Savingtheearth（TheFifthPeriod）精品文檔

1、saving the earth（the fifth period）thefifthperiodinversionteachingaim:learnandmastertheuseofinversion.teachingimportantpoint:helptilestudentstomakeasummaryofallkindsofinversion.teachingdifficultpoint:helpthestudentsknowinwhichcasesfullinversionisusedandinwhichcasespartialinversionisused.teachingmetho

2、ds:revision;summary;explanationandinductivemethods.teachingaids:aprojectorandtheblackboardteachingprocedures:stepgreetingsgreetthewholeclassasusual.stepiirevisionandlead-int:inunit9,wevelearntsomesentencesininvertedword-order.now,illshowyousomesentencesonthescreen.pleasetellwhichareinnaturalornormal

3、word-orderandwhichareininvertedword-order.lookatthescreenandcomparethemcarefully.outrushedtheboy.theboyrushedout.onlyinthiswaycanweloseweight.wecanloseweightonlyinthisway.t:whocantelluswhichareinnormalword-order?s:iknow.thesecondsentenceineachpairisinnormalword-order.t:howdoyouknow?s:ifthepredicatec

4、omesafterthesubject,itisinnormalword-order.t:verygood.sothefirstsentenceineachpairisininvertedword-order.inthefirstpair,thewholepredicateofthefirstsentencecomesbeforethesubject,inthesecondpair,partofthepredicateofthefirstsentencecomesbeforethesubject.now,pleaselookatthescreen.word-ordernaturalword-o

5、rder:s+vinvertedword-orderv+sauxiliary/modal+s+vstephisummaryandexplanationt:ifthepredicateverbisplacedbeforethesubject,thesentenceissaidtobeininvertedword-order.suchaword-orderiscalledinversion.weuseinversionfortworeasons.onefortheneedofthegrammaticalstructureofagiventypeofsentence,theotherforempha

6、sisofacertainpartofasentence.inversionhappensinquestions,andinanumberofothercases.therearetwomainkindsofinversion.insomecasesthewholeverbcomesbeforethesubject.thiskindofinversioniscalledfullinversion.andinmostcases,anauxiliaryverboramodalverbcomesbeforethesubjectandtherestofthepredicateverbcomesafte

7、r.iftheresnoauxiliaryormodalverb,“do”“does”or“did”shouldbeadded.thiskindofinversioniscalledpartialinversion.now,letsmakeasummaryoftheinvertedcases.pleaselookatthescreen.inthesecases,thewholepredicatecomesbeforethesubject.intheconstructiontherebeforexistencee.g.therearesomebooksonthetable.theresaboyi

8、ntheclassroom.note:someotherverbscanbeusedwith“there”besides“tobe”,suchas:live,exist,remain,come,arise,appear,enter,followandsoon.e.g.therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.thereremainsnothingtobedone.2.whenthesentencebeginswithoneoftheadverbs,suchashere,there,now,then,out,away,up,down,off,back,over.e.g

9、,theregoesthebell!inrushedthechildren.note:whenthesubjectisapersonalpronoun,inversioncantbeused.e.g.therehecomes.outheran.3.whenthesentencebeginswith“such”forreferringback,whichmeanspersonorthingofaspecialkind.e.g.suchwasalberteinstein.sucharethefacts.note:thepredicatemustagreewiththesubjectafteriti

10、npersonandnumber.4.whenthesentencebeginswithalongadverbialexpressionofplace,especiallyaprepositionalphrasedenotingplace.e.g.betweenthetwobuildingsstandsatalltree.southofthecityliesasteelfactory.note:someintransitiveverbslike“come”“l(fā)ie”“stand”“walk”oftenfollowaftertheadverbialexpressionsofplace.5.the

11、wholeorpartofthedirectspeechisplacedatthebeginning,followedbyverbsofreportinglike“answeredjohn”“saidtheoldlady”,whichtellyouwhospokeorhowtheyspoke.e.g.“help!”shoutedtheboy.“ivehadenough,”saidjohn.note:whenthesubjectisapronoun,theverbnormallycomesafterit.e.g.“youare,”ianswered.whentheverbofreportingi

12、sfollowedbyanindirectobjectoranadverbial,theverbnormallycomesafterthesubject,invertedword-orderisimpossiblee.g.“why?”theteacheraskedhim.“both,sir.”heansweredproudly.6.tobalancethesentencestructureortolinkthesentenceclosely.e.g.theyreachedafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.insidethepyramidsarether

13、oomsforthebodiesofthekingsandqueens.note:payattentiontothe“agreement”.t:inthefollowingcases,partofthepredicatecomesbeforethesubject.lookatthescreen.toavoidrepetition,“so,neithernor”canbeplacedatthebeginningofasentencewhichsaysthatpeoplearethesameasothersthathavejustbeenmentioned.e.g.-mymotherisillth

14、isweek.-soismysister.-icantspeakfrench.-norcani.-myhusbandnevertouchesadrying-upcloth.-neitherdoesmine.note:“so”canalsobeusedinadifferentsense,tointroducesurprisedagreementwithwhathasbeensaid,whichmeans“yes,indeed!yourequiteright.”inthiscase,thesamesubjectismentioned.inversionisnotused.e.g.-thatsisa

15、bel,look!-soitis.2.insentencesbeginningwithnegativeexpressionslikenever,seldomhardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,little,not,nowhere,bynomeans,innoway,at!notime,neither.e.g.hardlydoithinkitpossible.bynomeansshallwegiveup.neitherwilltheorydowithoutpractice;norwillpracticedowithouttheory.note:when“l(fā)ittle”wh

16、ichdoespressnegativeisusedasanadjectivebeforethesubject,naturalword-orderisused.e.g.littlefranzoftenplayedtruant.3.insentencestructureslike“notonly,but;nosoonerthan;hardly/scarcelywhen;notuntil;sothat;suchthat”.e.g.notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetolosingourlives.hardlyhadiarrivedwheni

17、hadanewproblemtocopewith.nountilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowserioustheproblemwas.sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.note:inallthesesentences,inversionhappensinthemainclause,notinthesubordinateclause.4.when“only”isusedtomodifyanadverbialwhichisplacedatth

18、ebeginningofthesentence.e.g.onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.onlythendidirealizethatiwaswrong.note:when“only”isusedforemphasisofasubject,normalword-orderisused.e.g.onlyjohnknowstheanswer.5.insomespecialformsofunrealconditionalclauses,when“if”isleftout,thestructure“werei”areusedinsteadof“ifiwere”.thatistos

19、ay,inversioncanbeusedinsteadof“if”.e.g.wereheherenow,couldaskhim.shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.hadyounothelpedme,idhavefailed.note:iftheresno：“were”“had”or“should”intheunrealconditionalclauses,inversioncantbeused.6.inquestionse.g.haveyouseenjohn?note:inversionisnotalwaysusedinquestions.likethefollo

20、wingcases:inaspecialquestion,ifthesubjectisexpressedormodifiedbyaninterrogativeword,thesubjectcomesbeforethepredicate.e.g.whathappenedtomary?howmanypeoplearelisteningtothelecture?insomeothercases:e.g.youveseenjohn?iwonderedwhetherhedseenjohn.7.insentencesexpressing“blessing”or“concession”.e.g.mayyou

21、succeed!mayyougainstillgreatersuccess!costwhatitmay,illstickitout.note:in“l(fā)onglivethepeople!”,inversionisusedwiththewholeverbforet:now,letslookatthescreen,theresanotherkindofinversionyoushouldremember.inanadverbialclauseintroducedby“as”or“though”.structure:predicativeadverbial+as+subject+verbe.g.muc

22、hasilikeit,1willnotbuyit.tryasshemight,shefailed.childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.note:whentheadverbialclauseisintroducedby“though”,invertedandnaturalword-orderarebothpossible.e.g.thoughsheisyoung,sheknowsalot.youngthoughsheis,sheknowsalot.whenthepredicativeisacountablenouninsingular,“a”or“an”shouldb

23、eleftout.e.g.heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings.stepivpracticeandconsolidationt:now,letsdosomeexercises.pleaselookatthescreen.finishthembyyourselffirstandthencheckyouranswersinpairs.ichoosethebestanswers:.ifyoudontgothere,_.a.sowontib.nordoic.neithershallid.sodonti2.-hehaspassedtheexam.-_.a.sohaveib.s

24、oihavec.ihavesod.sodidi3.hardlythebusstationwhenthebusstarted.a.hasshearrivedatb.hadreachedshec.didshearriveatd.hadshereached4.itrain,thecropswouldbesaved.a.weretob.wouldc.shouldd.could5.listen!¬_.a.therethebellgoesb.thebellgoestherec.thebellgoesthered.theregoesthebell6.atnotime_beatstudent.a.te

25、acherscantb.iwillteachersc.teacherswillnotd.cantteachers7.notuntil7:00_.a.hegotupb.hedidntgetupc.didhegetupd.didnthegetup8.thefilm,1wouldhavetoldyousomethingaboutit.a.haveiseenb.hadiseenc.shouldiseed.ihadseen9.afterthatweneversawheragain,norfromher.a.didwehearb.weheardc.hadweheardd.wehaveheard0.heis

26、unhappy,_.a.soissheb.neitherisshec.soisnthed.norisntshesuggestedanswers:5cadcd610bcbaaii.choosethebestanswers:.-doyouknowjimquarreledwithhisbrother?-idontknow,a.nordonticareb.nordo1carec.idontcare,neitherd.1dontcarealso2.notuntilibegantowork_howmuchtimeihadwasted.a.didnt1realizeb.didirealizec.ididnt

27、realized.irealized3.littleabouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.a.doeshecareb.didhecarec.hecaresd.hecared4.notonlypollutedbut_crowded.a.wastilecity;werethestreetsb.thecitywas;werethestreetsc.wasthecity;thestreetswered.thecitywas;thestreetswere5.sothatnofishcanliveinit.a.thelakeisshallowb.shallowthelakeisc.shallowisthelaked.isthelakeshallow6.“itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.”“mygod!_”a.sodidib.soididc.sowereyoud.sodidyou7.-d