位包含在內(nèi)。crowded【原句回放】 Is Hong Kong less crowded than Beijing? 香港沒有北京那么擁擠嗎？ 【點撥】 crowded adj. 擁擠的be crowded with 擠滿The hall was crowded with people.大廳里擠滿了人。Soon we came to a crowded street. 很快我們就來到了一條擁擠的街道?！就卣埂縞rowd n.人群；群眾；v.擠滿，塞滿；使擁擠crowds of/a crowd of 許多crowd into 大批涌入follow th

22、e crowd 隨大流 in crowds 成群，大群地 Thousands of people crowded into the narrow streets. 成千上萬的人把狹窄的街道擠得水泄不通。重點短語make efforts【原句回放】 The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. 報告顯示我們一直在進步，但我們還需要付出更大的努力?！军c撥】 effort n. 努力，表示具體某一件事用可數(shù)名詞；表示努力的程度用作不可數(shù)名詞。make a good

23、 effort/ many efforts/ every effort to do sth. 盡一切努力做某事spare no effort 不遺余力頁 5 第without effort 容易地，不費力地 through ones effort 通過某人的努力 Finishing the work in one day is a great effort.一天干完這活是很了不起的事。I firmly believe that with our joint efforts, we can stop globe warming. 我堅信，在我們的共同努力下，我們一定能阻止全球變暖。up to【原

24、句回放】.make sure that all childre n have education up to the age of 11;確保所有的孩子到 11 歲時都能接受教育；【點撥】up to達到；直到；到為止；高達 （程度）；由決定；忙于be up to. 打算做 /正在做 （不好的事 ） ；勝任It is up to sb. to do sth 是某人的責任；應由某人做Its up to you. 由你做主。What are you up to ？你在忙什么？To then follow those high -energy rehearsals with a busy show s

25、chedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new meaning of the words “hard work”.為了配合每天達 5 場的緊湊的時間表以及高耗能的彩排，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了詞語“努力工作”的新含義。agree to【原句回放】 In the year 2019, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by2019 or earlier. 在 2019 年， 147 位世界領導人達成協(xié)議，爭取共同合作，到 2019 年甚至更早減 少貧困。

26、【點撥】 agree to 同意，贊同agree to do 同意做某事（ to 為不定式符號） agree to sth. 同意（提議、辦法等， to 為介詞） Were deeply honoured that you should agree to join us.想不到您會同意一起來，真是不勝榮幸。I agree to what you say. 你說的我同意?！就卣埂縜gree with sb./ones words同意的觀點，意見，同意某人所說話；與一致，（氣候、事物）適合某人We all agree with your words/what you said.我們都同意你的話。W

27、hat you did didnt agree with what you said.你的行為與你所說的話不一致。I agree with you. You should move back to the south for the climate here doesnt agree with you. 我贊同你的意見。你應該搬回到南方去，因為這兒的氣候不適合你。注意：I could nt agree more. ”（=1 completely agree.） 用于口語中 , 表示 完全同意” 。頁 6 第agree 只能用于表示“主語同意自己去做某事” ，而要表示“同意別人去做某事”要用 a

28、llow/ permit sb. to do/let sb. do （ 即“允許某人做某事” ） 。make sure【原句回放】 The most important goals are to: reduce poverty and hunger; make sure that allchildren have education up to the age of 11; . 最重要的目標是：減少貧困和饑餓；確保達到 11 歲 的孩子都能受教育；【點撥】 make sure 把事情弄清楚，核實或查明某事物；設法確保出現(xiàn)某事物；務使Make sure to turn off the light

29、 before you leave. 臨走前一定要熄燈。Make sure they have safe drinking water.確保他們有安全的飲水。make sure that/of 弄明白，保證做到I only came to make sure that everything was all right. 我只是來弄清楚是否一切都沒問題。Have you made sure of the time? 你弄清楚時間了嗎？be connected with【原句回放】 Which word is connected with building? 哪個詞和建筑有關？【點撥】be con

30、n ected with與有聯(lián)系；與有關be connected to 與相連 He was connected with the crime.他與那起犯罪與關。These termi nals are conn ected to our main frame computer.這些終端設備都與我們的計算機主機相連接。聯(lián)結到把 連接 connect sth. to/ with sth.conn ect sb. with sth.把某人與某事聯(lián)系在一起Conn ect the speakers to the record player and plug it in.將揚聲器連接在唱機上，再插上插

31、頭。【拓展】conn ection n.關系；關聯(lián)in connection with 關于，與有關無關有與表示“與有關”的相關表達：have someth ing to do with 與有關系be related to 與有關系be involved in 與有牽連be associated with 與有關聯(lián)Her dilige nee must have someth ing to do with her success.她的勤勉和她的成功一定有某種關系。頁7第We only discuss what is related to us.我們只討論與我們有關的問題。The reporte

32、r wants to know whether the official is involved in the case.這個記者想知道那位官員是否涉及此案。重點句型That/This is because 【原句 回放】 This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their lan guage, and as a result you improve fast. 這是因為和外國家庭成員生活一兩周 意味著你必須說他們的語言，這樣你會進步很快。【點撥

33、】在本句中because引導的從句作表語。where, why, because, how等引導的從句在 Thisis/That is的句型中作表語，表示具體的地點、原因、方式等。This is why we did nt come to the meeti ng.這就是我們沒有到會的原因。That is where you have made a mistake.那就是你的錯誤之處。Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work.湯姆今天早晨睡過頭了，那是他上班遲到的原因。Tom was late for work t

34、his morning. That is because he overslept.湯姆今天早晨上班遲到了，那是因為他睡過頭了。be of +抽象名詞【原句回放】 Its an agreeme nt betwee n tow ns or cities of similar size and age, an d.它是有著相似的面積和年代的城鎮(zhèn)之間的一份協(xié)定，而且【點撥】1. be of +抽象名詞二be+該名詞相對應的形容詞，這個結構可用來描述人或事物的特征，在句中作表語或定語。be of (great) value/importa nce/use/help/i nterest =be (very) valuable/ importa nt/ useful/ helpful/in teresti ngThis dicti onary is of great use to lear ners of En glish.=This dictio nary is very usef