虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法歸納(推薦文檔

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （the subjunctive mood） 用法歸納第一部分：語(yǔ)氣的定義和種類(lèi)1、語(yǔ)氣 （mood） 語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。2、語(yǔ)氣的種類(lèi) 陳述語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問(wèn)句和 某些感嘆句。如： There are two sides to every question. 每個(gè)問(wèn)題都有兩個(gè)方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙嗎？ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老師??！ 祈使語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。如：

2、 Never be late again! 再也不要遲到了。 Dontforget to turn off the light. 別忘了關(guān)燈。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推 測(cè)等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. I wish I could pass the examination. May you succeed! 祝您成功！第二部分：一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)， 常用于日常會(huì)話中。如： Would you be kind enough to show me the way to

3、the post office? 請(qǐng)你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎？ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好別熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。常用“ may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。如:May good luck be yours! 祝你好運(yùn)！ May you be happy! 祝你快樂(lè)！ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。May the friendship between us last l

4、ong. 祝愿我們的友情天長(zhǎng)地久。May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 注意】本句型屬于部分倒裝句型，主語(yǔ)后用動(dòng)詞原形。用動(dòng)詞原形。如:Long live the people! 人民萬(wàn)歲！ “ God bless you, sa” id the priest. 牧師說(shuō):“愿上帝保佑你！ ”Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！該類(lèi)型虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)僅用動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)也不加如果我是一只小鳥(niǎo)，我就能在空中飛行。我希望我能通過(guò)考試。簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的謙虛、 客氣、有禮貌、 或委婉的語(yǔ)氣，1、 2、 三、表示強(qiáng)烈愿望。 God save me. Heav

5、en help us.四、表命令。1.命令虛擬語(yǔ)氣只能用在第二人稱(chēng)（you），而且通常省略主語(yǔ)（也就是you）。s)”- 5 -2. 句子尾通常加上感嘆號(hào)。3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（Si mp le Present）,如：work, be , go。4. 否定形式的命令語(yǔ)氣，可用助動(dòng)詞do加上not。（1）Work !（2）Work harder !Be more alert !（虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞 Be）（4） You go out !Do not work so hard. （do n ot 表示否定的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ） Dont be afraid. （ 口語(yǔ)中常用 dont 代替 do n

6、ot）五、在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中。如：（1） You d better set off now.你最好現(xiàn)在就出發(fā)。I d rather not tell you the secret我情愿不告訴你這個(gè)秘密。第三部分：復(fù)合句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣、虛擬條件句的三種基本類(lèi)型:與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反、與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反。條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)（虛擬）條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是有可能發(fā)生 的，而非真實(shí)條件句則通常表示一種假想，與事實(shí)相反或不大可能會(huì)發(fā)生。如：If I have time, I will go with them.假若我有時(shí)間，我就同他們?nèi)ァf I were you, I would

7、 go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他們?nèi)?。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式謂語(yǔ)用should （would, could, might）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：If I knew her number, I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼，（可惜我不知道）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：若與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)用should （would, could, might）+have+ 過(guò)去分詞”。如：If I d left sooner d have been on time要是我早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，我就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：若

8、與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式謂語(yǔ)用should （would, could, might）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：If I asked him, I m sure he d he如果我向他提出要求，肯定他會(huì)幫助我們。（不過(guò)我不打算這樣做）總結(jié)：1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的解題方法是：回歸法。即將主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)回歸到非虛擬語(yǔ)氣的狀態(tài)，然后再用“時(shí)態(tài)向前推”的方法將主從句改變?yōu)樘摂M語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)?！咀⒁狻垮e(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句也用這種方法解題。2. 虛擬條件句：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：（陳述語(yǔ)氣）（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）（be通常用were），主句我就可以給她打電話了。（had+過(guò)去分詞）,（但我動(dòng)身太遲了）（b

9、e通常用were），主句從句過(guò)去時(shí)，主句should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形；從句過(guò)去時(shí)/should +V 原/( were +to do)，主句 should (would, could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形；從句 had done，主句 should (would, could, might)+have+ 過(guò)去分詞。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：【注意】主句中有had done,從句中一定有 have done。反之，在錯(cuò)綜虛擬條件句中不成立。3. 從句中可以有 should表示將來(lái)時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，并且可能性很小，但是主句中的should表示主語(yǔ)必須是第一人稱(chēng)。4. 區(qū)別

10、：虛擬語(yǔ)氣主句中 should （表第一人稱(chēng)），would （表結(jié)果），could （表能力、許可 或可能性）和 might （表可能性）。試比較：5.If you tried again, you would succeed.If you tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再試一試，你可能會(huì)成功的。If you tried again, you could succeed. 要是你再試一試，你就能成功了。 在虛擬條件句中，對(duì)于與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情形，請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：要是你再試一試，你就會(huì)成功的。（would 表結(jié)果 ）（might 表可能 ）（could 表

11、能力 ）6.7.8.9.（ 1） 條件從句表示的內(nèi)容與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，實(shí)為對(duì)將來(lái)情況的推測(cè)，用過(guò)去時(shí)表示 虛擬；（2）條件從句謂語(yǔ)除用過(guò)去式外，有時(shí)也用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形（表示可能性極小，常譯為 萬(wàn)一 ” ”或“ were to+動(dòng)詞原形（表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)）”；（3）條件從句使用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的謂語(yǔ)形式時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)除可用“ should（would, could, might）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式外，也可用直陳語(yǔ)氣或祈 使語(yǔ)氣。試比較：If it should rain tomorrow, don t exp萬(wàn)一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使語(yǔ)氣）I

12、f I should see him, I ll te萬(wàn)一我見(jiàn)到他，我就告訴他。（直陳語(yǔ)氣）當(dāng)條件從句的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是系動(dòng)詞 be時(shí)，可用were代替was。特別是在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及 if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。 如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會(huì)去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。If I were you, I would try to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。 有時(shí)虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，

13、即錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句。所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過(guò)去， 而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)， 此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情況， 結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類(lèi)型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作 相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。具體分為下面三種情況： 從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反， 而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)使工程師了If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他們通知過(guò)我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)

14、來(lái)這里了。 從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問(wèn)候她了。 從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況相反， 而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的話

15、，莊家會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可省略，而將 were, should, had等詞置于句首。 如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話， 我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Had

16、he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。有時(shí)句子沒(méi)有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過(guò)上下文或其他方式來(lái)判斷。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本該來(lái)看你了，然而我太忙了。如：如：But for| his help, we would be working now.要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。 But that I saw it, I wouldn have believed

17、it.要不是我親眼目睹，我還不信呢。 Without your in struct ion, I would not have made such great p rogress.要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。【注意】but for后接sth， but that后接從句。如:10. 有時(shí)虛擬條件句中，主、從句可省略其中一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。 省略從句He would have fin ished it.他本該完成了。You could have p assed this exam.你應(yīng)該會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試了。 省略主句If I were at home now.要是我現(xiàn)在

18、在家里該多好啊。If only I had got it.要是我得到它了該多好啊。11. 兩個(gè)?？糹f虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型。這兩個(gè)句型是If it weren t fo和If it hadn t been fo,其意為若不是(有)、要不是有”， 可以用But for或Without介詞短語(yǔ)替換。如：If it were n t for water, no p la nt could g要是 沒(méi)有水植物就無(wú)法生長(zhǎng)。If it hadn t been for your assistancwe wouldn t have succeeded.=But for your assistanee, we woul

19、dn t have succeeded.=Without your assistanee, we wouldn t have succeeded.二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其它句型:1、wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣基本用法：動(dòng)詞 wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。would / could+have + 過(guò)去分詞; would (could) +動(dòng)詞原形。wish的時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)關(guān)。 比較：若要表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；若表示與過(guò)去相反的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或 若表示將來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用 特別注意I從句的時(shí)態(tài)只與從句所指的時(shí)間有關(guān)，而與I w

20、ish I were rich.要是我現(xiàn)在有錢(qián)就好了。I wish I had been rich.要是那時(shí)我有錢(qián)就好了。I wished I were rich.當(dāng)時(shí)我后悔自己沒(méi)有錢(qián)。I wished I had been rich.當(dāng)時(shí)我后悔自己曾經(jīng)沒(méi)有錢(qián)。2、if only后面的句子用虛擬語(yǔ)氣基本用法：if only與I wish 一樣，也用于表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望，其后所虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)與wish后所接時(shí)態(tài)的情況相同。女口：If only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。If only I had liste ned to my pare nts!我要

21、是當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了父母的話就好了。If only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了！特別注意I if only通常獨(dú)立使用，后面直接跟句子，沒(méi)有主句(實(shí)際上主句省略了)3、as if (though)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣基本用法：以as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)； 若表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；表示將來(lái)的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形。如：He acts as if he knew me.他顯得認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。They treat me as t

22、hough I were a stranger. 他們待我如陌生人。如:He talks as if he had bee n abroad.他說(shuō)起話來(lái)好像曾經(jīng)出過(guò)國(guó)。特別注意I (1)從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí)，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。It looks as if we ll我們0似乎要遲到了。 注意It isn astif的翻譯。女口：It isn t as if he were pc他不像窮的樣子(或他又不窮)。would【總結(jié)】wish, if only, as if后面的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有三種形式：若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；若表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；表示將來(lái)的

23、可能性不大，用(might, could)+ 動(dòng)詞原形。4、It (sigh/about) time后的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should+ 動(dòng)基本用法：從句謂語(yǔ)通常用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，有時(shí)也用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或“ 詞原形(較少見(jiàn)，且should不能省略)”，其意為“(早)該干某事了”。如：It s time we went were going, should go我們?cè)撟吡??！咀⒁?】It s time I was in bed我該上床睡了。(此處不用 were,用was表狀態(tài)；如果表 示“是”的意思時(shí)用were.)【注意2】It (high/about) time- “該是-的時(shí)候了”，表示將來(lái)動(dòng)

24、作的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should不可以省略。5、would rather后句子用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 基本用法：在 would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的 that 從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其意為“寧愿做什么”，具體用法為：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望；d rather you went tomorrow (now).我寧愿你明天(現(xiàn)在)去。 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表過(guò)去的愿望。d rather you hadn 我真希望你沒(méi)有這樣說(shuō)過(guò)。I I 【注意】would rather后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有二種形式。三、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句

25、型:should+動(dòng)詞9種類(lèi)型的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣僅有一種形式: 原形。表示“堅(jiān)持要求”后的賓語(yǔ)從句主要是指insist的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)由“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國(guó)英 語(yǔ)中通常可以省略。如：I insisted that he (should) stay.我堅(jiān)持要他留下?！咀⒁狻縿?dòng)詞insist后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣外， 也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，兩者的區(qū)別是： 若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，意思是“堅(jiān)持要求”，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；，則要用陳述語(yǔ)若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，意思是“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為” 氣。比較：

26、He insisted that I had read his letter.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我看過(guò)他的信。He insisted that I should read his letter.他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信。表示“命令”后的賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成，其中的should主要是指order, comma nd的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)由“ should+動(dòng)詞原形” 在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中通?？梢允÷?。如：He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。表示“建議”后的賓語(yǔ)從句“should+動(dòng)詞原形”主要是指 advise, suggest, propose, recommen

27、d等的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)由 構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中通常可以省略。如：He suggested that we should leave early.他建議我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)動(dòng)身?！咀⒁狻颗c動(dòng)詞insist相似，動(dòng)詞suggest后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣外，也可用陳 述語(yǔ)氣，兩者的區(qū)別也是：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的情況尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí) suggest通常譯為“建議”；若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的情況為既成事實(shí)，則要用陳述語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí)的 suggest通常譯為“表明、認(rèn)為、暗示”。比較：He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner.他建議我們留

28、下吃飯。I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我覺(jué)得你與他心照不宣。表示“要求”后的賓語(yǔ)從句主要是指ask, dema nd, require, request等后的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中通常可以省略。如：I ask that he leave.我要求他走開(kāi)。He requires that I (should) appear.他要求我出場(chǎng)。表示“提議、投票”后的賓語(yǔ)從句主要是指move, vote等后的賓語(yǔ)從句， 從句謂語(yǔ)由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，

29、其中的should 在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中通?？梢允÷?。如：I move that we accept the proposal. 我提議通過(guò)這項(xiàng)提案。表示“敦促”后的賓語(yǔ)從句主要是指動(dòng)詞urge后的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾篐e urged that they go to Europe.他敦促他們到歐洲去。表示“安排”后的賓語(yǔ)從句主要是指動(dòng)詞arrange后的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中通常可以省略。如：He arran ged that I should go abro

30、ad. 他安排我去國(guó)外。表示“希望、打算”后的賓語(yǔ)從句主要是指動(dòng)詞 desire, intend后的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中通?？梢允÷?。如：She desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。表示“指示”后的賓語(yǔ)從句主要是指動(dòng)詞 direct后的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾篢he general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 將軍指示釋放那些俘虜。四、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型: 以

31、it作形式主語(yǔ)，在“ It be+adj.+that+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中表示命令、號(hào)召、要求、惋惜等感情 時(shí),that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句用 “should+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：It is necessary, important, strange, natural, advisable, anxious, compuIsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative (絕對(duì)必要),impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable,

32、recomme nded, urge nt, vital etc.; It is a p ity; It is requested/suggested/desired/propo sed; It worries me that 等。如： It s important 類(lèi)這一類(lèi)型主要包括 It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that.句型。 It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能會(huì)回家去。 It s a pity類(lèi)It is a pity that

33、 she should fare so badly.她竟吃得這么差，真可憐。 It s desired類(lèi)這種主語(yǔ)從句還常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, propo sed, requested, decided, etc.)that句型。It is requested that a vote be take n.建議付諸表決。 It worries me that It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。五、表語(yǔ)從句/同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型:在 advi

34、ce, agreeme nt, comma nd, decisi on, decree, dema nd, determ in ati on, in dicati on, in siste nee, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order 等名詞 后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Our suggestion is that you ( should) be the first to go

35、.我們的建議是你應(yīng)該第一個(gè)去。/、lest, for fear that （以免），in case （以防）引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型:在lest, for fear that （以免），in case （以防）引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中用結(jié)構(gòu)“should +動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略。如：She walked quietly lest she （should） wake up her roommates.她走得很輕以免吵醒她的室友。She exam ined the door aga in for fear that a thief should come in.她又把

36、門(mén)檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。Keep quiet in case you （should） interrupt him when he is busy. 要保持安靜，以防打擾他。七、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型:（1）在even if, even though所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)可用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來(lái)也不知該怎么辦。 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo sho

37、uld come here. 即使華佗在世也救不了他。（2）在 whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word等弓丨導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為： may +動(dòng)詞原形（指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)）。女口：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時(shí)完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be.無(wú)論他在哪里，我們都要找到

38、他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來(lái)的多么晚，我都會(huì)等他。 may +完成式（指過(guò)去），主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。女口：You mustn t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步，你也不能驕傲。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.不管他翻過(guò)什么錯(cuò)誤，我們必須尊敬他。在though, althou

39、gh等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。女口：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good stude nt.盡管他經(jīng)常遲到，他還是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules.盡管他是書(shū)記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。八、原因狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型: 以 be+amazed, an gry, anno yed, ast oni shed, disa ppoin ted, frighte ned,

40、happy, pl eased, pro ud, sorry, surprised, up set等后面的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should +原形動(dòng)詞(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái))。女口：He was an gry that you should call him by name.他很生氣，你竟然對(duì)他直呼其名。I was ast oni shed that he should not an swer such an easy questi on.我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。 should +完成式(指過(guò)去)。女口：I m very sorry that you should

41、have failed the exam.我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。I was very surp rised that Father should have known what I did yesterday.我很吃驚，父親竟指導(dǎo)我昨天所作的事情。虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)體系if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主要句型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬形式例句表現(xiàn)在的虛擬條件句從句：用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去（be多用were）1. If I were you, I should study En glish.2. I would certainiy go if I had time.主句：would/should/could/m

42、ight+ 動(dòng)詞 原形表過(guò)去的虛擬條件句從句：had + PP1. If you had take n my advice, you would not have failed in the test.2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP表將來(lái)的虛擬條件句從句：用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去should+V 原（were +to do）1. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meet ing would be pu

43、t off.2. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeti ng.主句：would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形省略if的條件句從句：用倒裝形式，即把 were, had等置于句首。（并只限were/ had）主句：根據(jù)虛擬的情況采取與 從句相應(yīng)的形式。1. Were I in school aga in(= IfI were in school again, 1 would work harder.)2. Were it not for the rain,( 不 能說(shuō) Wererf t it for the rain,)I

44、 would go swimmi ng.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句（從句與主 句所表示時(shí)間不一致）根據(jù)從句與主句表示的不冋時(shí) 進(jìn)行調(diào)整。1. If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now2. If we had n t bee n work inc hard in the past few years, things would be going so smoothly.含蓄條件句（虛擬條件暗含 在短語(yǔ)或上下文之中，從句 不表現(xiàn)出來(lái)）（常見(jiàn)有 but for/but that 要不是”， without 等）根據(jù)句子表達(dá)的實(shí)際情況選用 相

45、應(yīng)的虛擬條件句中的主句的 動(dòng)詞形式1. Without air, there would be no livi ng thin gs.2. I would have given you more help, but I was busy now.名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣wish, “可惜” “就 好了”，“悔不該” “但 愿”wish后從句：與表各種時(shí)間 的虛擬條件句中的從句動(dòng)詞 形式基本相冋。具體：1,表與現(xiàn)在不能實(shí) 現(xiàn)的愿望，從句用“過(guò)去時(shí)， be 用 were”2 .表與過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿 望，從句用“ had+PP 或 could/would +have +PP “3 .表與將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句用“ could/would + 動(dòng)詞原形”1. I wish I were a bird.2. I wish I had known the an swer.would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句would rather后從句：動(dòng)詞常 用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的 虛擬語(yǔ)氣；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表 示過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1. I would rather