Great Britain - History大不列顛歷史

1、Great BritainSome HistoryCelts Who were the Celts? European tribes When did they come to Britain? Between 750 and 100 B.C. What did they contribute to British society/culture? Began trade with the continent Ancient civilization, language (Gaelic)Roman Occupation (55 B.C 410 A.D.) Julius Caesar and t

2、he Romans invaded Britain Roman influence was a threat to hill dwellers (Celts) in Wales and Scotland Romans built Hadrians Wall to keep back revolting tribes in Scotland How did the Romans influence British society? Roman occupation lasted for almost 350 years Built roads (trade routes) Language (a

3、lphabet)Anglo-Saxon Times (410-871 A.D.) Who were the Anglo-Saxons? Germanic Tribes Spoke what is now known as “Old English” Defeated the CeltsPushed them into the mountains of Wales, Scotland, and across to IrelandAnglo-Saxon Times Why are they important? Created a “Nation of the English”Different

4、tribes lacked unity, divided into many different kingdomsFinally united against Vikings in 8th Century Language contributions Brought Christianity to BritainInvasion of Vikings and Danish Rule Who were the Vikings? Vikings (Northern warriors) invaded England Most came from Norway or Denmark Who is K

5、ing Alfred? Anglo-Saxon King Defeated Vikings Unified Anglo-Saxons Considered the first national heroNorman Conquest Who were the Normans? People from France Eventually replaced Anglo-Saxon rulers. The Battle of Hastings was a war to decide who would be king. Harold, was from Wessex (Britain) Willia

6、m the Conqueror, was from Normandy (France) Who won the Battle of Hastings? In 1066, William the Conqueror was the first Norman king William introduced feudalism to BritainMagna Carta Magna Carta was the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects in an attempt to limit his

7、 powers by law and protect their privileges Why was the Magna Carta important? Took some power away from the king Protected the interests of the feudal lords Granted townspeople freedom of trade and self-governmentBeginning of Parliament How did Parliament develop in Britain? King called meetings wi

8、th his vassals As the merchant class grew, they wanted more representation 1295 - “Model Parliament” included: Representatives from the upper class Representatives from the merchant class Why is Parliament important to British society? Limits the power of the King Allows representation from many dif

9、ferent social classesThe Hundred Years War Who fought? French and the English Fighting finally ended in 1453 England won, but the British rule was eventually returned to France What were the effects of this war? Both France and England began to focus on their internal problemsThe Wars of the Roses W

10、hy did they fight? They wanted control of Britain Both families believed they had the right to control England By 1485, the Wars of the Roses were over How did these wars influence British history? The old feudal barons killed one another The Wars of the Roses marked the end of feudalism Paved the r

11、oad for the strong rule of the Tudor KingsWho fought these wars?Two powerful families (Houses of Lancaster and York)The Church of England In the 1500s, King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church. New church known as the Church of England Often referred to as Anglican ChurchTransition to Democracy 1640s Oliver Cromwell abolishes Monarchy and rules with Parliament. Ruled f