人教版高一英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)必修3Unit1語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、Modal Verb IModal Verb I情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 Unit 1 Grammar 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情或 語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。表示表示“需要、可以、必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)需要、可以、必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。等。 什么是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？什么是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？ (Modal Verbs)(Modal Verbs)Underline the modal verbs Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather. It is now a childrens

2、 festival, when they can dress up If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.8/18/20213Underline the modal verbsIn European countries, people will usually decorate churches She would never forget him.At the Spring Festival in China, people may give children luck

3、y money in red paper. 8/18/20214情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ),后接動(dòng)詞原形。后接動(dòng)詞原形。（除（除ought to; have to外）外） 2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有 些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（如些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（如can, will）有一般式）有一般式 和過(guò)去式的變化。和過(guò)去式的變化。Modal Verb IModal Verb I may/might can/could will/would shall/should must/cant8/18/20216 can的主要用法是

4、：的主要用法是： 1. 表示能力表示能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. 2. 表示說(shuō)話者的推測(cè)表示說(shuō)話者的推測(cè)事物的可能性事物的可能性: eg. Can the news be true? 3. 在口語(yǔ)中在口語(yǔ)中, 表示請(qǐng)求或允許：表示請(qǐng)求或允許： eg. Can I sit here? can和和couldcould的主要用法的主要用法： 1. could -can的過(guò)去式的過(guò)去式, 表示與過(guò)去表示與過(guò)去 有關(guān)的能力或推測(cè)有關(guān)的能力或推測(cè): eg. I can speak fluent English now , but I couldnt last

5、year. 2. could可以代替可以代替can表示請(qǐng)求表示請(qǐng)求, 但語(yǔ)氣較但語(yǔ)氣較can客氣、委婉客氣、委婉: eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike? 用用could 提問(wèn)，答語(yǔ)用提問(wèn)，答語(yǔ)用can （即：（即：could 不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的答語(yǔ)中）不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的答語(yǔ)中） -Could I borrow your pen? -yes, you can.can和和be able to辨析辨析can(could)和和be able to都可以表示能力，意思都可以表示能力，意思上沒(méi)有區(qū)別。但上沒(méi)有區(qū)別。但ca

6、n只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式，只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式，而而be able to則有更多的形式則有更多的形式。如：。如： Those bags look really heavy, are you sure youll be able to carry them on your own?2021年8月18日星期三10may和和might may 的用法：的用法：1. 表示請(qǐng)求、允許表示請(qǐng)求、允許（比比can較為正式較為正式） eg. May I come in ? You may go now.用用may 提問(wèn)，否定回答用提問(wèn)，否定回答用 must not (mustnt) 禁止、阻止禁止、阻止 had b

7、etter not 最好別最好別 may not 不可以不可以 May I smoke here?Yes, you may. No, you mustnt No, youd better not. No, you may not.8/18/202112 2. 表示說(shuō)話人的猜測(cè)（肯定句和否定句）表示說(shuō)話人的猜測(cè)（肯定句和否定句） 含有含有“也許也許”“大概大概” “可能可能”之意。之意。 My friend may arrive this afternoon. 3. 表示祝愿表示祝愿; 但語(yǔ)氣較正式但語(yǔ)氣較正式: eg. May you succeed! May you have a good

8、journey!might 的用法的用法may 的過(guò)去時(shí)，表示可能性時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣的過(guò)去時(shí)，表示可能性時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣顯得更加不確定。顯得更加不確定。My friend might arrive this afternoon.8/18/202114will和和would Question: will/would 是助動(dòng)詞還是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？是助動(dòng)詞還是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？ will 構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)-助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞。 表示表示“意志意志”“”“決心決心”“”“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求”-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例：例： I will tell you something important. 我要告訴你一件重要的事情我要告訴你一件重要的事情。

9、（助動(dòng)詞）（助動(dòng)詞） Will you tell her that Im here? 請(qǐng)您告訴她說(shuō)我在這兒，好嗎？請(qǐng)您告訴她說(shuō)我在這兒，好嗎？（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） will 和和 would的用法的用法1、表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，用于第二人稱、表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，用于第二人稱 （用（用would比比will委婉）委婉） Will you please take a message for him? Would you please tell me your telephone number?2021年8月18日星期三16 2.表示習(xí)慣或傾向，表示習(xí)慣或傾向， 意為意為“總是總是”，“習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于”。

10、 eg: Fish will die without water. People will talk. (人們總會(huì)說(shuō)閑話。人們總會(huì)說(shuō)閑話。) When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.shall和和shouldshall 用法用法 表征求意見(jiàn)，用于一、三人稱表征求意見(jiàn)，用于一、三人稱 ， （疑問(wèn)句）（疑問(wèn)句） Shall we go by train, Mom? Shall he attend the meeting?shall和和shouldshall 用法用法 2.用于二用于二 、三人稱、三

11、人稱 的陳述句中，表威脅、的陳述句中，表威脅、警告、命令、允諾等語(yǔ)氣警告、命令、允諾等語(yǔ)氣 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. You shall do as I say. If your children dont do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. （警告）（警告）(命令命令)(威脅威脅) should 用法用法應(yīng)該應(yīng)該=ought to （勸告、建議）（勸告、建議） You should study hard. You should read his new book.2

12、. 表估計(jì)，可譯為表估計(jì)，可譯為“按理應(yīng)當(dāng)按理應(yīng)當(dāng)”、“估計(jì)估計(jì)”。 Try phoning Robert, he should be home now. should 用法用法3. 用于第一人稱，詢問(wèn)意愿，語(yǔ)氣溫和委婉用于第一人稱，詢問(wèn)意愿，語(yǔ)氣溫和委婉 Should I trust him? What should I do now?4. 萬(wàn)一，用在萬(wàn)一，用在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，表示一件事引導(dǎo)的條件句中，表示一件事聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能。聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能。或直接用于句首。或直接用于句首。If I should be free tomorrow, Ill c

13、ome.Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come. should 用法用法5. “居然居然”，“竟然竟然”,表說(shuō)話人意料之外。表說(shuō)話人意料之外。 To my surprise, he should be a thief. Why should everyone want to marry Tony?must的主要用法的主要用法 1. 必須，應(yīng)該。必須，應(yīng)該。 語(yǔ)氣比語(yǔ)氣比should，ought to 強(qiáng)烈。強(qiáng)烈。 eg: Everybody must obey the law. You mustnt drive so fast in the street. 2.

14、 表示有把握的猜測(cè)。表示有把握的猜測(cè)?！耙欢ㄒ欢ā薄ⅰ皽?zhǔn)是準(zhǔn)是”結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：must be eg: He must be an honest boy. 用用must 提問(wèn)，回答方式提問(wèn)，回答方式 肯定回答：肯定回答：yes, please / Im afraid so 否定回答否定回答 ：neednt / dont have to -Must I come back before ten? -No， you neednt.表猜測(cè)的否定或疑問(wèn)句用表猜測(cè)的否定或疑問(wèn)句用can/could,不不用用mustnt. If Mary didnt leave here until 5:00, she ca

15、nt be home yet. -_ I go out to play, mum? -No, you_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustntExerciseExercise 2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may3. The room

16、is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would be4. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 1 Children under 12 years of age in that country _

17、be under adult supervision when in a public library. (2004 上海）上海） A. must B. may C. can D. need2 Whats the name？ Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you？（？（2006 北京）北京） A. Might B. Would C. Can D. Shall 3 Some aspects of a pilots job_ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. （2006 湖南）湖南） A. can；have to B. may；can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 4 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006 江西）江西） A should have taken B could have taken C neednt have taken D mustnt have ta