(完整)外研版高中英語必修三知識點-語法總結(jié)超全超值,推薦文檔

1、module 1 europe 重 要 短 語 ： because of 因為thanks to 由于；多虧了due to/owing to 由于as a result of 由于的結(jié)果be covered by/with be known for/as/tomake a out of b 用 b 制成 a必修三知識點匯總make a into b/be made of work on 從事/做工作；忙于havein commonrefer to 參考/指的是/涉及/適用于have control over/of 對有控制權(quán)beyond control 無法控制under control 被控

2、制住out of control 失去控制in the control of 由控制/管理/負(fù)責(zé)lose control of 對失去控制have a population of 有多少人口little by little 漸漸地in ones thirtiescompare a with/and b 比較 a 和 b compareto 把 比 作 . compared with/to與比較起來belong toincrease(reduce) to/byin terms of 根據(jù)/從方面來說/從的觀點face to face along the coastoff the coast 在(

3、離開海面的)海岸上ever since 自從/一直on the one /other hand 一方面/另一方面be located in=lie in=be situated in 坐落于there+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+主有存在（be）opposite to 在對面，與相反in the long/short term 就長/短期而言come to terms=make terms 達(dá)成協(xié)議，和好bring sb. to terms 使某人接收條件be on good/bad terms with sb.與某人交情好/不好befacedwith 面臨，面對jus

4、t the opposite 恰恰相反keep a cool head 保持頭腦清醒lose ones head 驚慌失措，失去理智head for 朝著前進(jìn)get into a difficult situation 陷入困難的狀況get out of a difficult situation 擺脫困難的狀況savethesituation 挽回局勢重要句型：1. it is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.one of the +形容詞最高級+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)最。 。之一2. portugal is to the west of

5、spain.表示位置: a is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of ba is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of b位置+距離: a is (about)+距離+（to the）+方向+of b in ,on 和 to 表地理方位的區(qū)別（1）表示 a 在 b 的范圍內(nèi)（2）強調(diào) a 和 b 兩地接壤時，用 on.（3）a 在 b 的范圍之外，兩者之間沒有所屬關(guān)系時用 to。如：our school is to the west of the hospital.我們學(xué)校在醫(yī)院的西面。3. on the coast 和 off t

6、he coaston 表示“位于河畔或鐵路，公路及海岸等沿線上”；off 表示“稍離陸地，在沿岸的海里”。如：4. 表示倍數(shù)的四種句型：1）this bridge is 3 times longer than that one.這座橋比那座橋長 3 倍。2) this bridge is 4 times as long as that one 這座橋是那座橋的 4 倍長。3）a is times the size/length/width/height/depth of bthis room is 3 times the size of that one.這間房間的大小是那間的 3 倍。4)

7、a + v. times as many/much + n.+ as bthe factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year. 這個廠今年的汽車產(chǎn)量是去年的 3 倍。語法要求：一： 一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)由“be+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by)”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)發(fā)生時態(tài)變化時只變 be 形式，過去分詞不變?，F(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)：am/ is/ are + 過去分詞過去時被動語態(tài)：was/ were + 過去分詞二：主謂一致：本單元主要強調(diào)第二個原則語法一致原則。句子的主語是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)

8、，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意：(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each 等不定代詞作主語時，謂語需用單數(shù)。(2) 當(dāng)主語后面跟有 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, including, except, rather than, but,等時， 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式仍然要與這些詞語前面的主語保持一致。 3）表示時間，重量，長度，價格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語從整體來看時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 4）非謂語動詞，從句或其他短語作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：early t

9、o bed and early to rise is healthful.5）如果主語是由 and 連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞，但前面有 each, every, no 等詞修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。例如：every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.6) 謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況：many a ，more than one，every and every/，noand no/eachand each one and a half，aor two，a/the (and) 指同一人、事物或概念the number ofa great d

10、eal of / a large amount of2. 意義一致原則。1)一些集合名詞，如：family, enemy, class, population, army 等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)實際含義而定。當(dāng)表示整體意義時，用單數(shù)；當(dāng)強調(diào)個體成員時，用復(fù)數(shù)。如：2） 由 there 或 here 引起的主語，而又不止是一個時，采取就近原則。例如： here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.3. 鄰近性原則。neithernor, eitheror, not onlybut also, or 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語

11、時；由 there, here引導(dǎo)的句子，并且主語不止一個時，謂語動詞通常與鄰近它的主語保持一致。module 2重要短語：agree to the plan (suggestion, proposal) 同意（建議，安排）measure sth in/by sth 用來衡量agree with sb.同意某人的觀點或看法，適合agree on/upon sth 達(dá)成協(xié)議一致意見make efforts/ an effort to do sth. 努力做某事spare no effort 不遺余力 with/without effort 費力地/毫不費力地get(be) close to 靠近

12、，接近， 即將發(fā)生as a result of 由于as a result 結(jié)果result in 導(dǎo)致result from 由引起in/during the last ten years receive a good education be willing to do sth.make comparisons 作比較be connected withat the top of /at the bottom of live with 與.住/忍受up to 直到/到為止/多達(dá)make progress 進(jìn)步be similar to 與相似encourage sb to do sthtak

13、e measures to do 采取措施be crowded with 充滿，滿是in exchange for 交換achieve ones goalon a high/low income 高/低收入income tax (個人)所得稅with the development of under development 在發(fā)展中figure out 算出/解決/理解/弄明白be up to=be fit for 勝任，適合于share sth. with sb.與某人分享share (in)sth.共享lifeexpectancy 預(yù)期壽命;平均壽命重要句型：1.be be importa

14、nt to sb.of+抽象名詞=be+該名詞的同根形容詞eg. his advice is of value to us. = valuablethis dictionary is of great use. =useful what he said is of importance for you. = important2.till ：直到up to sthbe fit for ：勝任 li ping is not up to his job. be busy in doing sth ：忙著做be up to sb=be left to sb to decide ：由決定/ 負(fù)責(zé)3.

15、sure1) make sure 表示“務(wù)必”，“確信”，“弄明白”，后面常接 of/about sth.或 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 make sure(that) you will arrive there on time. 你務(wù)必準(zhǔn)時到這。i know theres a train this afternoon, but i must make sure of the time.2）be sure of, be sure that 對有把握，對確定，確信can we be sure of his honesty. /can we be sure that he is honest? i

16、m sure of winning the game.3) be sure to do 說話人推測主語“一定；必然會”或 (常用于祈使句)務(wù)必做某事he is sure to be back soon. 他一定會很快回來。 be sure not to forget it. 千萬別忘了。注意：be sure of 與 be sure to do 的區(qū)別：.he is sure of his success. =he is sure that he will succeed. 他確信他會成功。.he is sure to succeed. 他一定會成功。(說話人的看法). be sure to

17、write and tell me all your news. 務(wù)必來信把你所有情況都告訴我。另外，常見的與 sure 相關(guān)的短語還有：be sure of oneself 有自信心，for sure 的確；確實地， sure enough果真，果然。 用于口語，此時的“sure.”相當(dāng)于“of course.” 與“certainly.”。4. from the agreement came the human development report.表示方位或方式的副詞和介詞短語放在句首用完全倒裝, 即謂語動詞完全置于主語之前。at the foot of the mountain lie

18、s a small village. out rushed the children.孩子們沖了出去。here comes the bus. 車來了。(to the) south of our school stand many shops.【部分倒裝】only 修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，放于句首否定副詞 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom 等放于句首 so+adj/adv+(倒裝)+ that1. only when he returned did we find out the truth (we found out the truth on

19、ly when he returned.)2. never before have i seen such a moving film.(i have never seen such a moving film before)3. so clearly does he speakenglish that he can always make himself understood.(he speaks english so clearly that)5 s.+ be + adj. + to doeasy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dangerous/hard/ diffi

20、cult 1).the water is not pure to drink (drink)2).he needs a chair comfortable to sit on.(sit ) 3).the young man felt the room cold to live in (live)語法要求：1. but 和 however 的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別however 作副詞用時,表示“然而；但是”,可以位于句首、句中和句末；位于句首時,要用逗號與句子其它部分隔開；位于句中時,其前后都要用逗號；位于句末時其前用逗號分開.however 與 but 兩者都做“但是,然而”講,而且都引出并列句.從語義

21、上看,but 所表示的是非常明顯的對比,轉(zhuǎn)折的意味較 however 要強.從語序上看,but 總是位于所引出的分句之首,而 however 卻可位于句首、句中和句末,同時從標(biāo)點符號上看,but 之后一般不得使用逗號,而 however 則必須用逗號與句子其它部分分開.2. although 引導(dǎo)狀語從句module3重要短語:pick upat sea 迷茫on averagenatural disaster catch fire 失火/著火pour down 傾瀉而下set fire to 放火燒manage to do sth.put out 熄滅report on 報道 fall do

22、wnfrom side to side in all 總共，合計not at all 一點也不，別客氣after all 畢竟，終究above all 首先，尤其是first of all 首先come to an end 結(jié)束，完結(jié)turn over 移交; 翻轉(zhuǎn)according totake placea total of 總數(shù)為in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損，破敗不堪fall into ruin 已成廢墟bring sb. to ruin 毀滅某人end up 到達(dá)或來到某處end up with sth.以某事作為結(jié)束end up doing sth.以做某事為結(jié)束bury onesel

23、f in sth.埋頭于、專心致志于某事物be buried in 埋頭于，專心致志于sth.occurs to sb.某事被某人想起it occurs to sb. + that-clause 某人突然想到 it occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想到做某事on the same latitude 在同一緯度warn sb. (not)to do sth.警告某人（不）干某事warn sb. of sth.警告某人當(dāng)心某事be experienced in/at 在方面有經(jīng)驗重要句型:1.a good idea suddenly struck me.我忽然想到一個好主意

24、strike sb.+介詞+the +具體部位 打某人的某個部位eg. strike him on the back 打某人的背hit sb in the face 打某人的臉pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀be struck by 被所打動，被迷住【注意區(qū)分】strike,hit,beat,knockstrike “(鐘)敲打，撞擊，襲擊”， 表示有力的打一下。beat 連續(xù)地打，心臟的跳動，在游戲、競賽或戰(zhàn)爭中擊敗對方，也可表示毆打，體罰。hit 瞄準(zhǔn)某物而擊中。也可表示“襲擊”knock 用拳頭或硬的東西“敲、擊、打2.wordsmeaningsoccur偶然發(fā)

25、生；突然想起it occurred to sb. that .happen偶然發(fā)生；碰巧 it happened that/ sb. happen to do sth.break out(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病、爭吵) 突然爆發(fā)take place(有計劃地)發(fā)生;舉行3. there was the possibility of it is possible that語法要求：1. by the time 意為“到時候（為止）”，是一個介詞短語，在句中經(jīng)常起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。它的主要用法如下：1). 如果從句中的謂語動詞是一般過去時，那么主句中的謂語動詞通常用過去完成時，表示“截止到從句

26、動作發(fā)生時，主句動作已經(jīng)完成，即過去的過去”。by the timedid, sb. had done sth.by the time he returned home，the rain had stopped.2). 如果從句中的謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時/或現(xiàn)在完成時（表示將來），那么主句中的謂語動詞常為將來完成時，表示“截止到將來某一時間為止，主句動作將已經(jīng)完成”。by the timedo/does, sb. will have done sth.by the time you get back，i shall have finished the work.3). 如果主句動作不強調(diào)已經(jīng)完成

27、，只是說明某個時候的狀況，（主句是 be 的系表形式或者是表示像 know, find, believe 等表示認(rèn)知的持續(xù)性動詞，則往往用一般時態(tài)，不用完成時態(tài)。）此時主句不用完成時，而應(yīng)根據(jù)實際需要選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)，此時 by the time 相當(dāng)于 when。 例如：he was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上頂端時，他氣喘吁吁。2. 過去完成時的被動語態(tài)：had+過去分詞3. 間接引語。英語中常用兩種方式引用別人的話。一種是直接引述別人的原話，把它放在引號內(nèi)，叫直接引語；另一種是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。如果把直

28、接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等一般都要作相應(yīng)的改變。3. 定語從句。module 4重要短語cut out 剪除;切掉;割掉cut up 切碎;使傷心cut of 切斷;停掉;隔絕cut in 插嘴cut down 砍掉;消減dig up 挖出be caught in 被困在(風(fēng)、雨、雪)中catch up with 趕上;跟上catch hold of 抓住,握住catch sight of 看見walk up to 認(rèn)識到/意識到sweep away 掃除/清除/沖走/刮走take in 吸入（空氣）;欺騙;體會;收容give out 分發(fā);發(fā)出(氣味、

29、熱氣)；用盡take away 帶走take off 脫下,拿掉,起飛take on 承擔(dān)complain to sb 向訴苦/發(fā)牢騷complain about/of sth 抱怨某事one after another 一個接一個look through 仔細(xì)檢查be part of 成為的一部分masses of/a mass of 許多,大量take up 舉起,開始做;占據(jù)give up 放棄give in 屈服;讓步,投降the masses 群眾,平民in the mass 大體而論,總體上a weather forecast 天氣預(yù)報give/make a forecast 預(yù)言

30、,預(yù)報solve problemsif possible 如果可能give off 送出;發(fā)出（光等） give away 贈送;放棄;泄漏;出賣have an effect on if any 如果有的話if necessary 如果需要的話if so 如果是這樣的話if ever 如果曾經(jīng)有的話if not 不這樣的話thinkseriouslyabout 認(rèn)真考慮prevent/stop/keep(from)doingin a nutshell/ in a word/ in brief/ in short 一言以蔽之be concerned for/about/over 對關(guān)心,擔(dān)心,憂

31、慮be concerned with/in 與有關(guān)as far as sth.is concerned 就某事而言重要句型1. appear to似乎，好像/ it appears that he is only forty , but appears to be (be) quite old. it appears to me thatthe girl appears to have known (know) it.這女孩好像已經(jīng)知道了這件事。it appears to me that you are all mistaken. 我覺得你們?nèi)e了。2.wordsmeaningsstrengt

32、h著重指人的力氣，物的強度。force自然力量；暴力，勢力；法律，道德，感情力量；軍事力量等energy主要指人的精力；自然界的能量power用途最廣，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；職權(quán)，權(quán)力或政權(quán)3. sothat/ such that. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句【注意】1)such 與 so2)little 少/小3)當(dāng) so 或 such 置于句首時，主句要用倒裝語序。the boy was so frightened that he didnt know what to do.改為倒裝句：so frightened was the boy that he didnt know what to d

33、o.4.i couldnt agree with you more / it couldnt be worse if possible語法要求：一：to do 不定式(一)結(jié)構(gòu): to do (否定) not to do (二)不定式的各種時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing-完成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing-(三)用法1). 主to see is to believe.its important to learn .用 it 作形式主語. 2). 表my job is

34、 to help the patient.your task is to clean the classroom.3) 賓i want to go home.think/ consider/ find /make/feel it + adj.+ to do常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. 4). 賓warn, tell, allow, help, ask, forcethe teacher told me to clean the blackboar

35、d. i expect you to give me some help.五看 watchseelook atobservenotice三使 letmakehave二聽 listen tohear一感覺: feel不定式用在介詞 but, except, besides 后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞 do 的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶 to,相反則帶 to.she could do nothing but cry.i have no choice but to go.what do you like to do besides sleep.注：在 cant but ，cant help

36、 but ，cant choose but （意思是不得不，只能，只好），的結(jié)構(gòu)后， 不定式不帶 to5). 定語i have something to say.(如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：動賓關(guān)系i have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。主謂關(guān)系he is always the first to come.他總是第一個來。同位關(guān)系we all have a chance to go to college.我們都有上大學(xué)的機會。不定式

37、所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工具等，即使是及物動詞，不定式后面仍須有相應(yīng)的介詞。不定式所修飾的名詞如果是 time, place 或 way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。he had no money and no place to live.他沒錢沒地方住。something, anything, nothing, everything 等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。注意比較：do you have anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式 to send 的動作執(zhí)行者是 you） do you have anything to be sent?你有什么

38、要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式 to be sent 的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的 me 或 someone else）6) 狀i came here to see you.in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to., (7).獨立結(jié)構(gòu)to tell the truth, i dont agree with you. to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth不定式與疑問詞 who,which, when, how, what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。he di

39、dnt know what to say.他不知道說什么。(賓語)howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解決這個問題很重要。(主語) my question is when to start.我的問題是什么時候開始。(表語)注意：在與 why 連用時，只用于 why 或 why not 開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶 to。why not have a rest?固定句型:had better/had best + (not) do sth.最好（不）做某事why (not) do sth.?prefer to do/prefer doing

40、prefern./doing to n./doing prefer to do rather than(to) do would rather (not) do sth.would rather do than (do) would rathersb. did（虛擬語氣） 要做 (1). they pretended not to see us.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/幾乎/發(fā)生在它之后.) (2). he pretended to be sleeping.(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行) (3).she pretended to have known it before

41、.(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前) (4). were happy to have been working with you.(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))module 5重要短語：be related to 與.有關(guān)be equal to 等于human beingbe born good 人之初,性本善tell the time 報時bring up 養(yǎng)育,教育;提出;嘔吐bring down 使倒下,消減bring back 恢復(fù),使想起bring in 收(莊稼);引進(jìn)be at war with 與.交戰(zhàn)live a (n)life

42、follow / take ones advicea sense of responsibility 責(zé)任感make sense有意義,講的通make sense of 懂,理解there is no sense in doing sth 做某事不明智/沒意義reach /arrive at/ draw/ come to a conclusion得出結(jié)論in conclusion 最后，總之make a contribution to in some ways 在某些方面lay stress on sth. 強調(diào)某事put stress on sth. place stress on sth.

43、stress the importance ofhave an influence on/upon sth. 對某事有影響influence sb. to do sth. 影響某人做某事be influencedit is/was a time when 那是一個的時期travel from state to state周游列國the reason why is that 的理由是the reason for sth. is that 某事的理由是 argue with sb about/over sth 某人爭論argue for 據(jù)理力爭argue against 反對in good/ p

44、oor condition 狀況良好(不好) on one condition 有一個條件on condition that 如果,條件是,只要on no condition 決不no faster than 和一樣不快= as slowly as重要句型：1. ordern. & v. 秩序，順序，命令，訂購，eg.1)then they called out our names in order and we answered yes or no . (翻譯)然后他們按順序點我們的名字，我們回答對錯。out of order 無序的，雜論無章的 in order (of) 以順序 in o

45、rder to 為了in order that 為了 place an order with sb for sth 向某人訂購某put in order 按順序排列，整齊擺放2. if ,then 3. no more than語法要求：一：限制性定語從句：用來修飾某個名詞或代詞的從句，叫定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who, whom, whose, as關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why注意：1. 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時，介詞賓語只能用 which 代物，用 whom 代人。2. 在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任介詞賓語而介詞在句尾時，

46、關(guān)系代詞可省略。3. 有時為了行文需要，定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞和部分謂語動詞可省略。module 6重要短語：provide sth. for sb. /sb. with sth date from /back to 起源于out of date 過時up to date 最新fix a date for sth 給某事約定日期have a date with sb 和某人約會hold back 阻擋,忍住,抑制(情感hold ones breath 屏住氣hold up 耽擱;妨礙(交通等)freezingpoint 冰點in a sense 就某種意義而言hold on 堅持;(電話)請等一

47、下dream of 夢想dream adream 做一個夢work out come trueglobal warmingof all time 有史以來think ofhear fromnow that .make a note /notes 作筆記bring an end to 結(jié)束a large amount of on the spotbe pleased withcrashinto 撞上，墜毀重要句型：1. it takes sb. time to do sth.2. be of + n. = be + adj.3. accommodate sb. with sth.提供某人某物ac

48、commodate to sth.適 應(yīng) ， 順 應(yīng) accommodate oneself to sth.使自己適應(yīng)于 accommodate sb. for (the night)留某人(過夜) provide accommodations for為提供膳宿語法要求：非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞非限定性定語從句即“引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞：as,which,who引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的關(guān)系副詞主要有：when,where。非限定性定語從句注意不能用 that 作為關(guān)系代詞的兩種情況：非限定性定語從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞who 引導(dǎo)our guide，who was a fr

49、ench canadian，was an excellent cook. whom 引導(dǎo)關(guān)系代詞 whom 用于指人，在句中作動詞賓語和介詞賓語，作介詞賓語時，介詞可位于句首。which 引導(dǎo)關(guān)系代詞 which 在非限制性定語從句，中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語、其他從句或整個主句，在從句中作主語、動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。when 引導(dǎo)關(guān)系副詞 when 在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語，指代主句中表示時間的詞語。as 引導(dǎo)as 引出非限定性定語從句時，代替整個主句，對其進(jìn)行說明但通常用于像 as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper 等句式中。as