新課標(biāo)高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)　精品

1、新課標(biāo)高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)精品【專家支招】做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問題就是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培養(yǎng)自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類試題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而應(yīng)采取“帶著問題找答案”的方法，先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，對照比較，確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀法外，還可以兼用排除法，將“無此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)排除。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就需要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂貌殚喌姆椒凹记?。查閱是在讀者對材料有所熟悉的情況下進(jìn)行的，它的特點(diǎn)是帶著問題去尋求答案，它往往與略讀

2、綜合使用。第一招直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題答案與原文掛鉤，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往與原文中的語句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題需要通過有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換，利用主要事實(shí)、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間等關(guān)系將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的判斷，此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)。其常見命題方式有：1、特殊疑問句形式。以what, who, when, where, which, how much / many 等引出的問題；2、是非題。通常以true / false, not true / false 提問以及以according t

3、o the text 開頭；3、填空題。通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；4、就文中數(shù)字、排序、識圖等提問。第二招 略讀材料，大概了解全文，掌握其中心或主旨。第三招 按文章的體裁，如記敘文、說明文和議論文等及作者寫作的組織模式和有關(guān)的信息詞，如for example, first, second 等預(yù)測應(yīng)該到何處尋求自己所需要的事實(shí)。段落的組織形式常見的有時(shí)間型段落、空間型段落、列舉型段落、例證型段落、程序型段落和對比型段落等。如時(shí)間型段落和空間型段落要憑借表達(dá)時(shí)間和空間的信息詞按時(shí)間和空間的組織形式進(jìn)行查讀，尋找有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。第四招 將精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上，快速通篇跳讀，眼睛自左至右，自上

4、而下呈z型掃讀，直到找到含細(xì)節(jié)句子時(shí)，就要放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對、比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。第五招了解細(xì)節(jié)題干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)也能有助于提高答題的正確率。一般情況下，干擾項(xiàng)有以下五個(gè)特點(diǎn)：是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；符合常識，但不是文內(nèi)容；與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似，只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)；在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。值得一提的是，有時(shí)原文中的信息可能只是一個(gè)短語甚至一個(gè)單詞，因此需要我們閱讀中格外仔細(xì)才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。【試題分析】1、直接信息理解題細(xì)節(jié)的直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對客觀的事實(shí)作出解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要的細(xì)節(jié)，在必要的

5、時(shí)候（做判斷、推論或結(jié)論的時(shí)候）能準(zhǔn)確而迅速地將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住關(guān)鍵信息，直接得出答案。有時(shí)需要詞句意的轉(zhuǎn)換理解，將獲得的信息用同義或近義的形式復(fù)述出來。nmet設(shè)計(jì)了許多這樣的同義轉(zhuǎn)換理解題，具體的要求是為閱讀材料中某些詞匯、短語及句型找到正確的釋義。例如：2008陜西省西工大附中第三次模擬試題閱讀理解b篇：the world trade organization (wto), founded on january 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as possible, making sur

6、e that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes can be settled.in the five years since its founding, the wto has become well known as one of the worlds most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the world bank and international money fund.the system of global rules

7、for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the general agreement on tariffs and trade was formed after world war ii.as time went by, is became clear that the gatt had two major drawbacks-the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settl

8、e disputes. after seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called uruguay round finally give birth to the wto, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property.even after seven years of talks and 22, 500 pages of agreeme

9、nts, there were still problems, especially the difficulty to deal with areas of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to revise in 2007, the wto, with its head office in geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.總述：本文主要介紹了世貿(mào)組織的演變過程，即由最初的關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定，到后來的烏拉圭回合談判，到1995年1月1日成立的世

10、貿(mào)組織，其演變經(jīng)歷了大半個(gè)世紀(jì)，使其成為世界上最大的國際經(jīng)濟(jì)組織。45. from the passage we know that the gatt stopped working _.a. soon after world war ii ended b. a little more than 50 years after world war ii c. just in the year 1994 d. seven years before the uruguay round talk46. compared with the gatt, the wto _.a. didnt pay eno

11、ugh attention to services and intellectual propertyb. got its members to sign the agreements more easilyc. has got to many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectivelyd. can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade47. in the new century the wto will _.a. tak

12、e the place of the world bank and international monetary fundb. have more members and settle more problemsc. make complete new rules in every area of international traded. have new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property本文后的這三個(gè)題都是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。其中45題，由文第五段中，after seven years of trade talks

13、 ending in 1994, the so-called uruguay round finally give birth to the wto作為原句，因此先c。 46題仍由文第五段原句complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property。可以看出選d。 47題問的是“在新世紀(jì)，世貿(mào)組織將如何？”由文中第六段最后一句the wto, with its head office in geneva, has

14、135 members with 30 more waiting to join.可知選b。第六招利用上下文語境線索任何一篇文中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。例如：1. charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “weve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to te

15、nerife,” she explains. “that was before the euro, so we put pesetas in.”the underlined wore “pesetas” in paragraph 2 is a kind of _.a. story b. collection c. inspiration d. foreign coin分析：本題正確答案為d。由原文中的euro（歐元，歐洲統(tǒng)一貨幣）可推知該詞是一種在歐元發(fā)行前使用的錢幣。2. in 1963 a schoolboy called andrew wiles reading in his schoo

16、l library came across the worlds greatest mathematical 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a french woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the ecole pol

17、ytechnique.which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?a. to encourage people to raise questions. b. to cause difficulty in understanding.c. to provide a person with an explanation.d. to limit peoples imagination.分析：本題正確答案為b。 從短文中對fermats last theo

18、rem一書的介紹中有the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds一句，句中兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞baffled 和beaten ,意義相同，加強(qiáng)語氣，從beat的本意就可以猜測出baffled 為“使（某人）困惑，難倒”。3. today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. without

19、 these, none of us could survive. houng turned down donations from others. he said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work. 2008浙江紹興市高三4月教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測卷42. the underlined word “donation” in paragraph 3 probably means _.a. invitation to give a speech b. something, especially gi

20、ven to help othersc. questions asked by interviewers d. chances to be a hero分析：由本段可以看出：洪家里很窮，但他拒絕別人對他的“donation”，他說他很感謝人們好心的饋贈(zèng)，但他能夠靠打工的錢來養(yǎng)活自己和妹妹，由此可以判斷出donation和后文的offer，是近義詞，也是饋贈(zèng)之意。因此選b。第七招利用定義和解釋性線索閱讀文中的有些生詞尤其是新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)及科普類文章中的生詞，往往在其后有對該詞進(jìn)行解釋方明性的短語或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refe

21、r to, to mean, in other words等，有時(shí)也以同位語、定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)，或用破折號、括弧來表示。留心閱讀就可以斷定它們的意思。例如：1. the elder learn to master the internet and to overcome what lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.分析：根據(jù)句意，maladies of the institutionalized應(yīng)和后面的解釋意思

22、相同，綜合后面的內(nèi)容可得知其意為：“（老年）綜合癥”。2. some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (軍用物資),while others carried only passengers.分析：such as 后所列舉物品均屬“貨物”，由此推斷cargo的意思與之相同，和后句中的passengers形成對比。3. scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin from it in o

23、rder to make antibiotics, that is , substances that kill germs. 分析：從that is 后的解釋可看出antibiotics 是一種能殺死細(xì)菌的物質(zhì)（抗生素）。4. marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.分析：從marine biology 后的同位語可知，marine biology是一門研究海洋動(dòng)植物及其關(guān)系的

24、學(xué)科。5. yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.分析：從后面的定語從句解釋可看出，shoplifter為在“商店里偷東西的人”。第八招利用因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系的語境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such that 等連詞體現(xiàn)。1. answer the following

25、questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in new orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.what does the

26、word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?dont give me that jazz, for i am a practical person.a. rhythmic beats. b. a type of music. c. a kind of dance. d. meaningless talk.分析：本題正確答案為d。從后面的原因for i am a practical person可知，說話的人說自己是一個(gè)講究實(shí)際的人，因此，他或她讓對方不要說空話。2. the biggest power failure happened yesterda

27、y. all of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.分析：melted “溶化”。既然停電，必然造成冰激凌和冷凍食品的“溶化”。3. he ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at karen and todd until they sat up. then he helped each other out of the house to the safety of the garden. there, his sister and brother, takin

28、g short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn.分析：collapsed“癱倒”。經(jīng)過一番艱難脫險(xiǎn)之后，他們呼吸短促，咳嗽不斷，最終“癱倒”在草坪上。第九招利用對比線索有時(shí)文章作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，會(huì)用一對反義詞揭示事物的不同點(diǎn)，形成鮮明的對比，這時(shí)只要把握其中的一詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義，這時(shí)句中多見unlike; although; but; yet; while; on the contrary; on the other hand; for one thing; for another; instead of

29、; rather than等信息詞。1. “unlike vitamin c, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. they must be carefully cultivated.”the underlined word “cultivated”(paragraph 1) roughly means _.a. encouraged b. compared c. examined d. developed分析：本題正確答案為d。 從上句的對比可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力不是swallowed down,而是慢慢培養(yǎng)的。2. one idea a

30、bout business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. quite the reverse , business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.which of the following can be used in place of “quite the reverse”?a. quite right. b. time enough. c. most u

31、nlikely d. just the opposite.分析：由前句中perfect information到后imperfect information這一組對比關(guān)系的詞，我們不難推斷應(yīng)表示“對比、相反”的意思，因此答案應(yīng)選d。3. thousands of people got stuck in lifts. but no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories.分析：被困在電梯中，應(yīng)該是“慌張”，“不安”。but引出轉(zhuǎn)折，“我們講故事消磨時(shí)間”，因此panicked應(yīng)為“慌張、驚恐”之意。4. unlike the unite

32、states where many different nationalities make up the population, japans population is quite homogeneous.分析：文unlike表明日本和美國在人口組成方面不同，由此可見，homogeneous與many different nationalities 意義相反，即of the same nationality,“單一民族的”。第十招利用同義線索和同等關(guān)系同義詞替換可以為我們推測詞義提供明顯的語境線索。一些常見的引出同義詞的標(biāo)志性詞語有 or, like, similarly等。同等關(guān)系是指一

33、個(gè)詞、一組詞或短語在句中作同一成分，而且他們的詞義屬一范疇。只要我們認(rèn)識其中一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞或短語，即可確定同等關(guān)系中生詞的詞性，作用和大概意思。1. millions of animals die each year on us roads, the federal highway administration reports. in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the us today. the main reason? roadkill.分析：從后面的同謂語an endangered wild ca

34、t可知“ocelot”是一種野生貓。2. mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.分析：句中mansion應(yīng)和church, battle site, theatre and other public halls 的詞義同屬“建筑物或場所”這一范疇。3. we should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, of they will make our speech si

35、lly and vulgar.分析：句中vulgar應(yīng)和silly 意義相近，“粗俗的，庸俗的”。第十一招利用例證性線索 某些冷僻的詞匯后會(huì)舉一個(gè)例子，使詞匯具體易懂。such as, like, for example, for instance等連接性詞語往往用來列舉說明前面較難理解的名詞。1. you can take any of the periodicals: the world of english, foreign language teaching in school, of english learning.分析：通過后面的舉例：英語世界，中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)，英語學(xué)習(xí)，說明pe

36、riodicals為“期刊雜志”。2. many united nations employees are polyglots: mr. simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.分析：通過例舉mr. simpson一人通曉五國語言，說明許多聯(lián)合國雇員都是“通曉多國語言”。第十二招根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法 閱讀中常會(huì)遇到一些由所熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞，可利用構(gòu)詞法知識來推測其意思。教學(xué)大綱已經(jīng)明確地將構(gòu)詞法列在語法附表中，因此利用所學(xué)構(gòu)詞法生成的詞不應(yīng)被認(rèn)定為生詞。1. exhibition officials said that a pe

37、rson bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：anti-poison是由poison加前綴anti-構(gòu)成的，anti-意思是“反對、排斥、抵抗 ”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。2. although simplified chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people lik

38、e chinese characters in the complex form.分析：simplified跟simple是同根詞，帶有-ed顯然是過去分詞形式的形容詞。許多年以前我們采用了什么跟“簡單”有關(guān)的漢字呢？不難想到是“簡化的”漢字。第十三招注意熟詞生義英語中大量的詞匯具有多義性，其含義并非完全等同于詞典所標(biāo)注的漢語意思，具體的詞義需要在一定的上下文中體現(xiàn)出來。閱讀理解中的熟悉詞生義比生詞本身的障礙要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考對生詞的數(shù)量有量的規(guī)定，不得超過3%；其二，熟悉詞生義很容易引起考生的誤解；其三，熟悉詞生義的數(shù)量沒有限制。如果這種現(xiàn)象在一篇文章中出現(xiàn)得多，那就更難理解了。

39、下題中劃線的詞可換為：1. new york, 10 november, 5:27 p.m.,yesterday. biggest power failure in the citys history.a. enough b. not passing c. lack of d. lack分析：本題正確答案為d。failure是fail 變來的名詞，有“失??；失敗者；失敗的事”的意思。本句power failure可翻譯為“停電”。再如：crop failure“莊稼欠收”；heart failure“心力衰竭”。2. a bike tour and race will be held in a

40、ugust 26 and 27. at 5:30 a .m. , the riders will leave tianan men square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training lge . then the next 55 kilometers from yanjiao to jixian, will be the first competitive part for the tour.a. race b. practice c. part of the training d. part of the tour分析：本題正確答案為d

41、。從first 35 kilometers可看出，自行車賽車手從天安門出發(fā)，開始的三十五公里作為賽程的一部分，從后句legwill be part of the tour也可確定答案為d。第十四招根據(jù)常識或經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測詞義在閱讀中碰到生詞時(shí)，我們有時(shí)可以運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力、自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及生活常識去推斷生詞的含義。當(dāng)然也要結(jié)合語境。1. rainforests like the amazon are important for mopping up co2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.the underlined ph

42、rase “mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _.a. cleaning up b. taking in c. wiping out d. giving up分析：本題正確答案為b。由常識可知，雨林可以“吸收”空氣中co2。所以mop up 意為“吸收、吸納”，故選b。另外根據(jù)下文currently the trees in the amazon take in around 500 million tones of co2 each year 也可推知答案。2. she walked quietly to the small room by

43、 the lift and took a mop . she pushed past the desk and as the nurse looked up. mum nodded and said, “very dirty floor.” 分析：從文中可看出，母親用mop從桌子前面擦過去，還說了一句“地板真臟”。不言而喻mop的詞義是“拖把”。第十五招利用詞性轉(zhuǎn)化1. the most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature with the basic tools th

44、ey had.分析：此處picture為動(dòng)詞，“使腦海中出現(xiàn)圖畫”即“描繪”.在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上，分析它的新詞性，并結(jié)合原詞含義發(fā)揮便理想象，從而概括抽象出它的新詞義。3. the aging of the population will affect american society in many ways-education, medicine, and business.the underlined work “aging” means _.a. counting the number of years someone livesb. the numbers of years some

45、one livesc. becoming olderd. making someone looking older分析：本題正確答案為c。我們熟悉的是age作名詞用時(shí)是“年齡”的意思，而此處是作動(dòng)詞用，意思是“老化”。怎樣理解段落及文章整體的主旨大意【專家支招】文章是由段落組成的，段落的主題是段落的中心思想。而就一篇文章而言，具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體的中心思想服務(wù)的，尋找中心思想的方法是：通過分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出每小段的主題句，進(jìn)而通過主題句找出文章主題，主題句通常有這樣的特點(diǎn)：有一個(gè)題；闡述控制性概念。主題句偶爾也可在一段文章中間；有的文章無明顯主題句，主題句陷含在段意之中，這就需要讀

46、者進(jìn)一步加工概括了。第一招在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過尋找短文的主題句來歸納出文章的主題。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開頭、中間、結(jié)尾（含在開頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句）。因此仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨大意類試題多采用瀏覽法。瀏覽時(shí)，一般不需逐句瀏覽，只需選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重點(diǎn)搜索主題線索和主題信息。有些文章的主題句或者說“文眼”出現(xiàn)在文章的最后，此類文章往往以列舉事實(shí)開頭，通過論證，最后闡述核心觀點(diǎn)，或者引用某個(gè)人的話印證自己的觀點(diǎn)，以此歸納文章的主旨大意，所以有時(shí)要找出這樣的信息，從中提煉標(biāo)題或

47、歸納大意。例如：河北唐山市高三第二次模擬考試題e篇：in recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. but do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? there is evidence to suggest that whil

48、e variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable, it doesnt actually make him work harder. as far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor.other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt

49、 that this is true. the problem was that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in fixed way. thus freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it .another important consideration is how much each worker contributed to the product he is making. in

50、most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. it would seem that not only is the degree of

51、workers contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we do something about.to what extent more money led to greater productivity? the workers themselves certainly think this is important. but perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. money just lets

52、them enjoy their spare time more. a similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.59. in this passage, the author mainly talks abou

53、t _.a. how to make the workers contribute moreb. possible ways leading to greater productivityc. to what extent more money leads to greater productivityd. how to make workers jobs more interesting分析：本文就如何能使工人們的工作效率得到提高而進(jìn)行討論。根據(jù)作者文中所提到的觀點(diǎn)，就工人們的工作效率問題專家們提到了很多不同的觀點(diǎn)，如使工作多樣化、給工人們更多的自由時(shí)間、使工人們意識到自己工作的重要性以及增

54、加工資等等，而作者的觀點(diǎn)是盡可能地使工作更有趣，以吸引工人的興趣，從而達(dá)到提高生產(chǎn)效率的目的，因此59題的正確答案應(yīng)該是b，即提高工人們工作效率的措施的方法。第二招抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。在這個(gè)過程中，考生們不能只依據(jù)只言片語，或光看文章的某一些段落，而應(yīng)該觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章的重點(diǎn)，考慮文章中材料及支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是服務(wù)于什么的，分析故事的發(fā)展結(jié)局都是圍繞什么中心來安排的。最后用簡明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達(dá)出來。即不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。例如：2008石家

55、莊市高中畢業(yè)班第二次模擬考試卷a篇：many people think a telephone is essential. but i think its a pest and a time waster. very often you find it impossible to escape from some idle or curious chatterbox, or from somebody who wants something for nothing. if you have a telephone in your own house, you will admit that i

56、t tends to ring when you are asleep, of in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out, or when you are taking your bath. are you strong-minded enough to ignore it, to say to yourself, “ah, well, it will all be the same in a hundred years time?” you are not. you think ther

57、e are maybe some important news or messages for you . i can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. havent you ever rushed dripping from the bath, or chewing from the table, or dazed from the bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number?but you will sa

58、y, you need not have your name printed in the telephone directory, and you can have a telephone which is only unable for outgoing calls. besides you will say, isnt it important to have a telephone in case of emergency-illness, an accident, or fire? of course you are right, but here in a thickly populated country like england, one is seldom far from a telephone in cas