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1、中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)連詞第六章 連詞二、考點(diǎn)跟蹤解讀 1對(duì)連接同等的詞、詞組或分句的and, but, or, for, neithernor, eitheror, bothand, not onlybut also等并列連詞的考查。2對(duì)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或狀語(yǔ)從句的when, if, that, because, until, although等從屬連詞基本用法的考查。 3幾組容易混淆的連詞或詞組。三、要點(diǎn)精講全解連詞是一種虛詞,用于連接單詞、短語(yǔ)、從句或句子,在句子中不單獨(dú)用作句子成分。連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用于連接并列的單詞、短語(yǔ)、從句或句子,如and, but, or,

2、 for等;從屬連詞主要引出名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句等)和狀語(yǔ)從句(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句等),引出名詞性從句的連詞如that, whether等,引出狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞如when, because, since, if 等。(一)并列連詞1. 表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類(lèi)連詞主要有 and , or , bothand, eitheror , neithernor , not onlybut also等。 (1)and and 用來(lái)連接語(yǔ)法作用相同的部分,即名詞與名詞、不定式與不定式等。祈使句and簡(jiǎn)單句,這種結(jié)構(gòu)祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if 條件從句,而且and 后面

3、通常表示肯定的結(jié)果;祈使句or簡(jiǎn)單句, or 后面表示否定的意義。如: work hard, and youll pass the exam.if you work hard, youll pass the exam.努力學(xué)習(xí),你將考試及格的。hurry up, or youll be late. =if you dont hurry up, youll be late. 快點(diǎn),否則你將遲到的。(2)or or 有兩個(gè)詞義,可當(dāng)“還是”,還可以當(dāng)“否則”將。which do you prefer, yellow, blue or red? 你喜歡哪一種,黃的、藍(lán)的還是紅的?be careful

4、, or youll hurt yourself. 小心點(diǎn),否則傷著自己。 (3)both.and bothand 既又,可以連接并列的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。當(dāng)連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),要把bothand變?yōu)閚eithernorboth tom and jerry are going to the cinema. tom和jerry兩人都想去看電影。(4)either or,neithernor,not onlybut also either or 或者或者neithernor 既不,也不not onlybut also 不但而且。這三個(gè)并列連詞,如果連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)

5、動(dòng)詞要遵循就近原則。即和靠近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:either mary or her parents are going by bus. mary 或她父母親中,有人坐車(chē)去。neither the students nor the teacher was hurt in the accident. 學(xué)生和老師在這次事故中都沒(méi)有受傷。not only he but also his parents are very kind to me. 不僅他而且他的父母對(duì)我都很客氣。2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類(lèi)連詞主要有 but, yet, while等。(1)but “但是”,連接句子表

6、示轉(zhuǎn)折。不能與though/although連用。he tried hard, but he was unsuccessful.他盡了力,但未成功。someone borrowed my pen, but i dont remember who. 有人借我的筆,但我不記得是誰(shuí)了。(2)yet“然而、可是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞。如:he lied to me, yet i still believe him. 他對(duì)我撒謊,然而我還是相信他。he studied hard yet he failed. 他學(xué)習(xí)努力,可是考試仍未及格。(3)while“然而”,用來(lái)連接前后結(jié)構(gòu)相同但意思相反的句子。如

7、:i like to play computer games while my brother doesnt.我喜歡打電子游戲,然而我的哥哥不喜歡。3.表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類(lèi)連詞主要有 for, so 等。如:(1)for 在表示“因?yàn)椤钡臅r(shí)候,for 不可以放在句首,而且之前必須由逗號(hào)。如:they must be good friends, for they are always together.他們一定是好朋友,因?yàn)樗麄兛偸窃谝黄?。the day breaks, for the birds are singing. 天亮了,因?yàn)轼B(niǎo)兒開(kāi)始唱歌了。(2)so“所以”,不能與becau

8、se 連用。在英語(yǔ)中用了because 就不能用so; 用了so,也不能用because。the child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 這孩子咳嗽得厲害,所以他媽媽帶他去看病。(二)從屬連詞的用法1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的 after, before, when, while, until, till, since, as soon as 等。 (1) 由when, after, before, as soon as, till, until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,一般主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致,但是當(dāng)主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句應(yīng)該

9、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。i will tell you after they leave. 于他們走后我再告訴你。ill telephone you as soon as i get there. 我一到達(dá)那里就打電話(huà)給你。when i went into the classroom, he was reading. 當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室時(shí),他正在看書(shū)。i waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回來(lái)。he read a newspaper as he went along. 他邊走邊看報(bào)紙。dont get off the bus until it stops. 等

10、車(chē)停穩(wěn)后才下車(chē)。(2)與since 從句搭配的主句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。he has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以來(lái),他就一直住在這兒。where have you been since i last saw you? 自我上次見(jiàn)到你之后你到哪里去了?(3) while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的,并且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或者相互對(duì)應(yīng)。如:it began to rain while i was watching tv. 當(dāng)我看電視的時(shí)候,天開(kāi)始下雨。while my wife was reading the newspaper, i

11、was watching tv.我妻子看報(bào)紙的時(shí)候,我在看電視。2. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的 if, unless 等。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有if, unless (=ifnot如果不,除非), 條件狀語(yǔ)從句也遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”。do you mind if i open the window? 我開(kāi)窗你不介意吧?i will go there tomorrow unless it rains.(=if it doesnt rain)除非下雨,否則我明天要去那兒。3. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的 because, as, since 等。because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之后, becaus

12、e表示直接原因, 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng), 最適合回答 why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。如: i do it because i like it. 我做這件事是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g。since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”), 較為正式, 語(yǔ)氣比because弱。如: since you are free ,youd better help me with my math. 既然你有空,最好幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示附帶說(shuō)明的“雙方已知的原因”, 語(yǔ)氣比since弱, 較為正式, 位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。如: as it is raining, youd

13、better take a taxi. 既然在下雨, 你最好乘出租汽車(chē)。4. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的 so thatso that,“為了, 以便”,引導(dǎo)一目的狀語(yǔ)從句,變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句時(shí),借助in order to. 如:i left at 6:00 so that i could catch the train. i left at 6:00 in order to catch the train.為了趕上火車(chē),我六點(diǎn)就出門(mén)了。5. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的 though, although, even if 等(1)though, although當(dāng)有though, although時(shí),后面的從句不能有

14、but,但是 though 和yet可連用。如:although its raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨,他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫?。he is very old, but he still works very hard.雖然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。(2)ever if, even though.即使well make a trip even though the weather is bad.即使天氣不好,我們將旅行。(3)“no matter +疑問(wèn)詞” 或“疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever”no matter what happens,

15、 please let me know無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事,請(qǐng)讓我知道。6.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的 so that, so that, such that 等。表示“如此以致”有so. that.和such. that.。其中的such 是形容詞, 修飾名詞; so 是副詞, 修飾形容詞或副詞, 具體的搭配形式是: (1) soadj./adv.that, soadj.(a/an)n.that; (2)such(a/an)(adj.)n.thathe speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他說(shuō)話(huà)太快, 無(wú)人聽(tīng)得明白。it is such nice weath

16、er that i would like to go to the beach. 天氣如此之好, 我想去海灘。7. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的 than, as as 等。she sings worse than she did before. 她比過(guò)去唱得糟。 the work isnt as easy as i thought.這項(xiàng)工作比我想象得難。8. 引導(dǎo)名詞從句的 that, if , whether 等。它們用于引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。其中that沒(méi)有詞義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,在句子中只起連接作用;而 if, whether 雖不充當(dāng)句子成分,但有詞義,即表示“是否”。如

17、:he replied that he was going by train. 他回答說(shuō)他將坐火車(chē)去。i wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否夠大。i worry about whether i hurt her feelings. 我為是否傷了她的感情而擔(dān)心。四、思維誤區(qū)警示(一) 并列連詞【例題解析】1. (煙臺(tái))both the father and the son have seen the film.(改為否定句)_ the father _ the son _ seen the film.答案:neither, nor, has?!癰oth.and

18、”的否定形式為“neither.nor”,又因“neither.nor”連接的是主語(yǔ)成份,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于nor后的主語(yǔ)。2. (浙江) please take the medicine three times a day, _ it wont work well. a. and b. but c. or d. so答案:c。這四個(gè)單詞都是連詞, but表示轉(zhuǎn)折;so有因此之意。and和or 都可以用于祈使句,用and,整個(gè)句子相當(dāng)于if you, youll; 用or相當(dāng)于if you dont, youll。3. (寧波)i hear a new film is on these days.

19、 shall we go to the cinema together, lucy and lily?_lily_ i will go with you because one of us must be at home to help our father in the garden. a. either, nor b. either, or c. neither, nor d. both, and答案:b。選項(xiàng)a不是一個(gè)固定搭配,c表示“既不也不”,選項(xiàng)d表示“和都”,不符合句子的意思,b項(xiàng)則是一個(gè)選擇的連詞。(二)從屬連詞1. (南通)hurry up, jack. we have to get to the

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