（推薦）初中英語-形容詞與副詞

1、中考英語語法-形容詞與副詞一、形容詞的一般用法1.作定語，一般放在所修飾詞的前面。如：Its a cold and windy day.2.作表語，放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。如：He looks happy today.3.形容詞修飾something，anything, everything, nothing等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，須放在其后。如:Would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。例如，how long is the river？ its about two hundred metres long.5.

2、只能作表語的形容詞：afraid害怕；alone獨(dú)自的；asleep睡著的；awake醒著的；alive活著的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的。如: The man is ill. (正)The ill man is my uncle.(誤)6.只能作定語的形容詞：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木質(zhì)的；woolen羊毛質(zhì)的；elder年長(zhǎng)的如: My elder brother is in beijing.(正)my brother is elder. (誤)7.貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely獨(dú)自的；friendly友好的；lively生動(dòng)的；lovel

3、y可愛的8.復(fù)合形容詞：snow-white雪白的 english-speaking說英語的；glass-topped玻璃罩的；full-time全日制的；well-known眾所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以帶走的；ten-year-old十歲的。9.多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~(冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞)描繪詞(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，長(zhǎng)幼，顏色)出處材料性質(zhì)類別名詞a small round table一張小圓桌a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物a dirty old black

4、shirt一件又臟又舊的黑色襯衣a famous American medical school一個(gè)非常著名的美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院10.形容詞常用句型1). “its + adj. + of +sb. + to do sth.”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣”。“its + adj. + for + sb. + to do sth.”表示“做某事對(duì)某人來說怎么樣”例如: Its very rude of her to say such words. (=She is very rude to say such words.)Its very important for students to listen

5、to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)2).表示感情或情緒的形容詞，如glad(高興的)，pleased(高興的)，sad(憂傷的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如: Glad to see you. Im very sad to hear the bad news.3).表示能力和意志的形容詞，如ready(樂意的，有準(zhǔn)備的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。例如: Lei feng is alwa

6、ys ready to help others.雷鋒總是樂于助人。二、副詞的基本用法方式副詞：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副詞：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地點(diǎn)副詞：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home，時(shí)間副詞：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still頻度副詞：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never否定副詞：no，not，neither，nor，疑問副詞：where，how，why其

7、他：also，too，only1.副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話的詞類，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。例如：We should listen to our teachers carefully. He is very happy today.“What happened？”I asked，rather angrily. In spring，I can see flowers everywhere. 2.常見副詞用法辨析1).already與yet的區(qū)別already用于肯定句句中，表示“已經(jīng)”;yet用于否定句句末，表示“還”，用于疑問句句末，表示“已經(jīng)” 如: He ha

8、d already left when i called.當(dāng)我給他打電話時(shí)，他已經(jīng)離開了。Have you found your ruler yet？你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子了嗎？I havent finished my homework yet.我還沒有完成作業(yè)。注意：already還可以表示驚奇，驚訝等語氣，常用于疑問句句末例如：Has your son gone to school already？你的兒子已經(jīng)上學(xué)了嗎？(表示很驚訝)2). very，much和very much.的區(qū)別very用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)；much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)；修飾動(dòng)詞要用very much.例

9、如: John is very honest. This garden is much bigger than that one. Thank you very much.3).so與such的區(qū)別so修飾形容詞或副詞;such 修飾名詞，例如，My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。 He is such a boy.他是一個(gè)這樣的孩子。so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”.such可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，名詞前可以有形容詞作定語，其結(jié)構(gòu)

10、是“such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，“such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”，例如: He is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy.他是一個(gè)如此聰明的孩子。It is such cold weather.這么冷的天氣。(正)They are such good students. 他們是那么好的學(xué)生。(正)如果可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many，few或不可數(shù)名詞前有much，little修飾，用so不用such.例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) so much(如此多的)；so little(

11、如此少的)可以加不可數(shù)名詞4).also，too，as well與either 的區(qū)別also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老

12、師，我媽媽也是。I cant speak French. jenny cant speak French，either.我不會(huì)說法語，詹妮也不會(huì)。5).sometime，sometimes，some time與some times的區(qū)別sometime：某一時(shí)間，某一時(shí)刻，可指將來時(shí)，也可指過去時(shí)sometimes：有時(shí)，不時(shí)的some time：一段時(shí)間some times：幾次，幾倍例如，Well have a test sometime next month.下個(gè)月的某一時(shí)間，我們要進(jìn)行一次測(cè)試。 Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are no

13、t.有時(shí)我們很忙，有時(shí)不忙。 He stayed in beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段時(shí)間。 I have been to beijing some times.我去過北京好幾次。6).ago與before的區(qū)別ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”，常與一般過去時(shí)連用，不可以單獨(dú)使用。before指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r(shí)刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成時(shí)連用，可以單獨(dú)使用。例如，I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分鐘之前看到的他。 He told me that he had seen the film before.他告訴我

14、他以前看過這場(chǎng)電影。7).now，just與just now的區(qū)別now：與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，意為“現(xiàn)在”just：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)連用，表示“剛”just now：和過去時(shí)連用，表示“剛才”例如，Where does he live now？他現(xiàn)在住哪里？ We have just seen the film. 我們剛看過這場(chǎng)電影。 He was here just now. 他剛才在這里。三、形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)1）單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成情況構(gòu)成方式原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般情況加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernew

15、estlongest以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的詞加-r或-stnicelatenicerlaternicestlatest以“輔音+y” 結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重讀閉音節(jié)的詞末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母先雙寫輔音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2）部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful - mor

16、e beautiful-most beautiful3）幾個(gè)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)屬于不規(guī)則變化原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther farthest old older oldest四、形容詞副詞等級(jí)的用法1. 原級(jí)的用法1).只能修飾原級(jí)的詞，very，quite，so，too例如: He is too tired to walk on. My brother runs so fast that I cant follow

17、him.2).原級(jí)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙” / “甲+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”例如，Tom is twice as old as kate. Tom runs twice as fast as mike.(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙” / “甲+助動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形+as/so+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙” 表示甲不如乙例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 這個(gè)房間不如那個(gè)大。He doesnt walk as s

18、lowly as you.他走路不像你那樣慢。2.比較級(jí)的用法1).可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞，much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一點(diǎn)兒even甚至，still仍然例如，Lesson one is much easier than lesson two.第一課比第二課容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。This train runs much faster than that one.這輛火車比那輛跑地快。She drives still more carefully than her husband.她開

19、車仍然比她丈夫還認(rèn)真。2).比較級(jí)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+乙” / “甲+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(倍數(shù))+副詞比較級(jí)+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙?guī)妆丁崩?，This room is three times bigger than that one.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)大三倍。 He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。(2)“甲+be+形容詞比較級(jí)+than +any other+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語)” /“甲+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+副詞比較級(jí)+than +any other+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語

20、)”表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個(gè)人/物都”，含義是“甲最”。 例如，the Yangtze river is longer than any other river in china.=the Yangtze river is longer than the other rivers in china.=the Yangtze river is the longest river in china.注意：the Yangtze river is longer than any river in Japan.長(zhǎng)江比日本的任何一條河都長(zhǎng)。Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.(3)“甲+be+ the+形容詞比較級(jí)+of the two+”表示“甲是兩者中較的”。例如，look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.(4)“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越”。例如，he is getting taller and taller. (5)“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”表示“越，越”。例如，the more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll m