It的用法歸納(11月26日整理完畢)

1、it 的用法歸納it 既可以用作代詞（人稱代詞，非人稱代詞） ，也可以用作引導(dǎo)詞（作形式主語或形式賓語） ，還可以用來構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型。一、用作人稱代詞這是 it 的基本用法。1. 指事物 指代上文或剛提到的事物，以避免重復(fù)。I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔壞了。It s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我樂意干?！?Where is the dog?” “ It s in the bedroom.” “狗在哪?” “在臥室里”。Shanghai is a beautiful city,isn t it?2.

2、 指人 指代未知性別的嬰兒或身份不明確的人。Is this your dog？ No, it isn t.Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩還是女孩?There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?【說明】 在答語中，常用來指本人，如說It s me。3. 代替某些代詞。還可用于代替指示代詞 this, that 以及復(fù)合不定代詞 something, anything, nothing 等。如：“Whats this?”“I

3、t s a new machine”. “這是什么?” “是一種新機器” 。 Nothing is wrong, is it? 沒出什么問題，是嗎?4. 指抽象事物 :It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like tha tYou ve helped me a lot. I shall never forget it.I tried my best to persuade him to give up smoking, but it didn t help.辨析 代詞 it ,one 和 that.（ 1） it 代替的是前面提到

4、的同一名稱的同一事物，即同名同物。所代替的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。 （ 2） one 代替的是前面提到的同名異物中的任何一個， 所代替的上面可數(shù)名詞， 其前可帶冠詞與修飾語， 如代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則用ones。（ 3） that 代替前面提到的同名異物中特指的事物，所代替的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞也可是不可數(shù)名詞，但其前通常不能有修飾語。The population problem may be the greatest one in the world.The doctor in our school is younger than that in your school.I bough

5、t a dictionary three years ago and I am still using it now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new one soon. 二、用作非人稱代詞it有時并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、日期、時間、溫度、價值、路程 距離、環(huán)境、自然現(xiàn)象等，稱為非人稱的代詞it。It is a lovely day, isnt it?（天氣）It is April First today.（日期）It was nearly midnight when she came ba

6、ck.（時間）It was very quiet in the caf.（環(huán)境）eIt is half an hour s walk to the city centre. 0E 離）It is three dollars.（價值）Today it is 30 degrees centigrade.溫度）三、做形式主語（一）基本用法當不定式、動名詞、從句等復(fù)雜成分用作句子主語時，為保持句子平衡， 通常把真正的主語放在句末，而在句首使用形式主語it,這樣可以使句子避免“頭重腳輕”。如：It s very important to remember this. t己住這一點彳艮重要。It s ha

7、rd work climbing mountains.爬山是費勁的事。It s unknown when he will come.他什么時候來還不知道。（二）用it做形式主語的基本句型1. It is time（ for sb） to do sth.價詞短語?！笆牵橙耍┰摳赡呈碌臅r候了” （初中學過）It is time to have supper/for supper.2. It is ones turn to do sth為輪到某人做某事了 ”。（初中學過）Its your turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天輪到你值日 了。3. It takes sb. s

8、ome time to do sth.-（初中學過）該句型中的不定式是真正的主語， it 是形式主語， 句型中的直接賓語是時間。常譯為 做事情要花費某人時間”“某人花了多少時間做某事”It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.4. It+ is/has been 1 段時間+since從句. (初中學過)關(guān)于該句型詳解見下面第11 條。5. It is/ was +過去分詞+ that 從句 .1) It is said (reported ， learned/ believed/ thought / cons

9、idered/well-known )that從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為據(jù)說(據(jù)報道，據(jù)悉.)。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.2) It is suggested (ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded)+th斑旬。該句型和上一句屬一個句型。 主句中的過去分詞是表示請求、 建議、 命令 ( 一堅持，二命令，三建議，四要求)等詞時，that后的從何要用虛擬語氣(should+動 詞原形)

10、。should可以省略，常譯為 據(jù)建議；有命令”It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.6. It is a pity ( a shame . ) thatM旬.在該句型中，that后的從旬(1) 一般用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形)，should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常譯為 “竟然 ” 。 ( 2 )沒有這種意義時，則不用虛擬語氣。It is a pity that such a thing (should

11、) happen in your class.這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾。It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遺憾！7. It is no use doing sth 做某事是沒有用的該句型中的真正主語是動名詞短語，主句中的表語可以是no good (not anygood), no use (not any use ), no pleasureIt is no good learning English without speaking English.It is no use crying over the spilt milk.It is no p

12、leasure looking through these any longer.8. It is the first （second .last） time that sb. has done sth.該句型應(yīng)和下一個句型區(qū)別開來。該句型表示截止到說話時某人的一種經(jīng) 亂不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)。如果主句謂語動詞是 is,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時 態(tài)；如果主句謂語動詞是 was,從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去； it有時也用this/that替換，常譯為 是某人第一（二，）次做某事”。It is the first time that I have enjoyed this kind

13、 of moon cake.This was the second time that I had been to Beijing.9. It is （about/high ） time that .sb. did sth / sb. should do sth.該句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是：（1）常用過去時 態(tài)表示虛擬.（2）有時也用should +動詞原形，should不能省，常譯為是（正 是）的時侯了. 一 m ”早就到了時候了”。It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children

14、 went to bed.10. It is/ was + adj.+ for/of+ sb. +to do sth.（初中學過）該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語。如果句子中的形容詞是修飾邏輯主語sb.的，描述sb. “（真）是（太）了，這時用of引出邏輯主語。這里的形容詞通常是表示人的性格、品質(zhì)、特征等。常見的這類形容詞有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish ,honest, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wron第。該句型可以換成 Sb.+b

15、e+adj.+to do sth.It is kind of you to say so = You are kind to say so.（2）如果句子中的形容詞是修飾to do sth.不定式的，說明“做某事 是 的”，這時用for引出 邏輯主語sb。這里的形容詞通常是表示難、易、重要性、必要性、緊迫性、危險等情況的詞。常見的這類形容詞有：hard, difficult, easy, important, useful, necessary, natural, safe, common , normal, dangerous, unusual, great, impossible 等。It

16、 is useful for us to learn English well.11. 與it有關(guān)的幾個時間狀語從句（ 1） It+ is/has been +-段時間 +since從句.（初中學過）該句型主要用作處理瞬間動詞的完成時，要和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。主句中的“一段時間”作表語，其時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài)，而且是瞬間動詞。 （如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。 ）It is /has been 5 years since his father died.It is / has been four days since I caught

17、a cold.It is almost five years since we saw each other last time.It s ages since we last met.（ 2） It +be + not long/ long / 一段時間 + before 從句該句型主句中的 it 指時間， 主句中的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或一般過去時兩種時態(tài)。 主句中的謂語動詞和從句中的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上一般是一致的， 既： 主 句中be動詞是was時，從句用一般過去時。 主句中be動詞是will be時，從 旬用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。主句中的表語多是long ,not long ,3 days,

18、 2 weekS 表示時間段的詞和短語。常譯為“之后才”，沒過就”It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It was not long before he left Nanjing.It will not be long before he finishes his job.（ 3） It + be + 時間點 + when 從句這個句型中 , it 指時間， 而且表示時間的詞語前沒有介詞 （時間一般為具體時問）。主句中的謂語動詞和從句中的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上一般是一致的，既：主 句中be動詞是was時，從句用一般過去時。 主句中be動詞是will be時

19、，從 旬用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。常譯為 當?shù)臅r候，是”It was already 8 o clock when we got home.It was the next morning when we finished our work.It was eight o clock when we arrived.It will be midnight when they get there.12. It is clear （ obvious， true， possible，certain ）+ that 從句該句型中 it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為很清楚（顯然，真

20、的，肯定 ） 是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。It s clear that smoking is bad for our health.13. It is important （ necessary， strange， natural.） +that 從句該句型和上一個同屬一個句型； 由于主句中的形容詞不同， that 后的從句中要用虛擬語氣（ should + 動詞原形） ， should 可以省去。It is important that we （should） learn English well.It is necessary that he （should） remember thes

21、e words.14. It is a waste of time /money doing sth. “做某件事是浪費”It s a waste of time ryotaulking to him. 你和他談是浪費時間。15. （It is） no wonder （that） 難怪It s no wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.難怪他不餓，他整天在吃糖果。16. It is up to sb. to do sth.該句型為 該由某人負責做”，該句型中up后的to 是介詞。It is up to him t

22、o clean our classroom today.It s up to you to to make the choice.17. It seems/seemed似乎）that 從旬（初中學過）It appears （彳以乎）that從旬It happens（碰巧）that 從旬該句型中的 it 是形式主語， that 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，主句中的 happen, seem等詞是不及物動詞。It happened that he met his teacher in the street（巧）It seems that he will be back in a few days.看來）Th

23、e Foreign Minister said, It is ou“r hope that the two sides will work towards “ peace. ”18. It looks （seems） as if該句型中it無意義。as if引導(dǎo)一個狀語從何，常譯為：看起來好像”如果與事實不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了）陳述語氣It looks as if he were ill. （事實上沒有生?。┨摂M語氣It seemed as if he was dying.19. Its + 表語 + to do sth.= （初

24、中學過）Its a good idea to go out for a walk.出去散步是個好主意。四、做形式賓語（一）基本用法當不定式、動名詞、從句等復(fù)雜成分用作賓語且其后跟有賓語補足語時，通常會在賓語補足語前使用形式賓語，而將真正的賓語移至旬末。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“動 詞+it+賓語補足語+不定式（動名詞或從句）”。如：I find it difficult to do the job well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件事不容易。I think it best that you should stay here.我認為你最好住這兒。We think it no use complaining.我們認為抱

25、怨是沒有用的。I find it hard to give up smoking.He feels it his duty to help others.【小結(jié)：6123 口訣 】 “6 個動詞（find, make, feel, think, believe,consider）, 1個形式賓語（it）, 2個賓補（adj, n.）, 3個真賓語（to do sth. doing sth.that 從旬）?！玖硗庾⒁狻縤t做形式賓語的三類特殊句式1,動詞+it+if/when 從句。1 would appreciate it if you could give me some advice.說

26、明能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多，如 appreciate, hate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, prefer 等。2,動詞+介詞+it+that從句。I ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve.說明能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多，能用于此句型的動詞短語有depend on,rely on, count on , see to,insist on, stick to,等。3.動詞+ it +介詞短語+ that-從句。如：I owe it to you t

27、hat I am still alive.多虧有你我才仍然活著。I took it for granted that he would help us.我認為他會幫助我們的。Don bother to arrange anything. Just to leave it to me to sort out.說明能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多，常見的有take it for granted認為想當然；bring it to sb s attention, oweSEtoM于 ； leave it to sb. that 把留給某 人去做；keep it in mind that 記住等。五、it用于強調(diào)

28、句句型：“It is/was +被強調(diào)部分+that/ who +其他部分”。it可以用來對句子的某一成分加以強調(diào)(對主語、賓語、狀語等進行強調(diào)；若要強調(diào)謂語，則 要用do, does, did)。例如對下面句子的各個成分進行強調(diào)：Tom saw your sisterin Beijing last week.It was Tom who saw your sister in Beijing last week.It was your sister who Tom saw in Beijing last week.It was in Beijing that Tom saw your sist

29、er last week.It was last week that Tom saw your sister in Beijing.(Tom did see your sister in Beijing last week)【注】在對時間狀語notuntil結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)時，必須把not與until 一起放到 被強調(diào)的位置上。既：it is /wasnot until that-.(1)I didn t recognizerhuntil she took off her dark glasses.ft was not until she took off her dark glasses that

30、I recognized her.(2)I didn t go to bed until twelve o clock last night.f It was not until twelve o clock last night that I went to bed. 六、與it有關(guān)的常用固定搭配1. make it在口語當中相當于succee昧示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到 達。She feels she finally made it as a singer. I m afraid I cant walk any further. Come on! You can make it.I

31、f we set off now, we should make it to the station before the train goes.2. make it+時間點 表示“就約定在什么時候了”when shall we meet tomorrow morning.lets make it 8:00 at the school gate.3. (1) take it/things easy別緊張（2） believe it or not（3） when it comes to談至U ;就.而論（4） Forget it.沒關(guān)系；別在意；算了吧。（5） It/That （ all/jus

32、t ） depends. 要看情況而定。（6） It doesnt matter 通常用來回應(yīng)別人的道歉. （Never mind 別在意,通常是在別人有過失時讓別人不要在意,是種安慰性的話）（7） Thats it. （口語）完了；沒有了（表示某個情況已經(jīng)結(jié)束）；做得對。4. It makes no/mu（h difference 沒W /有區(qū)另1It s doesn t make much difference my btheeinreg. 我在不在那兒沒有什么影 響?！眷柟叹毩曇弧縄 單項選擇：1. The road conditions there turned out to be v

33、ery good, was more than we couldexpect.A. itB. whatC. whichD. that2. was most improtant to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As3. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. It B. What C. As D. Which4. Isn t it amazing how the humn body h_e_a_

34、ls_ after an injury?A. himself B. him C. itself D. it5. Our neighbours gave a baby bird yesterday that hurt when it fell fron itsnest.A. us; it B. us; itself C. ourselves; itself D. ourselves; it6. -Have you heard the latest news?-No, What ?A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those7 .-There is s

35、till a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?- No, I d rathbeury in the bookstore.A. it;one B.one;one C.one;it D. it;it8 .The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than in thenewspaper.A. itB. those C. oneD. thatII 將下列句子翻譯成英語：1.我們保持身體健康很重要。2.到了我們努力學習的時候了。3.輪到我來

36、照顧年邁的母親了。4.那是我第一次收到你的來信。5.人們認為他的英語很棒。I 1-5 CCBCB 6-10 AADII 1. It is important for us to keep fit.2.It is time for us to study hard./ It is time that we studied hard.3.It is my turn to care for my old mother.4.It is the first time that I have received your letter.5.It is thought that he is good at E

37、nglish.【鞏固練習二】高中英語 It 的用法專項練習題1. Was it during the Second World Warhe died?A.that B.while C.in which D.then2. Is necessary to complete the design before National Day?A.this B.that C.it D.he3. I dont think possible to master a foreign language without much memorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it4. Does matt

38、er if he cant finish the job on time?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it5. It was not she took off her glasses I realized she was a famous filmstar.A.when, that B.until, that C.until, that D.when, then6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected to be much better.A.that B.this C.one D.it7. It was not until

39、1920 regular radio broadcasts began.A.whileB.which C.thatD.since8. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It9. It was only when I reread this poems recently I began to appreciate theirbeauty.A.until B.that C.then D.so10. I hatewhen people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them11. It is