(兒科學(xué)課件）01.1overviewofpediatrics

1、( (兒科學(xué)課件）兒科學(xué)課件）01.1overviewofpediatrics01.1overviewofpediatrics5Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Stage of children by age Scope of pediatrics Challenge to pediatricians6Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Stage of children by age Scope of pediatrics Challenge to pediatricians7Is a child minia

2、ture of an adult?8AnatomyEg:9 PhysiologyAt birth5yr15yradultPR （/min） 140100706070RR （/min） 40252020Eg1:Eg2:Immature immunity10Pathology lobar pneumonia bronchopneumonia Eg:Streptococcus infectionYoung ChildAdult11Clinical differenceeg： Type of disease: congenital, infectious Manifestation: changeab

3、le, atypical Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: less sequela occurrence Prevention12Children are not little adults!13Association between pediatrics & adult medicine DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health & Disease) Child behavioral problem & adult offence Eg:14Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Sta

4、ge of children by age Scope of pediatrics Challenge to pediatricians1516Stages of children by age FETUSINFANCYTODDLERPRE-SCHOOLSCHOOL CHILDRENADOLESCENCEChildren:018yr17Fetal Period From fertilized ovum formed until to delivery ( about 40 weeks )18Embryo: 0-8 wsMiddle fetus: 9-28 wsLate fetus: 29-40

5、 wsFetal periodEmbryonic periodFetal Period20 After delivery until 1year old Neonate（028days）Perinatal period（28GA7days）Infancy2122From 1 to 3 years old Toddler23 From 3 years old until 67 years old Preschool Period24From 67 years old until adolescence School Period25AdolescenceGirl:11-18yrBoy:13-20

6、yr*individual differenceFrom 2nd sexual character appearing until sexual mature and growth stopped 26Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Stage of children by age Scope of pediatrics Challenge to pediatricians27Subspecialties Preventive Pediatrics Developmental Pediatrics Clinical Pediatrics Commun

7、ity Pediatricians28Preventive pediatrics Refers to prevention of disease and promotion of physical, mental, and social well being of children with aim of attaining a positive health 29 Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Preventionthe measures of health promotion: e.g. nutrition, health

8、 education, physical activity, Immunization, accident prevention, mental health and well environment, etc.the measures of preventing diseases to happen. ex. growth supervision, newborns screening, prenatal examination etc.treatment of ill children and rehabilitationPreventive pediatrics 30 aims to p

9、romote and maintain the developmental and emotional health of all children and their families. Developmental Pediatrics31Clinical pediatrics Focused on diagnosis and treatment of diseases in childhood.32Organ-based classificationDigestive systemRespiratory systemCardiovascular systemNephrology and u

10、rology Endocrinology Dermatology Hematology Neurology.Infectious disease Metabolic disordersImmunologyAllergy ect.Clinical pediatrics33Age-based classification PerinatologyNeonatologyAdolescent medicineClinical pediatrics34Health care system based classification Primary health care Intensive care Em

11、ergency care Rehabilitation careClinical pediatrics35Community pediatricsFocus on child health in relation to his environment and the society.36Outline Characteristics of pediatrics Stage of children by age Scope of pediatrics Challenge to pediatricians37Current Challenges In Pediatrics Health dispa

12、rities38Changed category of disease Current Challenges In Pediatrics Health disparitiesJ. F. Bach,NEJM, 200239Changed category of disease Environment-genetic interaction Current Challenges In Pediatrics Health disparitiesepigenetics40Changed category of disease Environment-genetic interaction Current Challenges In Pediatrics Health disparitiesShortage of pediatrician 412011 world populationcountryPopulation 014yrs (%)China1.3billion 16.6%India 1.2billion32%World 6.9billion27%Children (018 years old):constitute approximately 1/3 of whole populationNumber of Pediatrician:5 pediatricians ser