口語突破英語的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、 英語的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)概念：在英語中不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作謂語動詞的表達(dá)形式也不一樣，這就是時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)和時(shí)間緊密相連。 目標(biāo)：口語突破語法。 實(shí)施步驟： 【1:弄懂語法含義及構(gòu)成 2:收集實(shí)用句子 3:反復(fù)操練句子 4:舉一反三】 一：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行和發(fā)生的動作。構(gòu)成： be(am,is,are)+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：1)一般在動詞后面直接加-ing：eating, drinking, reading2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e再加-ing：come-coming, write-writing3)需要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的：shop-shopping sit-sitting s

2、top-stopping run-running swim-swimming get-getting begin-beginning plan-planning hit-hittingbeg-begging put-putting travel-travelling win-winningcutcutting wrap-wrapping skipskipping clapclapping regretregretting forget-forgetting例句： 1:Im working on it. 2:Hes looking for a part-time job. 3:She is co

3、oking/sleeping. 4:They are talking about you. 5:We are having English class. Can you call again later? 6:Its raining hard/again/outside. 7:Whats so funny? Why are you laughing? 8:The phone is ringing. Please answer it for me. Im taking a shower. 9:Who are you taking to? Im talking to my mother. 10:Y

4、oure making great progress in English.你的英語有了很大的進(jìn)步。 （練習(xí)：用look for, wait for, talk about練習(xí)造句）特殊語法一：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來： 1:Im leaving/coming. 2:My parents are coming to see me. 3:He is leaving for Hk tomorrow. 4:What are you doing later? 5:Im not working next week. 6:Were having a party next weekend.7:Im not goi

5、ng out tonight. Im staying at home.8:What are you doing later?特殊用法二：與always，constantly等連用，含有說話人的主觀色彩： 1:You are always complaining. 2:She is always changing her mind. 3:I am always forgetting peoples names.推薦精選 4:Youre always watching TV, Youre always playing computer games.請隨時(shí)隨地脫口而出下列句子： 1:What are

6、 you doing? 5:Im reading./working. 2:Whats he doing? 6:My mother is cooking/sleeping. 3:What are they doing? 7:Im not going. 4:Where are you going? 9:She is getting fatter and fatter. 10:Its getting hotter and hotter. 11:Ever day, in every way, Im getting better and better. 二：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某個(gè)階段正在

7、進(jìn)行的動作。構(gòu)成：was/were + 現(xiàn)在分詞 1:What were you doing at this time last night? 2:It was raining hard when I went to school this morning. 3:They were talking about me when I came in. 4:I was taking a shower when you called. 5:They were watching TV when the lights went out. 6:I was having dinner with my frie

8、nd at 8 oclock yesterday. 7:She was sleeping at this time last night. 8:My mother was waiting for me when I got home. 9:I was shopping at the market when I met my English teacher.10:What did the teacher say just now? Sorry, I wasnt listening.11:I called you yesterday morning but you werent at home,w

9、here were you? 三：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用來表示經(jīng)常性或反復(fù)性發(fā)生的動作，陳述事實(shí)及現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)構(gòu)成：動詞用原形，但主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)動詞要加-s 【主語是he,she,it,Tom, Toms father 等時(shí)】動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化;1) 一般在動詞后加-s：singsings, likelikes2) 以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的動詞，變-y為i再加-es：study-studies worryworries carry-carries3) 以o,s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的動詞，要加-es：dodoes gogoes washwashes watchwatches 一：表示主

10、語所具備的性格、特征、狀態(tài)及喜好： 1:Im an office worker. 2:Her mother is a nurse.3:He is tall and thin. 4:We are officer workers. 5:She is from America. 6:They are my neighbours. 7:I go to work on foot every day.8:He works hard.9:She lives near here. 10:They work overtime every day.推薦精選 11:The girl looks like her m

11、other.12:The boy hates going to school.二：表示經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動作： （ 常與頻度副詞always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never等連用） 1:My mother gets up early every day. 2:He often stays up late. 3:She usually goes to work by bike. 4:My son often does her homework at the last minute. 5:They sometimes travel during summer

12、 holiday.6:I practice English every morning. 三：表示早已列入時(shí)刻表的事件 1:School starts on Sept.1st. 2:The bus runs every 10 minutes 3:The train leaves at 8 tomorrow morning. 4:Whats tomorrows date? 5:What day is it tomorrow? 6:When is your birthday?四：表示客觀真理： 1:Time is precious. 2:Health is better than wealth.

13、3:Practice makes perfect. 4:Mothers always worry about their children.【請脫口而出下面的句子】 Everyone wants to succeed. Everybody makes such mistakes sometimes. That happens. The dish tastes delicious. The shop opens at 9 oclock and closes at 6 oclock. Are you free now?【舉例說明一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)否定句和疑問句的變化】：1) Im a teacher.Im

14、 not a teacher?-Are you a teacher?-Yes,I am/No,Im not.2) She is a nurse. She isnt a nurse.-Is she a nurse?-Yes,she is./No,she isnt.3) They are students. They arent students.-Are they students?-Yes,they are./No,they arent. 4) I like travelling. -I dont like travelling.-Do you like travelling? -Yes,I

15、do./No,I don/t. 5) He works hard. -He doesnt work hard.-Does he work hard? -Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. 【一般疑問句】 一：Do you.?推薦精選 Do you like Chinese food? Do you have any hobbies? Do you see him often? Do you get up early? Do you drink? Do you often go shopping? 二：Does ? Does he love you? Does she li

16、ve near here? Does Tom speak English? Does your mother call you often? Does your son study hard? Does your wife work? Does he teach English? Does she have a BF?【特殊疑問句】1) What do you usually do on weekends?2) What does this sign mean?3) What does todays news say?4) What do you like best about China?5

17、) Where do you live/work?6) Where do you come from?7) How do you go to work every day?8) How do you like it?9) When do you go to work/get off work?10) When does the meeting start?11) Why do you like such a person?12) Why do you have to tell her the truth?13) Why do you think SZ is a bad place to liv

18、e?14) Why do you come to China?15) Why dont we have fun? 16)Why dont you like her? 17)Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 18)Which place do you like best in China? 19)How old is your daughter? 20)How many people are there in your family? 21)How much money do you need? 22)How much is it? How much are

19、 they? 23)How long have you been in China? 24)How far is it from here to your company? 25)How often do you call your family? 26)How soon will you come back?【額外奉送】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)對于描述自己的情況很有用;（一）Self-introduction自我介紹 Hello everyday.My name is Lily. Im from China. I live in Beijing. I love English. I read Englis

20、h every day. I yell English every day.Myfavourite sport are tennis and swimming. My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher. We are all interested in English.Do you like Eeglish?推薦精選I hope we can be friends. （二）Self-introduction I have 2 children. My son is 8, he studies in a primary school. M

21、y daughter is 15,she studies in a middle school.Im a techer,I work in a university. My wife works in a hospital. We have a happy family. (三) Alice Alice is a very outgoing girl, she likes music, she palys basketball, she spends a lot of money on clothes. she goes to movies, and she often goes to nig

22、htclub, she knows many people, she is very popular. Alice doesnt stay home alone very often, she doesnt read books, she doesnt watch TV, she doesnt listen to music. She is very active, She likes talk on the phone, everyone likes Alice. (四) My sister and I My sister and I are very different. Im an of

23、fice worker, shes a secretary in a small company. I live in GZ, she lives in SZ, I have a BF, she lives alone. Im rich, she is poor. My father likes me, my mother likes my sister. Alough we are different, we like each other. 四：一般過去時(shí)一：含義：表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般有明顯的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語。如：yesterday,last night,this mor

24、ning,last week/month/year,just now,then(那時(shí))，at that moment,2 years ago,in 1999.等等。 二：一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成，動詞要用過去式:1)系動詞am,iswas(否定式wasnt),are-were(否定式werent)2) 實(shí)義動詞一般加-ed. 如：worked; lived; studied.3）不規(guī)則動詞要分別記憶：如：gowent;dodid,take-took1:Where were you last night? 2:He was here just now.3:I was shy when I was you

25、ng. 4:You were late again.5:She was a beauty when she was young. 6：She was late for work yesterday.7:We went shopping last night and bought a lot of things.8:He worked here last year. 9:They moved to HK last month.10:We went to the movies last night, but the film wasnt very good. We didnt enjoy it.

26、We wasted our time and money.11:I didnt have breakfast this morning. 12:Did you watch the news last night?14:Did you have a good time last night? 13:Why didnt you tell me?15:Where did you spend your holiday? 16:How did you sleep last night?17:What did you do this morning? 18:When did you come to Chi

27、na?推薦精選19:How was your trip? 20:Who called me? Who said that?【一般過去時(shí)的否定句和疑問句的變化】 1:I was in the office this morning.- I wasnt in the office in the morning. Were you in the office in the morning?Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. 2:They were in America at this time last year.-They werent in America at this time

28、 last year?Were they in America at this time last yearYes, they were./No, they werent. 3:I bought a lot of things yesterday.- I didnt buy a lot of things yesterday. Did you buy a lot of things yesterday? Yes, I did./ No, I didnt. 額外附送：短文突破一般過去時(shí) Pleasant weekend I want to tell you my weekend. It was

29、really great. I went camping with some of my colleagues. We left early on Sunday morning and drove to the mountains. We hiked for an hour to a beautiful lake. We went swimming, we cooked over a campfire, and we slept outside. We told stories and sang songs until after midnight. Next morning, we made

30、 a big breakfast, we went other places, and then we packed up our things, hiked back to the car,and came home. We were totally tired,but we had a really great time. 五：一般將來時(shí)概念：表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作，或?qū)⒁瞿呈碌挠?jì)劃和打算。常和表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow,next day/week/year,soon,the day after tomorrow等。構(gòu)成：1)will + 動詞原形（即時(shí)所作出的

31、決定）2)be going to句型（表示按計(jì)劃、安排要做的事） 1:Sorry, Im busy now, Ill call you back later. 2:Ill take it. 3:Ill take your advice. 4:Ill find out who did this. 5:Ill miss all of you. 6:Ill be ready in 5 minutes. 7:Ill think about it.8:The train will arrive at 8 oclock. Ill be here soon9:Hell go out to play with

32、 his friends after school.10:She will come to see me tomorrow. 11:They will come here this evening, theyll come by train. 12:Its a nice day, I think Ill go for a walk. 13:I think the weather will be fine later.推薦精選 14:From now on, Ill practice English every day. 15:Its going to rain. 16:Im going to

33、have a picnic this weekend. 17:They are going to go abroad next year. 18:Are you going to HK this weekend?【否定句】 I)I wont forgive you. 2)He wont be here tomorrow. 3)It wont happen again.【疑問句】1) Will she come? 2)Will he come to your birthday party?2) Will you be free tomorrow night?【特殊疑問句】 1:When will

34、 you come back? 3:Where/How are you going to spend your holiday?4:When are you going to get married?5:When and where will we meet tomorrow?6:How will you go to Beijing?7:Why will you go there on holiday? 【短文突破語法】 Long for the weekend盼望周末 I am looking forward to the weekend. I am not going to think a

35、bout school.Im not going to worry about my exams. Im not going to touch my textbooks. Im going to read a few magazines and watch a few DVDS. Im going to call my friends. Im going to surf the Internet. I m going to relax at home with my family. I cant wait! This is going to be the best weekend ever.

36、六：過去將來時(shí) 表示從過去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的事情，它的構(gòu)成有兩種形式： 一：would+動詞原形 二：was/were + goig to1:He said he would help me/pay back my money/see me.2:She said she would come back next week.3:He told me he would go abroad to study.4:We didnt know when the meeting would end.4:She said she was going to buy a car.5:I didnt know if

37、 he was going to come.6:Last Sunday ,we were going to visit the Great Wall,but it rained.7:I heard there was going to be a meeting this afternoon.8:Where were you? I thought you were going to wait for me.還可表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作：9:This door wouldnt open.這扇門老是打不開。10:I would play with him when I was a child.我小時(shí)候常

38、跟他玩。推薦精選 七：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在所造成的影響或結(jié)果,如：He has spent all his money.二：構(gòu)成： has/have + 過去分詞三：用法：一：表示原來發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)至今：for+時(shí)間段； since +時(shí)間點(diǎn) 1:I have studied English for 5 years. 2:He has lived here for 20 years. 3:I have been here/in DG for 3 years. 4:She has been a teacher for 10 years.5:We have know

39、n each other since we were boys.6:He has been in SZ since 2000.7:I have worked here since 2 years ago.二：表示剛剛或已經(jīng)完成的動作： 8:I have just had dinner. 9:He has just come here. 10:We have already finished our work.三：表示曾經(jīng)有過的經(jīng)驗(yàn)：（常和never,ever,twice等連用） 11:I have never been to HK before. 12:Have you ever been t

40、o Macao? 13:I havent met him before. 14:Ive never thought of such a thing. 15:Ive never seen such an awful person. 16:He has been to Tibet twice.17:I have never met such a beautiful girl.四：過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在的影響，常和:lately（recently）最近，at present目前，現(xiàn)在；so far到目前為止；up to now到目前為止，these days目前，這些天 等連用 18：Have you

41、met him lately? 19: I havent been very successful so far.至今我還不是很成功。熟記下面的句子： 20:He has gone home/has gone to work/has gone to GZ. 21:How have you been? 22:Have you heard from Mary? 23:How long have you studied English? 24:How long have you lived in SZ? 25:How long have you been like this? 【短文突破現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)】

42、 I have been very busy, I havent been to a restaurant for a long time, and Ive never eaten Korean food. Believe it or not, Ive lived here all my life and Ive never been there! How have you been? Have you seen any good movies recently? Have you eaten at any good restaurants? Have you gone to any inte

43、resting places? Please write back and let me know what you have been doing lately. Im looking forward to hearing from you.推薦精選 八：過去完成時(shí)一：表示過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作,含義是：過去的過去二：構(gòu)成：had + 過去分詞1:By the end of last term, we had learned 5000 words.2:By the time we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.

44、3:By the time I got to the bank, it had already closed.4:The children ran away after they had broken the window.5:My parents had got up before I woke up this morning.6:The train had started when they got to the station.7:When I got home, my mother had finished cooking already.8:He said he had taught

45、 in that school since 1999. 九：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一：含義：表示從過去某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。二：構(gòu)成：has/have been + 現(xiàn)在分詞1:Ive been dying to go home.我一直都很想回家。2:Ive been looking forward to meeting you for a long time.我一直以來都渴望見到你。3:He has been teaching in this school since he graduated.4:It has been raining all night.5:Where on earth have you been? Ive been waiting for 2 hours. 十：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻將進(jìn)行的動作，一般表示安排要做的事或預(yù)計(jì)會發(fā)生的事，常用于口語中：二：構(gòu)成： will + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞1:I will be going university in September.2:I will be going home for Spring Fe