初級很好虛擬語氣講解及高考真題再現(xiàn)

1、虛擬語氣的基本作用是：1. 表達假設(shè)的情況，與事實相反；2. 表達異想天開很難實現(xiàn)的愿望；3. 表達建議、命令、勸告等語氣。本節(jié)重在講解if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句， 含蓄條件句，特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣，以及should+動詞原形的用法。 一、虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法虛擬(條件)語氣中，主句與從句中謂語動詞的形式可分為下面三類：假設(shè)類型條件從句謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反If+動詞的過去式(be用were而不用was)would(第一人稱可用should)+動詞原形與過去事實相反If+had+-ed分詞would(第一人稱可用should)+have+-ed分詞與將來事實可能相反If+we

2、re to+動詞原形或If+should+動詞原形would(第一人稱可用should)+動詞原形下面我們列舉近年的真題來強化記憶。例(1)Mary said to me, Had I seen your bag, I _ it to you.A. will returnB. must returnC. could returnD. would have returned(【答案】D)(2004年4月45題)例(2)I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know

3、(【答案】C)(1995年38題)例(3)If Bob_ with us; he would have had a good time.A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. came(【答案】C)(1995年59題)二、省略if的虛擬形式在虛擬條件句中，如謂語包含were，had，should等詞，則可以把這些詞放到主語前面，省略if。例(1)_ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A. If he to

4、okB. If he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken (【答案】D)(2004年4月32題)例(2)_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to usB. If they come to usC. Were they come to usD. Had they come to us(【答案】A)(1997年30題)例(3)_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A. If I re

5、alizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized(【答案】B)(1996年39題)三、含蓄條件句有時一個假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用with，without，but for。例(1)Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth _ well. A. would not growB. will not grow C. had not grownD. would not be grown (【答案】A)(2004年11月

6、32題)例(2)But for my classmates help, I _ the work in time.A. did not finishB. could not finishC. will not finishD. would not have finished (【答案】D)(2004年4月36題)例(3)But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should haveB. would have hadC. would haveD. will have had(【答案】B)(2003年4月28題)四、特殊詞或結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣： 以wish(

7、that)引導(dǎo)的表示“愿望”的賓語從句wish后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，而在虛擬語氣中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用類似在非真實條件中從句時態(tài)的應(yīng)用。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿茫褐髡Zwish 從句(主語過去時)；表示一個過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望用：主語wish +從句(主語過去完成時)；例(1)I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. wereB. would beC. had beenD. will be(【答案】C)(2001年53題)例(2)Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he

8、was in college.A. could studyB. studiedC. had studiedD. would study(【答案】C)(2000年53題) if only +句子(過去時/過去完成時)“要是就好了”If only 后面的句子如果是對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬，用過去時did ；如果是對過去情況的虛擬，用過去完成時had done . 要注意與if 區(qū)別，if 只表示假設(shè)，“如果”，用真實語氣；而if only 表示不可能實現(xiàn)的情況，用虛擬語氣。例如：If only the alarm clock had rung. 當(dāng)時鬧鐘響就好了。(對過去虛擬)If only I w

9、ere rich. 要是我富有就好了。(對現(xiàn)在虛擬) would rather句子(過去時)表示寧愿、寧可的意愿，語氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)。后接過去式。例(1)I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. comeB. would comeC. came D. have come(【答案】C)(2002年46題)例(2)Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. rather B. better C. happierD. further(【答

10、案】A)(1998年45題) it is time(that)，it is high time (that)句型中，謂語動詞用過去時，表示早該做而未做的事，意思是該了、早該了.例(1)Lets finish our homework in a few seconds; its time we _.A. played footballB. will play footballC. play footballD. are playing football(【答案】A)(2004年11月43題)例(2)Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give u

11、pB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up(【答案】B)(1999年31題) 以as if，as though引導(dǎo)的從句在as if，as though引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果談?wù)摰氖遣豢赡芑虿徽鎸嵉那闆r時，它們所引用的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣，動詞形式和wish后面的從句動詞形式變化相同。例：He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have known(【答案】B。本句表示說話人對現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，所以用過去時。)五、should+動詞

12、原形及should的省略(1)、一些表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞本身隱含說話者主觀的意見。因此這些動詞(或其變形，如名詞，形容詞，分詞等)后面的從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，即“should do”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的“should”常被省略。如：表“提議、建議”的動詞：suggest ,advise, propose, recommend, move(提議);表“要求、主張”的動詞：insist, require, request, demand , desire ;表“命令”的動詞：order, command. 例(1)I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the

13、 job since he has no experience.A. be assigned B. is assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned(【答案】A)(2006年11月29題)例(2)His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. putting on(【答案】A)(1999年58題)此處省略了should.例(3)The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operati

14、on right away so as to save his life.A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have(【答案】C)(1998年28題)此處省略了should.(2)、It is necessary/important/essential/ vital/urgent / surprising/ amazing that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，從句的謂語動詞要用should+原形動詞，should也可以省略。此類形容詞的特點是表示重要性或吃驚。例(1)it is vital that enough money_collected t

15、o get the project started. A. is B. be C must be D can be (【答案】B)(2004年11月24題)例(2)Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A. will be arrangedB. must be arrangedC. be arrangedD. would be arranged(【答案】C)(2003年4月45題)(3)、以in case, lest, for fear that引起的狀語從句，表示“以防，以免”。其形式為should+動詞原

16、形。如：He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他把雨衣帶在身上以防下雨。虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法。條件從句有兩類，一是真實條件句，另一是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實條件句，這種情況下謂語用陳述語氣。如：If time permits, well go fishing together.如果時間允許，我們就一起去釣魚。如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.

17、如果你昨天來，你就會見到那位著名的教授了。（隱含的事實是：你昨天沒來，也沒見到那位著名教授）。在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣，現(xiàn)將其形式列表如下：動詞形式 時間從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式(be的過去式用were)would(could/should/might)+動詞原形與過去事實相反had+動詞過去分詞would(could/should/might)+have過去分詞與將來事實可能相反動詞過去式should+動詞原形were to+動詞原形would(could/should/might)+動詞原形注：主句中的should只用于第一人稱，但在美國英語中，sho

18、uld常被would代替；從句中的should可用于各種人稱。1表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如：If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你，我就會告訴他真相了。（事實上我不是你）If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有時間，她就會幫我了。（事實上她沒有時間）2 表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如：If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could

19、, might)have telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的電話號碼，我就會給你打電話了。（事實上我昨天不知道你的電話號碼。）If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt(couldnt) have failed in the exam.如果你聽了我的建議，你就不會考試不及格。（事實上你根本沒聽我的。3 表示與將來事實可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如：If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨，莊稼可能就收獲了。-What would happen if I put th

20、e paper on the fire?-It would burn.-我若把只放在火上會怎么樣？-紙會燒著。注：在表示與將來事實可能相反的條件從句中，were to + 動詞原形比較正式，常用于書面語中。如：If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.三虛擬語氣的其它用法。1 虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法。 在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that”這類句型中，that所引導(dǎo)的主語從

21、句中的謂語動詞常用 “(should)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意義。如：It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. 重要的是每個北京人能說英語。It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 有必要馬上把他送醫(yī)院。2 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法。 （1）在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。 a.表示對現(xiàn)在情況的

22、虛擬：從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be的過去式用were )表示。如： I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道這個問題的答案。（可惜不知道。） I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。（只是愿望，實際根本不可能實現(xiàn)。） b.表示對過去情況的虛擬：從句動詞用 had+過去分詞。如：I wish (that) I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不該浪費這么多時間。（實際上已經(jīng)浪費掉了。He wishes (wishe

23、d) he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望沒有失去機會。（事實上機會已經(jīng)失去了，他感到惋惜。）c.表示對將來的主觀愿望：謂語動詞形式為 “would/should/could/might+動詞原形”，此時要注意，主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同，因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿（非動作名詞除外）。如： I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。 I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安靜一些。（2）在suggest（建議）, demand(要求), order(命令), propose(

24、建議), insist（堅持要做）, command(命令), request(要求), desire(希望)等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用 “(should)+動詞原形”，表示建議，要求，命令等。如： I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.我建議馬上開會。 The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.這位即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生堅持要到南方去工作。 注： 當(dāng)suggest表示暗示，主語為something；insist表示堅持觀點時，后接的賓

25、語從句當(dāng)用真實語氣。比較： His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示著他贊成我的決定。 He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建議我堅持自己的決定。 He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health. 他堅持認(rèn)為做早操對健康有益。 He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他堅持他每天都要早操

26、3 虛擬語氣在表語從句中的用法。 當(dāng)主語為advice, suggestion, order, proposal等詞時后接表語從句，表語從句中的謂語動詞常用“(should)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某人建議、勸告、命令等的內(nèi)容。如： My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說英語。 The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately

27、.司令官的命令是部隊立即開拔去前線。4特殊的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。（1）虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中 由as if 或as ，though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時，從句中的謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。動詞形式用動詞的過去式(bewere)或had+過去分詞。如： The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child.這位老師帶這位學(xué)生就象她的親生孩子一樣。 He speaks as if he had been to the United States.他說得好象他真的到過美國似的。 （2）在It is time (that) ; Id rath

28、er (that)句型中從句的謂語動詞常用動詞的過去式表示虛擬語氣，意思是“該干某事了，時間已經(jīng)有些晚了”“我寧愿/希望”。如： It is time that we did something to stop pollution.該我們做些什么制止污染的時候了。 It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten.該父親去幼兒園接莉莉的時候了。 Id rather you told me the truth.我真希望你告訴我真相。 Id rather I didnt see you again.我寧愿不再見著你。（3）虛擬語

29、氣用在簡單句中 a 情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣，常用于日常會話中。如： Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?請你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎？ It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好別熬夜到很晚。 b在一些習(xí)慣表達中。如： Youd better set off now.你最好現(xiàn)在就出發(fā)。 Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告訴你這個秘密。c用 “may

30、+動詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。如： May good luck be yours!祝你好運！ May you be happy!祝你快樂！ May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ 用動詞原形。例如： Long live the people! 人民萬歲！ “God bless you,” said the priest.牧師說：“愿上帝保佑你！” 5虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的用法 在名詞advice, suggestion, order, proposal等后接的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，起形式為 “(should)+動詞

31、原形”，說明“建議”，“勸告”，“命令”等的具體內(nèi)容。如： The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time.提前兩天完成工作的命令傳來了。 Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on.她勉強接受了他們要她去接受手術(shù)的建議。 （一） 主從句時間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣(混合條件句)（二） 有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果與主句中的動作，發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。如： If you

32、 had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你當(dāng)時聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。） If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。） If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still l

33、iving in the dangerous house now.假若你不借錢給我， 我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。） （二）含蓄條件句 非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況； 1. 條件暗含在短語中。如： (1)W hat would I have done without you? 如沒有你，我會怎么辦呢？(條件暗含在分詞短語without you中) (2) It would be easier to do it this way. 這樣做會比較容易。(條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way中) (3) This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同樣的事，如發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時，就會釀成大禍。(條件暗含在分詞短語happening in wartime中) (4) But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助，我們的實驗是不會成功。 (暗含條件是but for you