(完整版)壓力機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng).doc

1、eaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrule

2、s.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficultt

3、oresolvedif目 錄1112461627101102,1031242125126127158161717ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C -cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erity

4、ofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvesti

5、gateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdiffi

6、culties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedif一 液壓系統(tǒng)原理設(shè)計(jì)1 工況分析設(shè)計(jì)一臺(tái)小型液壓壓力機(jī)的液壓系統(tǒng)，要求實(shí)現(xiàn)：快速空程下行慢速加壓保壓 快 速回 程 停止 工作 循環(huán) 。 快 速往 返速 度為3m/min ，加 壓速 度為40-250mm/min ，壓制力為 N，運(yùn)動(dòng)部件總重力為25000N，工作行程 400mm，油缸垂直安裝，設(shè)計(jì)壓力機(jī)的液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。液壓缸所受外負(fù)載F 包括五種類(lèi)型，即：F=F 壓 +F 磨 +F 慣+F 密+G式中：F 壓 - 工作負(fù)載，對(duì)于液壓機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)，即為

7、壓制力；F 慣 - 運(yùn)動(dòng)部件速度變化時(shí)的慣性負(fù)載；F 磨 - 導(dǎo)軌摩擦阻力負(fù)載，啟動(dòng)時(shí)為靜摩擦阻力。液壓缸垂直安裝，摩擦力相對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)部件自重，可忽略不計(jì)；F 密 - 由于液壓缸密封所造成的運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力；G- 運(yùn)動(dòng)部件自重。液壓缸各種外負(fù)載值1) 工作負(fù)載：液壓機(jī)壓制力 F 壓=N2) 慣性負(fù)載：GV25000 3F慣t25510.20 Ng9.8 0.33) 運(yùn)動(dòng)部件自重：G=25000N4) 密封阻力F 密 =0.1F( F 為總的負(fù)載 )5) 摩擦力液壓缸垂直安裝，摩擦力較小，可忽略不計(jì)。ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolvepro

8、blems.C -cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandrep

9、orting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,techno

10、logymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedif根據(jù)上述計(jì)算結(jié)果，列出各工作階段所受的外負(fù)載。工作循環(huán)各階段外負(fù)載表工況

11、計(jì)算公式液壓缸的負(fù)載啟動(dòng)階段：F 啟=F 密+F 慣-GF慣G25510.2025000F啟0.9566.89N0.9加速階段：F 加=F 密+F 慣-GF慣G25510 .2025000F加0.9566.89 N0.9快進(jìn)階段：F 快=F 密-GF快0.9(G )22500 N工進(jìn)階段：F 工=F 密+F 壓-GF壓G300000 25000F工0.9305555.56N0.9快退階段：F 退=F 密+GF退G2500027777 .78N0.90.9按照給定要求與外負(fù)載表繪制速度循環(huán)圖與負(fù)載循環(huán)圖：速度循環(huán)圖：ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizati

12、onstosolveproblems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigation,managemen

13、tandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsit

14、e,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedifV (mm/s)500.674.17L(mm)4005

15、0負(fù)載循環(huán)圖：ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C -cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registra

16、tionform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationso

17、foperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla

18、ss:difficulttoresolvedifF(N)56640022500L(mm)2 擬定液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖1) 確定供油方式：考慮到該壓力機(jī)在工作進(jìn)給時(shí)需要承受較大的工作壓力，系統(tǒng)功率較大，速度較底。而在快進(jìn) , 快退時(shí)負(fù)載較小，速度較快。從節(jié)能，減少發(fā)熱，系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，效率，工作壓力等方面考慮，泵源系統(tǒng)宜選用軸向柱塞泵。2) 調(diào)速方式的選擇：在小型壓力機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)中，進(jìn)給速度的控制一般采用節(jié)流閥或者調(diào)速閥。在本系統(tǒng)中選用回油節(jié)流調(diào)速，3)速度切換方式的選擇：系統(tǒng)采用由電磁閥控制的快慢速換接回路，它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，調(diào)節(jié)行程比較方便，閥的安裝也較容易，但速度換接的平穩(wěn)性較差。若要提高系統(tǒng)的速度換fic

19、ulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatte

20、aintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules

21、.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficultto

22、resolvedif接平穩(wěn)性，可改用由行程閥切換速度的換接回路。液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖：二 液壓缸的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算1 液壓缸主要尺寸的確定工作壓力 p 的確定：工作壓力 p 可根據(jù)負(fù)載大小及機(jī)器類(lèi)型初步確定，先查表取液壓缸工作壓力為25MPa.機(jī)床農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械或中液壓機(jī)、重型機(jī)設(shè)備類(lèi)型組合機(jī)龍門(mén)刨械、起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)磨床拉床型工程機(jī)械械床床工作壓力 P(MPa)0.828810101620 323 52.0液壓缸缸筒內(nèi)徑 D 和液壓缸活塞桿外徑d 的確定：由液壓缸缸筒內(nèi)徑（缸徑）尺寸系列表查得D=160mm?；钊睆?d，按 d/D=0.7, d=112mm。由液壓缸活塞桿外徑（桿徑）尺寸系列表，取d=125mm。

23、由此求得液壓缸的實(shí)際有效面積為：D 20.1622A140.0201m4A2(D 2d 2 )(0.1620.1252 )0.0078m244初步計(jì)算液壓缸最大工作壓力：F305555.56Pn15.20MPaA10.0201ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C -cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transp

24、ort,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strength

25、eningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedinto

26、a,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedif按最低工進(jìn)速度驗(yàn)算液壓缸的最小穩(wěn)定速度，由式3AQmin0.1 1025cm2vmin4式中 Qmin 是調(diào)速閥的最小穩(wěn)定流量為0.1 L min不等式滿(mǎn)足，故液壓缸能夠達(dá)到所需穩(wěn)定工進(jìn)速度。液壓缸缸筒內(nèi)徑（缸徑）尺寸系列（GB2348-80）( mm)810121620253240506380（ 90）100（110）125（）160（

27、）200（）250140180220(280)320(360)400(450)500根據(jù)設(shè)備的類(lèi)型有表2-1 初選工作壓力P=25MPa2) 液壓缸內(nèi)徑 D 和活塞桿 d 的確定：前面的計(jì)算以得出 D=16cm, d=12.5cm3) 液壓缸壁厚的確定和外徑的確定：a. 起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械的液壓缸，一般采用無(wú)縫鋼管制造，無(wú)縫鋼管大多屬于薄壁圓筒結(jié)構(gòu)，其壁厚按薄壁圓筒公式計(jì)算：p yD2式中：液壓缸壁厚 (m)D液壓缸的內(nèi)徑 (m)py試驗(yàn)壓力，一般取最大工作壓力的(1.251.5)倍 缸筒材料的許用應(yīng)力。其值為：鍛鋼： =110120MPa；ficulties,shallconsistofminin

28、gorganizationstosolveproblems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigatio

29、n,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstothepr

30、oductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedif鑄鋼： =100110MPa；無(wú)

31、縫鋼管： =100 120MPa；高強(qiáng)度鑄鐵： =60MPa；灰鑄鐵： =25MPa。py1.5 pn1.516.5824.87MPa現(xiàn)取 =100MPa：24.87160219.90mm100查無(wú)縫鋼管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列取20mm。24.871060.16t 0.433 0.16(0.160.035)100t 39.09mm式中：t缸蓋有效厚度 (m)；D2液壓缸缸蓋的止口直徑(m)；d0缸蓋孔直徑。6)最小導(dǎo)向長(zhǎng)度的確定：最小導(dǎo)向長(zhǎng)度是指從活塞支撐面到缸蓋滑動(dòng)軸承支撐面中點(diǎn)的距離，如果導(dǎo)向長(zhǎng)度過(guò)小，將使液壓缸的初始繞度增大影響液壓缸的穩(wěn)定性。對(duì)一般液壓缸，要求最小導(dǎo)向長(zhǎng)度H 應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足以下要求：lDH2

32、02式中：l 液壓缸的最大行程；D液壓缸的內(nèi)徑。lD400160H220100mm202活塞寬度 B 一般取 B=(0.61.0)D，ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C -cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtot

33、hesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete cta

34、ndinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,m

35、iningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedifB=96160mm，現(xiàn)取 B= 130mm。缸蓋的滑動(dòng)支撐面的長(zhǎng)度A，根據(jù)液壓缸內(nèi)徑D 而確定，當(dāng) D80mm 時(shí)，取 A=(0.61.0)d，因?yàn)?D=160mm80mm，故 A=(0.61.0)d=75125mm，現(xiàn)取 A=90mm。AB13090110mmH22可滿(mǎn)足導(dǎo)向要求。三 液壓系統(tǒng)計(jì)算與選擇液壓元件1 計(jì)算在各工作階段液壓缸所需的流量Q快進(jìn)d 2v0.12523 36.80L / min44Q工進(jìn) 1D 2v0.1

36、620.255.02L / min44Q工進(jìn) 2D2v0.1620.040.80L / min44Q快退(D2d 2 )v(0.1620.1252 ) 3 23.49L / min442 確定液壓泵的流量 , 壓力和選擇泵的規(guī)格1) 泵的壓力的確定：考慮到正常工作中進(jìn)油路有一定的壓力損失, 所以泵的工作壓力為p pp1p式中：pp液壓泵最大工作壓力；P1 執(zhí)行元件最大工作壓力；p 進(jìn)油管路中的壓力損失 , 初算時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單系統(tǒng)可取0.8MPa。ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-class:fromsegments

37、andbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel o

38、pedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facil

39、ities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedifppp1p16.580.817.38MPapp 是靜壓力，考慮到系統(tǒng)在各種工況的過(guò)渡階段出現(xiàn)的壓力往往超過(guò)靜壓力。另外考慮到低壓系統(tǒng)

40、取小值，高壓系統(tǒng)取大值。在本系統(tǒng)中 pn 1.4p p 24.33MPa 。取 Pn= 25MPa3 液壓閥的選擇液壓元件明細(xì)表序號(hào)元件名稱(chēng)型號(hào)通過(guò)的流量工作壓力1過(guò)濾器XU-D3210045L/min25MPa2軸向柱塞泵CY14-1B45L/min25MPa3壓力表KF3-EA20B20L/min25MPa4三位四通換向閥4YF30-E20B45L/min25MPa5調(diào)速閥AQF3-E20B30L/min25MPa6單向閥AF3-EA20B30L/min25MPa7二位三通換向閥23YF3B-E20345L/min25MPa4 確定管道尺寸油路內(nèi)徑尺寸一般可參照選用的液壓元件接口尺寸而定，

41、也可按管路允許的流速進(jìn)行計(jì)算。本系統(tǒng)主油路流量為差動(dòng)時(shí)流量q=60.29L/min, 壓油管的允許流速取v=5m/s。d 4.6 q4.660.2915.97mmv5取 d=16mm。綜合諸因素及系統(tǒng)上面各閥的通徑取d=16mm，吸油管的直徑參照CY14-1B 變量泵吸油口連接尺寸，取吸油管內(nèi)徑d=42mm。ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C -cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitm

42、ineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,

43、cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheext

44、entofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedif5 液壓油箱容積的確定本系統(tǒng)為高壓系統(tǒng) , 液壓油箱有效容量按泵流量的57 倍來(lái)確定 , 現(xiàn)選用容量為 400L 的油箱。6 液壓系統(tǒng)的驗(yàn)算已 知 液 壓 系 統(tǒng) 中 進(jìn) 回 油 路 的 內(nèi) 徑 為 d=16mm ， 各 管 道 長(zhǎng) 度 分 別 AB=0.

45、5m, BD=DE=1m, CF=2.5m, DF=1.5m, 選用 L-HM32 液壓油。設(shè)其工作在20，其運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度 =150cst=1.5cm2/s 油液的密度 =920kg/m3。1) 工進(jìn)進(jìn)油路的壓力損失：運(yùn)動(dòng)部件快進(jìn)時(shí)的最大速度為0.25，最大流量為5.02L min ，則液壓油在油管內(nèi)的流速為：q4 5.02 1032498.01cm / min 416.3mm / sV121.62d4管道的雷諾數(shù) Re1 為V1d41.631.6Re11.544.41Re1 2300，可見(jiàn)油液在管道內(nèi)流態(tài)為層流，其沿程阻力系數(shù)75751.69Re144.41進(jìn)油管 FC 的沿程壓力損失p1-1

46、為lV 20.71 1920 0.41632p1 121.6920.023MPad0.016換向閥的壓力損失p1-2=0.05MPa，忽略油液通過(guò)管接頭，油路板處的局部壓力損失，則進(jìn)油路的總壓力損失p1 為：p1= p1-1+ p1-2=0.023+0.05=0.073MPa2)工進(jìn)回油路的壓力損失：ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsa

47、fetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatteaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsoo