Languagepoints高中英語(yǔ)選修8Unit2概要

1、第1部分單詞1.Differ 2. undertake著手做著手做, 從事從事, 進(jìn)行進(jìn)行; 擔(dān)任擔(dān)任, 承擔(dān)承擔(dān), 答應(yīng)答應(yīng), 同意同意3. Object vi反對(duì)反對(duì) n.4. obtain, get & gain 得到5. Forbid 禁止禁止6. Accumulate 積累，堆積積累，堆積第2部分 詞組1. paid off 取得成績(jī)，獲得回報(bào)2. cast down 讓讓 失望失望3. in favor of 贊成贊成1. Think about how they differ. differ vi. Different adj, difference N 常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)

2、有：differ from . 與與不同不同differ in 在在方面不同方面不同differ with sb. on / about / over sth. 與某人在某事上意見(jiàn)不同與某人在某事上意見(jiàn)不同【典型例題【典型例題】Thoughts of Oriental (東方人東方人) differ much _ westerners in a number of ways.A. between B. between those C. from D. from those of【點(diǎn)撥【點(diǎn)撥】此處應(yīng)該用指代的詞，結(jié)構(gòu)和此處應(yīng)該用指代的詞，結(jié)構(gòu)和thoughts of一樣，但用一樣，但用those

3、代替。代替。 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1) Im sorry to differ _ you _ the matter.2) The customs here differ _ those of the south.3) The two girls differ _ language.4) There are many differences _ living in the city and living in the countryside.fromon/ overfrominbetween2. It is a difficult task to undertake. under

4、take vt. 觀(guān)察示例觀(guān)察示例: The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 當(dāng)然當(dāng)然, 這個(gè)過(guò)程很難這個(gè)過(guò)程很難實(shí)施實(shí)施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科學(xué)家科學(xué)家從事從事這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意我愿意承擔(dān)承擔(dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。這些變革的責(zé)任。The lawyer undertook a new case. 那個(gè)律師那個(gè)律師接了接了一個(gè)新的案子。一個(gè)新的案子。underta

5、ke是是_, 主要有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)主要有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng): 著手做著手做, 從事從事, 進(jìn)行進(jìn)行; 擔(dān)任擔(dān)任, 承擔(dān)承擔(dān), 答應(yīng)答應(yīng), 同同意。意。歸納拓展歸納拓展：及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅行).2) He _ _ _ _ (承擔(dān)一承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)新任務(wù)項(xiàng)新任務(wù)).undertooktasknewaaundertakejourney3. , Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections object v. 不贊成不贊成, 反對(duì)反對(duì) n. 物品物品, 目標(biāo)目標(biāo)派生詞派生詞 objec

6、tion n. 不贊成不贊成, 反對(duì)反對(duì)常用搭配常用搭配 object to sth./doing sth. 反對(duì)反對(duì)(做做)某事某事object to sb. 反對(duì)某人反對(duì)某人object that 反對(duì)反對(duì)have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth. 對(duì)對(duì)表示反對(duì)表示反對(duì)raise an objection to (doing) sth. 對(duì)對(duì)提出異議提出異議歸納拓展：歸納拓展：object 作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后接介詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后接介詞_或或_; 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可接作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可接_引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的從句。從句。objection與與have, take,

7、 feel等連用構(gòu)成詞等連用構(gòu)成詞組：組：have objection to take objection tofeel objection totoagainstthat句型轉(zhuǎn)換。句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1) Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _ _ my opening the window?object to2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking.3) “But he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was t

8、oo young.object toobjected4. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, obtain vt. 觀(guān)察示例觀(guān)察示例: Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information. 同時(shí)你將同時(shí)你將獲得獲得大量的知識(shí)。大量的知識(shí)。 She obtained her doctors degree in 1996. 她她1996年年獲得獲得博士學(xué)位。博士學(xué)位。The books can

9、 be obtained from the library. 這些書(shū)可以在圖書(shū)館里這些書(shū)可以在圖書(shū)館里取得取得。His achievement obtained him great fame. 他的成就他的成就使得他獲得使得他獲得很大的名聲很大的名聲。obtain指通過(guò)努力從特定的地方獲得非指通過(guò)努力從特定的地方獲得非常想要的東西。常想要的東西。get指得到的東西不一定跟努力、意志指得到的東西不一定跟努力、意志有關(guān)。有關(guān)。gain指通過(guò)努力取得對(duì)自己有益或有價(jià)指通過(guò)努力取得對(duì)自己有益或有價(jià)值的東西。值的東西。obtain, get & gain 將下列句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。將下列句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。1) S

10、he has obtained a driving licence. _2) He obtained entrance to Beijing University. _她已經(jīng)取得了駕駛執(zhí)照。她已經(jīng)取得了駕駛執(zhí)照。他獲得了北京大學(xué)的入學(xué)資格。他獲得了北京大學(xué)的入學(xué)資格。5. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, forbid vt. 詞義詞義 vt. (to command someone not to do something) 禁止禁止, 不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)反義詞反義詞 all

11、ow 允許允許, 準(zhǔn)許準(zhǔn)許常用搭配常用搭配 forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止禁止(做做)某事某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事 forbid that 禁止禁止 allow sth./doing sth. 允許允許(做做)某事某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事允許某人做某事詞語(yǔ)辯析詞語(yǔ)辯析 forbid, ban, prohibit都含都含“禁止禁止”的意思的意思, 具體區(qū)別如下具體區(qū)別如下:1) forbid是常用詞是常用詞, 指指“命令某人不做命令某人不做某事某事”, 禁止禁止, 不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn), 不許。如

12、：不許。如：The doctor forbids him to smoke. 醫(yī)生禁止他吸煙。醫(yī)生禁止他吸煙。Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏廳內(nèi)不準(zhǔn)吸煙。演奏廳內(nèi)不準(zhǔn)吸煙。2) ban語(yǔ)氣較重，指權(quán)威機(jī)關(guān)語(yǔ)氣較重，指權(quán)威機(jī)關(guān)“正式禁正式禁止止”, (法律上法律上)禁止禁止, 含含“嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)”之之意意,只能用事物作其賓語(yǔ)只能用事物作其賓語(yǔ), 如如:Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器禁止原子武器和核武器!3) prohibit指指“通過(guò)法律或政府法令通過(guò)法律或政府法令”, 如如:Th

13、e soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵不準(zhǔn)離開(kāi)營(yíng)房。天黑后士兵不準(zhǔn)離開(kāi)營(yíng)房。注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng) 1) forbid后不能直接跟后不能直接跟_作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ), 而是跟而是跟_作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ), 但是可以跟不但是可以跟不定式作定式作 _(forbid sb. to do sth.), 類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞還有類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞還有: allow, permit, advise等。等。動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2) forbid后接后接that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí), 從句的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用_,

14、 即即_, should可以省略?？梢允÷?。 原文再現(xiàn)原文再現(xiàn) Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1) He _ (禁止員工吸禁止員工吸煙煙) during office hours.2) Many parents _ _ (禁止他們的孩子獨(dú)自禁止他們的孩子獨(dú)自外出外出) at night.3) Marriage _ (被禁止被禁止) during college time

15、in the past.forbids staff to smoke forbid their children to go out alonewas forbidden6. but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. accumulate vt. 積累，積聚積累，積聚e.g. He accumulated fortune by hard work. 他因努力工作而積蓄了一筆財(cái)

16、富。他因努力工作而積蓄了一筆財(cái)富。 The purpose of education is not just accumulating information. 教育的目的不僅僅是積累知識(shí)。教育的目的不僅僅是積累知識(shí)。vi. 積聚積聚e.g. Dust accumulated during my absence. 我不在期間灰塵積聚了起來(lái)。我不在期間灰塵積聚了起來(lái)。 歸納拓展：歸納拓展： accumulate可作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)可作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，表示詞，表示: 收集收集, 聚集聚集, 堆積。堆積。 accumulation n. 積聚積聚 如如: the accumulation o

17、f knowledge 知識(shí)的積聚知識(shí)的積聚考例考例 Clinical evidence began to _, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate D 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 越來(lái)越多的臨床證據(jù)表明，這些新藥越來(lái)越多的臨床證據(jù)表明，這些新藥的用途比以往在動(dòng)物身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)所預(yù)的用途比以往在動(dòng)物身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)所預(yù)

18、測(cè)到的更廣泛。測(cè)到的更廣泛。operate操作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；操作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；strengthen加強(qiáng)；加強(qiáng)；approve批準(zhǔn)，贊成。批準(zhǔn)，贊成。 完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1) He quickly _ _ _ (積蓄了一大筆財(cái)富積蓄了一大筆財(cái)富).2) Clouds began to _ _ _ _ (在天空中聚集在天空中聚集).largeinaccumulatedfortuneaccumulateskythe1. But at last the determination and patience of scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroug

19、h. pay off 得到好結(jié)果得到好結(jié)果; 取得成功取得成功; 付清付清觀(guān)察觀(guān)察 閱讀下列句子，觀(guān)察閱讀下列句子，觀(guān)察pay off在在句中的意思。句中的意思。1. The house is finished at last. All their hard work has paid off.2. It took them three years to pay off the debt. 歸納歸納 pay off作不及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為作不及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“_”（句（句1）；）；作及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為作及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“_”（句（句2）。）。 得到好結(jié)果得到好結(jié)果，取得成功，取得成功償清償清

20、 詞語(yǔ)聯(lián)想詞語(yǔ)聯(lián)想pay (sb.) back sth. 還還(某人某人)某物某物pay sb. back for sth. 因因而報(bào)復(fù)而報(bào)復(fù)/懲罰某人懲罰某人pay for sth. 付付的錢(qián)；為的錢(qián)；為付出代價(jià)付出代價(jià)pay out 為某事而付出大筆款項(xiàng)為某事而付出大筆款項(xiàng) pay up 付清付清 注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng) pay off 當(dāng)當(dāng)“(努力、辛苦努力、辛苦)得到好結(jié)得到好結(jié)果；果；(事業(yè)、計(jì)劃事業(yè)、計(jì)劃)成功成功”講時(shí)，為講時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。用用pay 相關(guān)短評(píng)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。相關(guān)短評(píng)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。1) Ill _ (還你錢(qián)還你錢(qián))

21、 next month.2) You must _ (為為付出代價(jià)付出代價(jià)) your rude words.3) _ (他努力沒(méi)有白費(fèi)他努力沒(méi)有白費(fèi)) when the manager accepted his proposal.4) She _ 200 yuan _ (付付的錢(qián)的錢(qián)) Toms bike.forpay you backpay forHis efforts paid offpaid2. Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much

22、older animal. 研究克隆的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉得的病更研究克隆的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上，這讓他們?nèi)菀装l(fā)生在年老的羊身上，這讓他們很沮喪。很沮喪。 cast down 使沮喪使沮喪 e.g. Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. 不要這么沮喪不要這么沮喪, 打起精神來(lái)！打起精神來(lái)！歸納拓展：歸納拓展：cast down 毀掉；使沮喪毀掉；使沮喪cast away 丟棄丟棄 cast off 放棄；丟棄放棄；丟棄 cast out 趕走趕走將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。1) 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息他很沮喪。聽(tīng)到

23、這個(gè)消息他很沮喪。_2) 發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。 _ _He was cast down to hear the news. Finding out the truth made him cast down.3. Is it in favour of cloning or against it? in favour of 贊成；支持贊成；支持 e.g. The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team. 比分是比分是80比比78，客隊(duì)，客隊(duì)獲勝獲勝。 The exchange rate is in our fav

24、our today. 今天的兌換率今天的兌換率對(duì)我們有利對(duì)我們有利。拓展拓展其他表示此類(lèi)意思的短語(yǔ)：其他表示此類(lèi)意思的短語(yǔ)：be for 支持支持be against 反對(duì)反對(duì) agree with 同意同意disagree with 不同意；持不同意見(jiàn)不同意；持不同意見(jiàn)thumbs up 翹大拇指，贊揚(yáng)，同意翹大拇指，贊揚(yáng)，同意thumbs down 不贊成，不滿(mǎn)不贊成，不滿(mǎn)將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 你贊成她獨(dú)自一人去那個(gè)村莊嗎？你贊成她獨(dú)自一人去那個(gè)村莊嗎？2. 在昨天的會(huì)議上，我們大家一致贊成在昨天的會(huì)議上，我們大家一致贊成經(jīng)經(jīng)理的建議。理的建議。Are you

25、in favour of her going to the village alone?All of us were in favour of the managers suggestion at yesterdays meeting.1. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their am

26、bitions. 分析分析 a. 本句的主干是本句的主干是_。b. although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，needed for cloning research是過(guò)去分詞是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作短語(yǔ)作_，修飾，修飾human egg cells and embryos。c. 在主句中，在主句中，hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions是動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾 _。evil leadersnewspapers wrote of evil leaders后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)2. S

27、ome began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. 分析分析 a. 本句是一個(gè)由本句是一個(gè)由but連接的連接的_。b. 第一個(gè)分句中有兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：第一個(gè)分句中有兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：began和和_。c. 第二個(gè)分句中，

28、第二個(gè)分句中，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞飾先行詞_。forbade并列句并列句medical aid3. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us. 分析分析 a. 本句的主句是本句的主句是scientists still wonder。b. whether和和where分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)從句，分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)從句，作作wonder的的_。賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 仿寫(xiě)仿寫(xiě) _ _ 我們?nèi)詰岩晌覀兊挠?jì)劃能否在明天的我們?nèi)詰岩晌覀兊挠?jì)劃能否在明天的會(huì)

29、議上通過(guò)。會(huì)議上通過(guò)。We still wonder whether our plan can be approved at the meeting tomorrow.I. 根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示或漢語(yǔ)提示, 寫(xiě)出各單詞的正確形式。寫(xiě)出各單詞的正確形式。1. There are twenty boys and twenty girls in our class. That is to say there are forty students a_.2. By buying two books every month, he soon _

30、(積累積累) as many books as a good library. altogetheraccumulated3. The lawyer u_ the case for free because the old man was poor.4. What is the _ (準(zhǔn)確的準(zhǔn)確的) meaning of what you said just now?5. Could you explain the p_ for shutting down the computer?6. The fans complained about the apparently a_ distribut

31、ion of tickets for the next game.undertookexactprocedurearbitrary 7. She blushed, c_ her eyes down.8. The book places a high m_ value on marriage and the family unit.9. Doctors have made a great _ (突破突破) in the kidney transplant.10. We took a s_ route to the seaside, which saved us a lot of time.cas

32、ting moralbreakthroughstraightforward II. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I have a strong _ (object) to getting up early every day.2. What you did wasnt actually illegal, but it was _ (moral) wrong.3. It is _ (disturb) for a five-year-old boy to explain a scientific theory. objectionmorallydisturbing4. Visitors