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1、Unit NineSteven Levy an American journalist, who has written several books on computers, privacy, cryptography, the Internet, cybersecurity, and so on 史蒂文列維,美國新聞周刊的資深記者,科技作家,其著作涉及計(jì)算機(jī),隱私,密碼術(shù),因特網(wǎng),網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全等領(lǐng)域。TCP-Transmission Control Protocol 傳輸控制協(xié)定傳輸控制協(xié)定IP - Internet Protocol 國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊協(xié)定國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊協(xié)定OSI - Ope

2、n System Interconnection 開放系統(tǒng)互連開放系統(tǒng)互連Ethernet - 以太網(wǎng)BackgroundThe development of the internetTimeGeneral situation1960s before The long-distance connected system consisted of single computer。 1960s1970s ARPANET developed by ARPA(Advanced Research Projects Agency美國高級研究計(jì)劃署)1970s1990sTCP / IP and OSISin

3、ce 1990sEthernet, InternetWarming upWhat do you usually do online?Please use one word to describe the life without internet? How many hoursdo you use for internet in a day?How many times do you check youremail box a day? Vocabularyportfolio optional binge unrestrained, immoderate self-indulgence無節(jié)制的

4、狂熱行為a set of shares owned by a particular person or organization(個(gè)人或機(jī)構(gòu)的)投資組合;有價(jià)證券組合;有價(jià)證券一覽表left to choice; not compulsory or automatic 任選的;非強(qiáng)制的;隨意的indelibly impossible to remove or erase不能消除地 Vocabularythumpprovision decentmeeting accepted standards; adequate 象樣的;足夠的The muffled sound produced by or

5、as if by a blow with a blunt object 重?fù)袈?;砰然地響a stipulation or qualification, especially a clause in a document or an agreement 條款in tandem one behind the other 一前一后地,;協(xié)力地Vocabularyvoluminous having great volume, fullness, size, or number 容量大的;大量的;卷帙浩繁的track to observe the progress of; follow 觀察的進(jìn)程;追尋

6、profoundly deeply; extremely深深地;完全地;極度地credibility the quality, capability, or power to elicit belief可信性;可靠性commission give a task or piece of work to (somebody) 委任;委托dramatize to make sth. seem more exciting and important than it really is使戲劇化;戲劇地表現(xiàn);夸張ethnographic of the scientific description of d

7、ifferent races人種學(xué)的barren lacking in liveliness or interest 無趣的;乏味的 convivial - merry, festive 歡樂的;節(jié)慶的pulpy - as soft as the substance made by crushing wood, fabric or other material for making paper紙漿狀的tome - a book, especially a large or scholarly one大本書 appalled - filled with fear 驚恐的archaic- no l

8、onger current or applicable; antiquated古老的; 陳舊的;過時(shí)的cumbersome- difficult to handle because of weight or bulk麻煩的;笨重的frustrating -causing feelings of discouragement 令人沮喪的invoke -to resort to; to use or apply 借助;求助于;使用;運(yùn)用lifeline -an anchored line thrown as a support to someone falling or drowning 救生索;

9、救星bolt - to start suddenly and run away 驚跑;急逃exceed - to be greater than, surpass超越;勝過prognostication - a prediction預(yù)言 contemplate - to ponder; meditate 沉思默想ubiquity -existence everywhere at the same time 無處不在stray - to move away from the place you should be and become lost 迷路;偏離;走失Text comprehensio

10、n Para. 1 Your tech-stock portfolio might still be aching from a three-year hangover, but when it comes to the Internets effect on our lives, the binge is just getting underway. Whats more, participation is no longer optional. That was the bottom line in two very different research studies. 雖然你買的各種科

11、技股大跌的后遺癥可能已經(jīng)連續(xù)3年余痛未消,但是如果談到因特網(wǎng)對我們生活得影響,人們的狂熱卻剛剛開始。更重要的是,上網(wǎng)已經(jīng)不再是可有可無的事兒了。這是兩項(xiàng)迥然不同的研究課題所公布的最終結(jié)果。the final result or statement最后的結(jié)果或聲明Taken in tandem, they present a breathtaking picture of how quickly and indelibly the digital world has made an impact on our lives. 這些研究先后展現(xiàn)的是一幅令人震驚的畫面:數(shù)字世界已經(jīng)對我們的生活產(chǎn)生了多

12、么迅速和深刻的影響。 one behind the other一前一后的;先后hangover-n. things or influence left behind 遺留物或遺留的影響遺留物或遺留的影響 headache and sickness from drinking too much alcohol (通常指酗酒后的)頭痛,惡心等不適反應(yīng)(通常指酗酒后的)頭痛,惡心等不適反應(yīng)eg. The morning after the party, she woke up with a bad hangover. 晚會后,她早晨醒來感到頭痛惡心。晚會后,她早晨醒來感到頭痛惡心。when it c

13、omes to -如果談到如果談到eg. He always has a lot to talk when it comes to computer games.underway - in progress; happening; in motion 在進(jìn)行中;正在發(fā)生;在運(yùn)動中在進(jìn)行中;正在發(fā)生;在運(yùn)動中eg. The ship has left the dock and it is underway. 船已經(jīng)駛離碼頭,正在航行之中。船已經(jīng)駛離碼頭,正在航行之中。in tandem -one behind the other 一前一后地;協(xié)力地一前一后地;協(xié)力地eg. The couple

14、arrived in tandem. 夫婦前后到達(dá)。夫婦前后到達(dá)。Para. 2 The first report would have landed on the desk with a resounding thump, had it not arrived in a PDF digital file that weighed nothing. (Thanks, Internet!) Its the fourth in an annual series of voluminous, carefully documented studies from the USC Annenberg ce

15、nter for the Digital Future, attempting to track “the most important technological development of our generation”.安南伯格數(shù)字未來中心Subjunctive mood:1) If +S + ved1, S + would/should + Veg. If you opened your mouth to speak out what you want to say, we would know what you are thinking.2) If + S + had Ved2,

16、S + would have + Ved2eg. If you had prepared your lesson, you would have done it right.Note: “were; had; should” in the conditional clause.Para. 3 Its only been a decade since the first decent Web browser began transforming the Net from something (cherished only by Star Trek fans with modems the siz

17、e of shoeboxes) to something (your mother uses). Yet the Annenbergers report that three quarters of all Americans have access to the Internet, spending an average of twelve-and-a-half hours a week online. Netheads abound in every age range, but for those between 12 and 18, usage approaches 100 perce

18、nt. Researchers in Annenberg School for Communication 南加州大學(xué)安南伯格傳播學(xué)院的研究人員have an opportunity or right to use something or approach somebody 有機(jī)會得到,接近net-addicts 網(wǎng)迷網(wǎng)迷abound -v. be found everywhere; to exist in great number; to teem; be abundant 數(shù)量充足的;豐富的數(shù)量充足的;豐富的eg. Deer and rabbits abound in this fore

19、st. 這片森林中有許多鹿和野兔。這片森林中有許多鹿和野兔。Though e-mail is still the No.1 activity, the study concludes that the Net has profoundly changed the way we spend money, keep in touch with our friends and get information (Internet users use the medium as their No.1 source of news, despite worries about credibility).

20、For millions, its as essential as air.Translate the sentence:研究報(bào)告得出的結(jié)論說,盡管收發(fā)電子郵件在人們的研究報(bào)告得出的結(jié)論說,盡管收發(fā)電子郵件在人們的網(wǎng)上活動中處于首位,但是,網(wǎng)絡(luò)同時(shí)也深深地改變網(wǎng)上活動中處于首位,但是,網(wǎng)絡(luò)同時(shí)也深深地改變了我們消費(fèi)、聯(lián)絡(luò)朋友和獲取信息的方式(盡管存在了我們消費(fèi)、聯(lián)絡(luò)朋友和獲取信息的方式(盡管存在著對這種媒介可信度的擔(dān)心,但因特網(wǎng)的用戶還是把著對這種媒介可信度的擔(dān)心,但因特網(wǎng)的用戶還是把它當(dāng)作第一消息來源)。對數(shù)以千計(jì)的人來說,網(wǎng)絡(luò)它當(dāng)作第一消息來源)。對數(shù)以千計(jì)的人來說,網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)和空氣一樣必不

21、可少了。已經(jīng)和空氣一樣必不可少了。Para. 4 Which brings us to the Internet Deprivation Study, commissioned by Yahoo and the media agency OMD. In an attempt to dramatize how we cant live without the Net, the companies hired ethnographic researchers to see if some typical wired-up Americans could cope for a fortnight o

22、ffline. Eventually, 28 brave souls in 13 households cut the Ethernet cord, entering the forbidding and barren world of our pioneer forefathers in the 1980s. Optimum Media Direction 浩騰媒體 美國網(wǎng)民以太網(wǎng)絡(luò) 人種學(xué)的Para. 5 You may be wondering how a modern citizen could make it through 14 days without Google, Outlo

23、ok, Rhapsody and the Wonkette. Could it be that going offline would put the participants in touch with a more convivial past, reaffirming the values of our ancestors? Not a chance. Oh, they gave it a shot. Some of them discovered that you could look up peoples numbers in a flat, pulpy tome called a

24、“phone book”.Translate the underlined sentence:其中有些人發(fā)現(xiàn),你可以在一本叫做其中有些人發(fā)現(xiàn),你可以在一本叫做“電話簿電話簿”的、的、厚厚的、紙做的大部頭書里查找人們的電話號碼。厚厚的、紙做的大部頭書里查找人們的電話號碼。spend 度過to go ahead and try something, even if you dont expect to be successful試一試(不管會不會 成功) Not a chance - It is impossible!give it a shot - to go ahead and try som

25、ething, even if you dont expect to be successful ; have a try 試一試試一試 (不管會不會成功)(不管會不會成功)eg. Youve never swum? You should give it a shot (or) take a shot at it. 你從來沒有游過泳嗎?那你應(yīng)該試一試。你從來沒有游過泳嗎?那你應(yīng)該試一試。Others dug out board games, reconnected to fax lines, stood in post-office lines and actually visited nei

26、ghbors. It wasnt easy. They were appalled to discover that going offline resulted in extra fees for using bank tellers, paper airline tickets and getting college course catalogs. One participant, attempting to catch up on the news, was forced to grapple with the archaic technology of the printed wor

27、d. “(I) felt very inconvenienced at having to carry around the paper, which was cumbersome.” 棋盤游戲棋盤游戲acquire information about something得到得到的的 try hard to solve a problem 努力解決努力解決Plus, it cost money! The subjects reported feeling “out of the loop”. In the words of one poor soul, “every day without t

28、he Internet is frustrating.” Thirty-five times, the subjects were forced to break the digital fast, invoking a “l(fā)ifeline” provision that permitted a one-time cyberspace fix. When the experiment was over, the participants bolted for their machines and once again became whole.Translate the underlined

29、sentence:總共有總共有35次,受試者們?nèi)滩蛔〗K止了這種數(shù)字方面的次,受試者們?nèi)滩蛔〗K止了這種數(shù)字方面的禁食,求助于一條禁食,求助于一條“救命索救命索”約定,這一約定可以讓約定,這一約定可以讓他們過一次上網(wǎng)的癮。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束的時(shí)候,參與者們飛他們過一次上網(wǎng)的癮。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束的時(shí)候,參與者們飛快地奔向自己的電腦,又完全跟其融為一體了。快地奔向自己的電腦,又完全跟其融為一體了。fast -n. a period of fasting 禁食期;齋戒期禁食期;齋戒期eg. The religious leader went on a fast for a week to protest the war

30、in his country. 這個(gè)宗教領(lǐng)袖絕食一周,抗議這個(gè)國家的戰(zhàn)爭。這個(gè)宗教領(lǐng)袖絕食一周,抗議這個(gè)國家的戰(zhàn)爭。invoke -v. to resort to; to use or apply 借助;求助于;使用;運(yùn)用借助;求助于;使用;運(yùn)用eg. Through prayer, she invoked the help of God to cure her sick brother. 通過祈禱,她祈求上帝治愈他哥哥的病。通過祈禱,她祈求上帝治愈他哥哥的病。 Para. 6 The results of these studies arent so surprising; Internet

31、 usage is routinely woven into the fabric of our Jetson-esque lives, to a degree that exceeds even the most optimistic prognostications of a decade ago. Thats why the Yahoo/OMD study has the flavor of a reality television showgoing without broadband these days is scarier than anything the producers

32、of “Fear Factor” can contemplate.predictions 預(yù)言預(yù)言杰森式的生活杰森式的生活“誰敢來挑戰(zhàn)誰敢來挑戰(zhàn)”寬帶網(wǎng)寬帶網(wǎng)Para. 7 But there is a scarier prospect: the changes are just beginning. The very ubiquity and addictiveness of the Internet is spreading the online world even deeper into every area of communication, commerce and human i

33、nteraction. Dont try Googling the answer to where this will take us. Weve long ago strayed off the map.Translate the underlined sentences:不要試圖用不要試圖用Google搜索引擎來尋找這將把我們帶往何搜索引擎來尋找這將把我們帶往何處的答案。我們早就迷失了方向而難以找到。處的答案。我們早就迷失了方向而難以找到。無處不在無處不在contemplate - v. to ponder; to meditate; to think about sth. serious

34、ly 沉思;仔細(xì)考慮沉思;仔細(xì)考慮eg. The manager contemplated the results of the report for hours. 經(jīng)理對報(bào)告的結(jié)論,足足仔細(xì)考慮了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。經(jīng)理對報(bào)告的結(jié)論,足足仔細(xì)考慮了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。contemplation - n.ubiquity - n. ubiquitous - a. everywhere; found all over 普遍存在的;無所不在的普遍存在的;無所不在的Part One (Para.1) According to the Annenbergers report, the Internet, as the m

35、ost important technological development of our generation, is as essential as air. Part Two (Para. 2-3) Internet Deprivation Study” described vividly how we cant live without the Internet.Part Three (Para. 4-5) Part Four (Para. 6-7) It is hard to predict how the Internet will go a step further to ch

36、ange our life. As is shown in two research studies, the Internet has made a huge impact on our lives. The term “netiquette”, a combination of “net” and etiquette”, refers to an understood agreement of social and technical guidelines for Internet behavior.網(wǎng)禮一詞由網(wǎng)絡(luò)和禮儀合成,網(wǎng)禮一詞由網(wǎng)絡(luò)和禮儀合成,指的是指的是對國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上對國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

37、上的行為所規(guī)定的社會和技術(shù)準(zhǔn)則。的行為所規(guī)定的社會和技術(shù)準(zhǔn)則。Because communicating via the Internet is several steps removed from person-to-person communication, it is imperative to follow these guidelines in order to maintain good relationship with your Internet correspondents and service provider.由于由于通過通過國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交流比面對面交流省略了一些步國際互

38、聯(lián)網(wǎng)交流比面對面交流省略了一些步驟,所以遵守這些準(zhǔn)則驟,所以遵守這些準(zhǔn)則尤為必要尤為必要,這樣會使你這樣會使你同互聯(lián)同互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的通訊對象以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商網(wǎng)上的通訊對象以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)商保持保持良好的良好的關(guān)系關(guān)系。While the codes of netiquette are not legally binding,it is important to learn them and abide by them in order to avoid misunderstandings, ostracism, and revoked Internet privileges. 網(wǎng)禮規(guī)則不具有法律約束力,

39、但是掌握并遵守它們網(wǎng)禮規(guī)則不具有法律約束力,但是掌握并遵守它們很重要很重要,只,只有如此才能避免誤解、排斥以及被吊銷互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用權(quán)。有如此才能避免誤解、排斥以及被吊銷互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用權(quán)。 abide by:遵守遵守Netiquette 網(wǎng)絡(luò)禮節(jié)網(wǎng)絡(luò)禮節(jié)(Network etiquette) ostracism放逐放逐, 排斥排斥revoke撤回撤回, 廢除廢除, privilege特權(quán)特權(quán), 特別待遇特別待遇1. 他的規(guī)定動作完成得一般,但自選動作完成得很出他的規(guī)定動作完成得一般,但自選動作完成得很出 色。色。(optional)-His compulsory movements were ord

40、inary, but he did an excellent job in the optional part.-His required routine was completed so so, but his voluntary exercise was done remarkably / excellently.2. 我們可以在網(wǎng)上看到股票價(jià)格的實(shí)時(shí)信息。我們可以在網(wǎng)上看到股票價(jià)格的實(shí)時(shí)信息。 (have access to)-We have access to real time information about share prices on the Internet.-We ca

41、n get instant information about share prices on the internet.3. 一個(gè)成功的人必須是能夠挖掘自己獨(dú)特的潛能,并一個(gè)成功的人必須是能夠挖掘自己獨(dú)特的潛能,并 將其潛能充分發(fā)揮出來的人。將其潛能充分發(fā)揮出來的人。 (dig out)-A successful person is the one who can dig out his unique potential and bring this potential into full play. -A successful man must be the one who can une

42、arth his special / distinctive potential and bring it into full play.4. 技術(shù)人員供不應(yīng)求,以至于大公司競相招募未完成技術(shù)人員供不應(yīng)求,以至于大公司競相招募未完成 學(xué)業(yè)的學(xué)生。學(xué)業(yè)的學(xué)生。 (exceed)-The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. -

43、 The supply of technical staff falls behind the demand, resulting in big companies competition with each other in recruiting students before their graduation.5.敵人下決心要將這座城市徹底摧毀,就好像敵人下決心要將這座城市徹底摧毀,就好像 它從未存在過一樣。它從未存在過一樣。(off the map)-The enemy were determined to wipe the town off the map, as if it had

44、never existed.- The enemy decided to destroy the city completely and make it seem to have never existed before.Topics for Discussion1. In what ways has the Internet influenced our life? Cite examples to reinforce your answer.2. Do you think the Internet is as essential to us as air or food? Why or w

45、hy not? 3. Is there anything you may be worried about when you surf the Internet? What are they?4. How will the Internet continue to infiltrate our life as you imagine? Please justify your answer. No invention has received more praise and abuse than the Internet. Some people think that the Internet

46、is a curse and we dont need it. What is your opinion? Will you please write a passage of no less than 120 words to speak out your mind? The suggested title is Can We Do without the Internet?Sample 1 Is the Internet a Blessing or a Curse? Internet is an octopus whose feelers are avariciously stretchi

47、ng out and touching almost every field of our daily life as well as geographically every corner in the world. The current wisdom asserts that in times of information, internet serves primarily to quicken the pace of technical innovation. But I wonder what internet has, in reality, brought to the man

48、kind in our practical day-to-day life. Internet makes us a fool to whom those big companies dump their trashy goods. One may joyfully say that shopping online shows him/her the ease of life in a modern life. But it is actually not that easy. It suffices to say that the choice of goods online is very

49、 limited and the quality is totally unworthy of the high prices.Whats more, internet rapaciously plunders the resources of our spirit. For that matter, it is not just a cultural wasteland, but a vacuum, which sucks the very soul of civilization and art out of the user.One needs to look no further th

50、an teenagers to observe how they gradually turn into mouse potatoes and had it not for the internet, they would have employed those precious time to develop a meaningful hobby which will, by contrast, last for a life time. Let me quote another example. Last week, Sharon, one of my roommates, came ba

51、ck from the school library, complaining that she spent two hours of staring at the material to decide how to find a small cut to begin with her paper and found it did not help. Then she turned to the internet for help. She just switched on the computer, hit those lovely keys, moved the flexible mous

52、e, and then control C plus control V, and it was done! Everything was O. K. within one hour. It conspicuously implied that the excessive exploitation of internet drives people lazy. And the so called net culture provides us nothing but a vulgar world where nonstandard language is flowing while sex a

53、nd violence are sweeping over. Last but not least, internet overturns our traditional way of interpersonal communication. Someone came out and claimed that only on internet did people open their heart and tell the very truth of their own. However, in my point of view, if a person dares not speak fra

54、nkly face to face, which means he is supposed to bear the responsibility of what he said, how could you expect him to interact from the bottom of his heart online? Thus, communication online only promotes an opportunity for those idlers to fulfill curiosity. In conclusion, internet is a curse to us

55、rather than a blessing. It accelerates our pace of life but does no good to improve the quality of our life. I have often reflected upon the new vistas that internet has opened us, only to find that its demerits out weighs its merits. The only thing I can say now is that let us cast out nets forward

56、. Sifting through the history of the 20th century, Im fascinated by a treasure trove of beneficial and innovative breakthroughs in science and technology. In the past century, numerous creative inventions have been brought to us, leading to desirable transformations and speeding up the evolution of

57、human civilization. The diverse technological developments improve the productivity and entitle us to a more favorable life. And among all those ingenious designs, the advent of the Internet, I suppose, has the most profound significance to us mankind.Sample 2Is the Internet a Blessing or a Curse? Since the very date the Internet came into being, it has changed our life and work dramatical

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