介詞加關(guān)系代詞定語從句.doc

1、“介詞 ?+?關(guān)系代詞 ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”型定語從句五大考點(diǎn)“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是英語語法中的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn), 近年來高考對(duì)這一語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查大有升溫之勢。在介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞只有which 和 whom。如先行詞是物，引導(dǎo)詞用which ；如先行詞是人，則引導(dǎo)詞用 whom。如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.This is the student for whom I bought the book.考點(diǎn) 1 簡單介詞 +關(guān)系代詞知識(shí)歸納： 用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只能用whom, 指物時(shí)只能用 w

2、hich ；介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的 動(dòng)詞、形容詞、 名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定；或者 以先行詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定；或者 以先行詞在定語從句中的作用和含義而定，并且含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞不能拆開，介詞仍然放在動(dòng)詞之后。（1）根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞確定介詞，其動(dòng)詞或介詞搭配，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語。例如：Is this the carfor whichyou paid a high price (pay for)In the dark street, there wasn t a single personto whom she could turn for help.(turn t

3、o sb for help)The man withwhomyou shook hands just now isourEnglish teacher.(shakehands withsb)（2）根據(jù)定語從句中的形容詞確定介詞，其形容詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成形容詞短語。例如：The two thingsabout whichKarl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of theidioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whomthe studentsin our classare fondisMr Wang,

4、ourEnglish teacher.(be fond of)（3）根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的先行詞確定介詞，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方法、工具等的詞，它們與介詞之間有一定的聯(lián)系。當(dāng)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語時(shí)，可分別用when, where, why替換。例如：I ”ll never forget the dayon which (=when) I joined the army.The factoryin which (=where) his father works is far away from my hometown.I don ”t know t

5、he reason for which (=why) he was late.（ 4）根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞不是由固定的動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成的，這時(shí)，要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思，選用不同的介詞。例如：This is the pilotThis is the pilotThis is the pilotfor whomI bought a camera.with whommy brother has worked for ten years.by whom my son was saved.1. (2004 全國卷 ) The journeyaround th

6、e world took the old sailornine months,_the sailing time was 226 days.A. of whichB. during whichC. from whichD. for which解析：關(guān)系代詞which 指代 the journey,定語從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立的句子是：The sailingtimeof the journey was 226 days.故答案選A。2. (2004 全國卷 ) The Englishplay_ my studentsacted at the New Yearspartywas a great succes

7、s.A. for which B. at whichC. in whichD. on which解析：本句主句部分應(yīng)是The Englishplay at the NewYears partywas a great success.從句補(bǔ)全為獨(dú)立的句子是 :My students acted in the play.故答案選 C。3. (2004 上海卷 ) American womenusually identify theirbest friendas someone _they can talk frequently.A. who B. asC. about whichD. with w

8、hom解析：先行詞為someone,被關(guān)系代詞 whom代替在從句中作talk with的賓語，介詞 with可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前， identify.as.意為“把 當(dāng)作 ” ，故答案選 D?？键c(diǎn) 2 復(fù)雜介詞 +關(guān)系代詞知識(shí)歸納： 用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which, whom, whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜介詞有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of,in case of, on account of等。例如：We got to a house at the ba

9、ck of which was a large garden.Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided考點(diǎn) 3 簡單介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 +名詞知識(shí)歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose 。介詞的選擇取決于關(guān)系代詞后的名詞及整個(gè)句子的含義。高考考例：(1995 上海 ) In the office,I neverseem to have time until after5:30 . _ timemany people have gone home.A. whose B. thatC. on

10、whichD. by which解析：介詞 by 表示時(shí)間的意思是“到那時(shí)為止” 。這句話的意思是“在辦公室里，我似乎直到下午 5：30 才有空，那時(shí)許多人都已經(jīng)回家了” 。故答案選 D?？键c(diǎn) 4 the+名詞 +of+ 關(guān)系代詞知識(shí)歸納： 用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有which 。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系 ,口語中常用 “ whose +名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“of which the +名詞”。 高考考例：(2000 上海 )Recently Ibought an ancient Chinesevase, _ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the

11、price of whichC. its priceD. the price ofwhose解析：答案選 B。本題就是一個(gè)考查the+名詞 +of+ 關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)典型例子。這里 theprice of which指代 the price of the vase,答案也可以是 whose price ?？键c(diǎn) 5 表示部分的詞語of 關(guān)系代詞知識(shí)歸納： 此時(shí)，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom, 指物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which 。表示部分的詞語常見的有：不定代詞all, both, none, neither, either, some, any,數(shù)詞 ( 含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)) ；數(shù)詞

12、 +名詞； the+ 最高級(jí) / 比較級(jí)，以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語 many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。高考考例：1. (2004 湖北卷 ) There are two buildings,_ stands nearlya hundredfeet high.A. the largerB. the larger of them C. the larger one thatD. the largerof which解析：答案為D。 the larger of which指代 the larger of the two build

13、ings; B選項(xiàng)缺少一個(gè)連詞。2. (2004 遼寧卷 )The factoryproduceshalfa millionpairsof shoes everyyear,80%_ are sold abroad.A. of whichB. which ofC. of themD. of that解析：答案為A。80% of which指代的是產(chǎn)的 50 萬雙鞋子有80%都是銷往國外的。80% of the shoes。本題意為：這家工廠每年生“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句常見錯(cuò)誤我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)定語從句時(shí) , 常常會(huì)看到 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 , 即把從句中的某一介詞或介詞短語提到關(guān)系

14、代詞前 . 使用這類定語從句時(shí) , 常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)五類錯(cuò)誤 . 現(xiàn)在歸納如下：一、關(guān)系詞的誤用1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom)2. I lost the book in that there are five color pictures. (which)3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (which)4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years

15、ago. (which)簡析 : 當(dāng)介詞位于從句的句首時(shí), 介詞后一般用關(guān)系代詞whom(指人 , 如 1 不可為 who 所代替 ) 或 which( 指物 , 如 2. 先行詞即使為表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞, 介詞后也不能用when 或where, 如 3 和 4). 不過 , 注意介詞from 有時(shí)根據(jù)句意的需要, 也可以接where. 如 :He hid himselfbehind the door,from where he saw the mantake a photo of somethingon the desk.他躲在門后面behind the door從門后面, 從那里他看見那

16、個(gè)人拍攝了桌子上的什么東西一下, 并非指 from the door從門 ).(指from二、拆開從句中極固定的動(dòng)詞搭配5. He was theboy afterwhomthewomanhad lookedformany years.(whom thewomanhad looked after for many years)簡析 : 若將定語從句中搭配極為固定的短語中的介詞提前 , 其中的短語可能會(huì)失去它們本身的意義或可能使句子產(chǎn)生歧義 , 如 look after, look for, depend on, go in for (迷戀) 等短語 .三、介詞與定語從句所修飾的先行詞搭配不當(dāng)6

17、. The farm in which we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be. (on)7. She wanted to findthe way withwhich she could make everyone livemore happily.(in)簡析 :6. onthe farm為習(xí)慣搭配, 表示 在農(nóng)場 ;7. in與 way 搭配 , 表示 用 辦法,以 方式 .四、介詞與定語從句中的謂語部分搭配不當(dāng)8. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person from whom s

18、he could turn for help. (to)9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to)10. Can you find an object with which your toy is similar (to)簡析 :8.turnto sb. forhelp 表示 向某人求助 ;9.tie與 to 連用 , 表示 拴 / 系到 上;10. similar與 to 搭配 , 表示 與 相似 .五、介詞與句子的具體含義搭配不當(dāng)11. I cant remember the age in which I won that pr

19、ize. (at)12. That is the age at which people live in peace and happy. (in)簡析 : 根據(jù)全句意義,11 中的 age 作 年歲 解 , 應(yīng)與 at 搭配 ;12 中的 age 表示 時(shí)期 , 時(shí)代, 應(yīng)與 in 搭配 .練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”填空。1. We have many labs, the largest _ was built last year.2. The strange force is gravity _ the earth pulls all bodies.3. The Englishpla

20、y_ my studentsacted at the NewYear ”s partywas a greatsuccess.4. He offered us a lot of money _ we couldn” t buy these machines.5. Now we have very powerful telescopes _ we can study the skies.1. I don t think the number of people _ this happens is very large.A. whomB. to whomC. on whomD. which2.The

21、 school has 3,000 students, _ 1,800 are men.A. whoseB. of whomC. thatD. of which3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose4.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. who B. about whomC. w

22、homD. with whom5.She wrote a lot of stories for children, _ this is one example.A. in whichB. of whichC. among themD. of them6.He offered us a lot of money _ we couldn t buy these machines.A. without whichB. with thatC. with whichD. without that7.Mary, _ for help, has gone to England.A. who I can go

23、 toB. whom I can goC. to whom I can goD. I can go to8.Now we have very powerful telescopes _ we can study the skies.A. in whichB. with whichC. through whichD. by which9.The man _ she was married was a soldier.A. whomB. to whomC. with whomD. who10. Tom, _ I went to the concert, is a friend of mine.A.

24、 whomB. whoC. with whomD. whose1.Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _ is a hospital.A. in whereB. to the east of which C. to the east of it D. in the east ofthat2.My brothers purse, _ he put￥ 1,000, was missing on the bus.A. thereB. whichC. in whichD. that3.The football match _ the stude

25、nts competed yesterday was very wonderful.A. in which B. which C. in that D. that4. The reason _ he was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour.A. which B. in which C. for which D. of which5. His glasses, _ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B

26、. without which C. with which D. without those6.The computer, _ he paid￥ 3,000, was once owned by his uncle.A. which B. for which C. that D. to that7.In the past we lost many chances, _ we paid little attention.A. whichB. thatC. in whichD. to which8. The pen, _ I had been writing for ten years, was

27、broken.A. with whichB. with thatC. asD. with it9. Mary has two brothers, _ are doctors.A. both of theyB. both of whomC. both of themD. whom of both10. The problem _ you argued about yesterday has been solved.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. for which11. My aunt bought me a book, the name _ I have forgotten.A. of itB. whichC. whoseD. of which12. On the way home I met my friend John, from _ home the