中英對(duì)照 3G移動(dòng)通信應(yīng)用

1、肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆

2、羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀

3、聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄

4、莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈

5、膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃

6、羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇

7、艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄

8、肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈

9、莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃

10、膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇

11、羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁

12、芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅

13、肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂

14、芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇

15、膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈

16、羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊

17、芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿

18、肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄

19、芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁

20、膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅

21、羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿

22、膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃

23、肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)?/p>

24、芆蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂

25、膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆

26、莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅

27、膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇

28、肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂

29、芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆

30、肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀

31、莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄

32、膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁

33、肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆

34、羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀

35、聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄

36、莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈

37、膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃

38、羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇

39、艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄

40、肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈羈莄莈螀袁芀莇袂肇膆莆薂衿肂蒞蚄肅羈蒞螇?mèng)缕O蒄蒆肅膂蒃蕿袆肈蒂螁肁肄蒁袃羄莃蒀薃螇艿蒀蚅羃膅葿螈螅肁薈蕆羈羇薇薀螄芅薆螞罿膁薅襖螂膇薄薄肇肅薄蚆袀莂薃螈肆羋薂袁袈膄蟻薀肄肀芇蚃袇羆芇螅肂芅芆蒅裊芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅芃袂螆莁節(jié)薁羂芇芁蚄螄膃莁螆羀聿莀蒆螃羅荿蚈

41、如何看待3g移動(dòng)通信應(yīng)用一、引 言 在日益增長的移動(dòng)業(yè)務(wù)市場需求的推動(dòng)下，3g技術(shù)正在逐步走向應(yīng)用。從目前3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)商用情況看，用戶市場與運(yùn)營商對(duì)3g的期望與網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)際應(yīng)用之間存在一定的差距。在3g初期，眾多的移動(dòng)通信領(lǐng)域?qū)＜遗c學(xué)者們都預(yù)期3g將成為一個(gè)徹底實(shí)現(xiàn)普遍靈活、多樣化、個(gè)性化的5a（anyone，anywhere，anytime，anydevice，anything）方式的無縫隙寬帶接入的解決方案，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)統(tǒng)一性、業(yè)務(wù)綜合性、服務(wù)多樣性方面，3g將成為用戶的理想選擇。但是，隨著規(guī)范制定、產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)商用、業(yè)務(wù)提供等多方面的發(fā)展，可以看出，現(xiàn)有的wcdma，cdma2000，td-scdm

42、a三類技術(shù)在應(yīng)用方面都面臨困境。認(rèn)清這些問題，對(duì)于在移動(dòng)通信產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中占據(jù)重要位置的移動(dòng)運(yùn)營商而言，具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。二、3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)應(yīng)用面臨的問題 從移動(dòng)運(yùn)營商角度來看，網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)包括產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營技術(shù)。產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)的綜合性能影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營技術(shù)，而網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營技術(shù)又能夠推動(dòng)產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)。這里結(jié)合對(duì)3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)體系的理解，就應(yīng)用方面面臨的問題給予剖析。 對(duì)于3g產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)而言，面臨的最大問題就是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品性能多方面“軟性”特征的平衡與穩(wěn)定。3g系統(tǒng)中采用的cdma無線接入技術(shù)的復(fù)雜程度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過2g系統(tǒng)的gsm技術(shù)。cdma技術(shù)以統(tǒng)計(jì)復(fù)用方式進(jìn)行無線資源利用，用戶區(qū)分采用碼字方式，用戶在時(shí)

43、間、頻譜方面呈共用特征，為了降低這種“共用”造成的“自干擾性”實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶側(cè)的高質(zhì)量話音與數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)，3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要在物理層、鏈路層、網(wǎng)絡(luò)層引入多項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵無線技術(shù)，包括功率控制、軟切換、多用戶檢測、智能天線、無線資源管理等，而對(duì)于每一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，不僅向下包含多類實(shí)現(xiàn)方式，而且橫向與其它技術(shù)之間相關(guān)聯(lián)。下面以功率控制技術(shù)為例，剖析產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)應(yīng)用面臨的問題。 功率控制是克服cdma系統(tǒng)中的“遠(yuǎn)近效應(yīng)”采用的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶之間的功率平衡，同時(shí)保證系統(tǒng)覆蓋與容量之間的平衡。與gsm相比，3g系統(tǒng)對(duì)功率控制的依賴程度很大，并且功率控制的精度與速度直接影響到網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能。在功率控制的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中，基站與手機(jī)的

44、響應(yīng)速度門限及可變性特征是限制功率控制速度的客觀因素，用戶的移動(dòng)性與無線環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性是限制功率控制精度的客觀因素。由于這兩方面的客觀因素存在，功率控制在3g的技術(shù)規(guī)范中不能給出明確限定值。因此，功率控制技術(shù)在實(shí)現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用方面呈限制性與不確定性，這些特征一方面直接映射到3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能中，另一方面通過與其它技術(shù)（例如軟切換）的相關(guān)性間接體現(xiàn)到3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能中，這兩方面將導(dǎo)致了網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能的“軟特性”。對(duì)于3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營技術(shù)而言，面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)就是如何快速、持續(xù)地實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃的“方向性”與網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的“經(jīng)驗(yàn)化”。3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃“方向性”的難度在于，不僅存在規(guī)劃技術(shù)本身的復(fù)雜，而且存在規(guī)劃有效性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。其中，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將體

45、現(xiàn)在近期與長期兩個(gè)階段：近期表現(xiàn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋空洞、業(yè)務(wù)提供的不連續(xù)性、業(yè)務(wù)質(zhì)量保證的不確定性，長期將體現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的良性建設(shè)與運(yùn)營。顯然，這與gsm的網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃效應(yīng)存在很大的差異。綜上所述，在3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，無線接入方面采用碼分多址（cdma）技術(shù)，理論上，在提高無線資源利用率、提升用戶業(yè)務(wù)質(zhì)量等方面具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。但是，3g技術(shù)本身的復(fù)雜性、技術(shù)規(guī)范的開放性、產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)的個(gè)性化等特征，使得3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能、運(yùn)營管理等方面存在不可預(yù)知甚至不可控的情況。因此，3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用存在的問題將體現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營技術(shù)與產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)之間的匹配、協(xié)調(diào)與平衡。 三、3g統(tǒng)一業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)體系實(shí)現(xiàn)的難度 業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)多樣化、差異化是數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)

46、發(fā)展過程中的一個(gè)實(shí)際情況，從業(yè)務(wù)演進(jìn)與業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的角度看，這種情況將會(huì)在業(yè)務(wù)開發(fā)、管理等方面增加難度，體現(xiàn)到用戶市場將是數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)漫游的可行性問題。移動(dòng)多媒體數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)是3g的典型特征，在技術(shù)規(guī)范方面，提出了統(tǒng)一業(yè)務(wù)架構(gòu)及應(yīng)用業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)的概念，同時(shí)也提出了基于ip傳輸技術(shù)的3g典型多媒體業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)產(chǎn)品-ims。但是，基于2g向3g業(yè)務(wù)的平滑演進(jìn)思路，實(shí)現(xiàn)2g已有的多類業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)及新增的3g業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)的統(tǒng)一將面臨一定的技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與實(shí)現(xiàn)難度。統(tǒng)一業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)體系的技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面，一方面是業(yè)務(wù)架構(gòu)統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)已有業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)的兼容性，另一方面是典型業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)ims承載業(yè)務(wù)的質(zhì)量保證與用戶接受程度。顯然，這兩方面的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都

47、會(huì)從不同程度上影響到業(yè)務(wù)平滑演進(jìn)。對(duì)于業(yè)務(wù)架構(gòu)而言，其目標(biāo)是提供一套開放的、獨(dú)立于網(wǎng)絡(luò)和技術(shù)的可擴(kuò)展編程接口，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)現(xiàn)有通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行安全的公開訪問。目前，兩種主流的規(guī)范osa/parlay與oma的實(shí)現(xiàn)仍然在討論中，2g業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)怎樣與3g的osa/parlay與oma相兼容是目前運(yùn)營商需要考慮的問題。對(duì)于ims業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)而言，在基于ip的sip應(yīng)用易于統(tǒng)一，但是在業(yè)務(wù)質(zhì)量方面將面臨挑戰(zhàn)，能否真正成為3g預(yù)期的話音與數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)一承載平臺(tái)，充分體現(xiàn)出業(yè)務(wù)的靈活性、透明度、集成度，尚需進(jìn)一步的驗(yàn)證。統(tǒng)一業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)體系技術(shù)的應(yīng)用還將受到其它相關(guān)技術(shù)應(yīng)用的限制，例如計(jì)費(fèi)系統(tǒng)支撐技術(shù)與終端對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)的支持技術(shù)。

48、 四、3g終端市場發(fā)展的困境 從2g數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，終端是推動(dòng)移動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)很重要的因素。進(jìn)入3g時(shí)代，市場需求下的3g終端將成為業(yè)務(wù)支持方面集視頻、音頻為一體，技術(shù)支持方面兼容2g與3g及多業(yè)務(wù)平臺(tái)協(xié)議的方便隨身攜帶的多媒體設(shè)備。分析目前世界各國的3g市場可知，從某種程度上講，多媒體終端的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為滿足3g市場需求的瓶頸，主要表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：（1）終端技術(shù)本身，包括終端與系統(tǒng)的兼容性、終端響應(yīng)速度、終端電池待機(jī)時(shí)長等因素； （2）另一方面，終端復(fù)雜性造成的管理成本。對(duì)于終端技術(shù)的發(fā)展，由于3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的復(fù)雜性與“軟特性”，終端技術(shù)在兼容性（例如uu iot）與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一（例如

49、對(duì)功率控制的速度與精度）方面面臨的問題很難避免。同時(shí)，由于終端對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)支持的集成度要求，使得終端電池待電能力明顯不足（從目前的3g商用手機(jī)來看，進(jìn)行384kbit/s業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)，電池的持續(xù)時(shí)間不超過2h）。從世界范圍來看，ntt docomo在終端方面發(fā)展處于領(lǐng)先地位。但是，從其將近2年3g發(fā)展歷程來看，上述終端問題依然是阻礙3g快速發(fā)展的主要因素。五、挑戰(zhàn)的思考與應(yīng)對(duì) 從前面的分析可知，3g技術(shù)在應(yīng)用方面面臨著端到端的挑戰(zhàn)。從技術(shù)角度看，這些挑戰(zhàn)將有利于推動(dòng)技術(shù)本身的發(fā)展。但是，從3g運(yùn)營角度來看，這些挑戰(zhàn)使得3g發(fā)展存在極大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與困難，甚至?xí)萍s3g用戶市場需求的發(fā)展。 作為移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商

50、，需要從形成健康、良性產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的角度進(jìn)行思考。通信產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)是滿足日益發(fā)展的市場需求，為此，我們需要首先思考3g用戶市場需求是怎樣的，這種需求對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈提出怎樣的要求等問題。進(jìn)入3g時(shí)代對(duì)于用戶來說將是更注重“體驗(yàn)”的時(shí)代，先進(jìn)的技術(shù)需要得到實(shí)際應(yīng)用，為用戶提供更加真實(shí)的移動(dòng)互聯(lián)體驗(yàn)。其次，需要考慮如何優(yōu)化運(yùn)營技術(shù)水平，形成完整的從市場與業(yè)務(wù)到網(wǎng)絡(luò)與運(yùn)營的3g發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與策略，同時(shí)要重視對(duì)技術(shù)發(fā)展與應(yīng)用策略的引導(dǎo)。第三，還需要考慮多運(yùn)營商格局下，3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營模式的創(chuàng)新（例如共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)無線資源模式）。由于3g仍然呈多技術(shù)體系，而且由于受頻率資源匱乏的限制，基于三類技術(shù)的3g網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的干擾與影響將可能

51、使彼此的網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能降到最低（這是cdma技術(shù)本身存在的問題）?？傊?，2g向3g發(fā)展不同于移動(dòng)模擬通信向移動(dòng)數(shù)字通信的發(fā)展，運(yùn)營商需要考慮技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，平衡市場需求、網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)與業(yè)務(wù)收益之間復(fù)雜的關(guān)系，扮演移動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)值鏈的主導(dǎo)角色。中英文對(duì)照翻譯how to look at 3g mobile communication applicationsi.introductionmobile services in the growing market demand driven, 3g technology is gradually applied. commercial 3g netw

52、ork from the current situation, the user market and the expectations of 3g operators and network exists between the practical application of the gap.in the early 3g, many mobile communication experts and scholars are expected to 3g will be a completely universal and flexible, diversified, individual

53、ized 5a (anyone, anywhere, anytime, anydevice, anything) method of seamless broadband access solutions, the unity in the network, business integration, service diversity, 3g will be the ideal choice for users. however, with the specification development, product realization, network business, servic

54、e provision and other aspects of development, we can see, the existing wcdma, cdma2000, td-scdma technology in the application of three are facing difficulties. clear understanding of these issues in the mobile communications industry for the development of an important position to occupy the mobile

55、 operators, has important strategic significance.second, 3g network technology problemsfrom the perspective of mobile operators, network technologies, including products, technology implementation technology and network operations. products to achieve the overall performance of technical network ope

56、rations technologies, and network operators, technology and implementation techniques to promote the product. this system, combined with the understanding of 3g network technology to the problems facing the application of given analysis.implementation technology for 3g products, the biggest problem

57、is how to achieve various performance soft characteristics of balance and stability. 3g cdma system, wireless access technology used in the complexity of the system far more than 2g gsm technology. cdma wireless technology in the way of statistical multiplexing of resources, the user distinguish the

58、 use of code words, the user at the time, the frequency spectrum was shared characteristics, in order to reduce this common cause self-interference to achieve high-quality voice user side and data services, 3g networks need in the physical layer, link layer, network layer into a number of key wirele

59、ss technologies, including power control, soft switching, multi-user detection, smart antennas, radio resource management, and for each of the key technologies not only down to include many types of implementations, and between the horizontal and other technologies associated. below the power control technology, for example, analysis of product realization technology problems.cdma power control system to overcome the distance effect a key technology used to achieve a balance of power between u