翻譯三級筆譯實務工業(yè)發(fā)展Industry

1、翻譯三級筆譯實務 - 工業(yè)發(fā)展 （Industry）（ 總分： 140.00 ，做題時間： 90分鐘 ）一、B I /B（總題數(shù)：10,分數(shù)：20.00）1.We are soberly aware that China remains the worlds largest developing country, with a large population, weak economic foundation, uneven development, and challenges of unparalleled magnitude and complexity.（分數(shù)： 2.00 ）正確答案

2、： ()解析：我們清醒地認識到，中國仍然是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家。中國人口多、底子薄、發(fā)展很不平衡，在發(fā)展中遇到的矛盾和問題，無論是規(guī)模還是復雜性，都是世所罕見的。2.Britains largest manufacturing industry is the iron and steel industry and Britain remains one of the worlds major steel-producing nations.(分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： （）解析：英國最大的制造業(yè)是鋼鐵工業(yè)，而且英國一直是世界重要鋼鐵生產國之一。3 .The unprecedented h

3、igh-level exchanges between the two sides have given a strong boost to the strategic mutual trust and the overall improvement and growth of the China-US relations.（分數(shù)： 2.00 ）正確答案： （）解析：雙方高層接觸之多前所未有，大大增加了兩國戰(zhàn)略互信，推進了中美關系的改善和發(fā)展。4 .The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the wo

4、rld, affecting not only the economy but also the cultures of the world.（分數(shù)： 2.00 ）正確答案： （）解析：汽車工業(yè)是世界上最重要的工業(yè)，它不僅影響世界經濟，也影響世界文化。5 .Being the worlds fourth largest exporter of medicines, Britains pharmaceutical industry has some of the worlds largest multinational research-intensive manufacturers.（分數(shù)：

5、2.00 ）正確答案： ()解析：作為世界第四大藥品出口國，英國制藥業(yè)擁有一些世界上最大的跨國研究型生產商。6 .Ranked as one of the most important industries in Britain, the motor components industry consists of over 2,000 companies.(分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： ()解析：作為英國最重要的工業(yè)，汽車配件工業(yè)擁有2000 多家公司。7 .The footwear manufacturing industry is made up predominantly of sma

6、ll companies, increasingly under pressure from imports.(分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： ()解析：鞋、襪制造業(yè)主要是一些小型企業(yè)，它們越來越受到進口的壓力。 8 .Bio-medicine production, well-knows as a Golden Industry and remaining stagnant for years, was showing vigor of growth.(分數(shù)：2.00 )正確答案： ()解析：生物制藥，作為“金色產業(yè)”多年來一直處于停滯狀態(tài)，開始顯示出勃勃生機。9. A sound Chin

7、a-U. S. relationship serves the fundamental interest of the two countries and their people, and the peace, stability and development of the Asia-Pacific region and the world as well. (分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： （）解析：一個良好的中美關系符合兩國和兩國人民的根本利益，也有利于亞太乃至世界的和平、穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展。10. Chinas WTO entry makes it imperative for enterp

8、rises to increase their competitive power, and for industries to establish their comparative advantages.（分數(shù)： 2.00 ）正確答案： （）解析：中國加入 WTOI&切要求企業(yè)加強競爭力，確立產業(yè)競爭優(yōu)勢。二、B n/B（總題數(shù)：10,分數(shù)：20.00）11. 中國是個大國，百分之八十的人口從事農業(yè)，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。（分數(shù)： 2.00 ）正確答案： ()解析： China is a large country with four-fifths

9、 of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.12. 此時此刻，通過現(xiàn)代通信手段的奇跡，看到和聽到我們講話的人比整個世界歷史上任何時刻都要多。(分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： ()解析： At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people ar

10、e seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.13. 從她的文字看來，她是一個親切而慷慨的朋友，又不失敏銳的頭腦和絕佳的幽默感。(分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： ()解析： Her writing revealed her to be a kind and generous friend with a sharp wit and marvellous sense of humour.14. 我是1929年8月17日在阿巴拉契山脈煤礦區(qū)中心的肯塔基州出生

11、的，父親叫奧利弗鮑爾斯，母親叫埃達鮑爾 斯，我在他們的六個子女中排行老二。(分數(shù)：2.00 )正確答案： ()解析： Born on August 17,1929 in Kentucky, in the heart of the Appalachian coal-mining country,I was the second of six children of Oliver and Ida Powers.15. 他的眼睛格外大，卻少了原本該有的那份天真無邪，看著陌生人時尤其顯得老成。) 2.00 (分數(shù)：正確答案： ()解析： His eyes are too wide yet not as

12、 innocent as they should have been, especially when catching sight of strangers.16. 每個人都有各自的長處與缺點，應該互相學習，才能取人之長，補己之短。(分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： ()解析： Everyone has his own strong points as well as his shortcomings. They should learn from each other, so that each can adopt the others strong points, offset his o

13、wn weaknesses.17. 他點點頭，喉頭發(fā)緊，一句話也說不出來。(分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： ()解析： He nodded, unable to say anything through the tightness of his throat.18. 中國執(zhí)行改革開放政策，爭取在五十到七十年間發(fā)展起來。(分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： ()解析： By pursuing a policy of reform and opening to the outside world, China is striving to become developed within a 50-70

14、 years.19. 另外一些人可以在工廠農村住幾個月，在那里做調查，交朋友。(分數(shù)： 2.00 )正確答案： ()解析： Others can stay for a few months in the factories or villages, conducting investigations and making friends.20. 胡先生背著手，似乎在很有興趣地“欣賞”這幅作品。(分數(shù)：2.00 )正確答案： ()解析： Mr. Hu, with his hands resting behind his back, seemed to be appreciating the pi

15、cture with great interest.三、B HI/B(總題數(shù)：1,分數(shù)：60.00)21 .Bobal Industrialization/B Industrialization changed the world. Few places on earth have escaped its impact. However, the nature of the impact varies from place to place. Understanding the global consequences of industrialization requires an under

16、standing of how industrialization differed in each place. Industrialization is always initially a regional, not a national, phenomenon as demonstrated by the long industrial lag of the American South. Many other parts of Western Europe plus the United States followed Britain in the early 19th centur

17、y. A few other European regions - Sweden, Holland, northern Italy - began serious industrialization only at mid-century. The next big wave of new industrialization, beginning around the 1880s, embraced Russia and Japan. A final round (to present) included the rapid industrialization of the rest of t

18、he Pacific Rim (especially South Korea and Taiwan) by the 1960s. Various factors shaped the nature of industrialization in each place. In Britain, for example, industrialization succeeded when it depended on individual inventors and relatively small companies. It began to lag, however, in the corpor

19、ate climate of the later 19th century. In contrast, Germany surged forward when industrialization featured larger organizations, more impersonal management the state wasGermany, than artisan-tinkerers. In rather collaborative research and structures, also more directly involved in industrialization

20、than in Britain. French industrialization emphasized updated craft products. This reflected not only earlier national specialties, but also less adequate resources in coal, a factor that held heavy industry back. Furniture workers, for example, used pre-set designs to turn out furniture quickly, but

21、 they resented dilutions of their artistic skill. The United States industrialization depended on immigrant labor. Unlike Germany, however, the United States introduced laws that combated businesses big enough to throttle competition, though the impact of these laws was uneven. The United States wit

22、h its huge market also pioneered the new economic stage of mass consumerism that ultimately had a worldwide impact. The consequences of industrialization are, ultimately, global. By the early 19th century, Europes factories pushed back more traditional manufacturing in areas like Latin America and I

23、ndia. At the same time, industrial centers sought new food resources and raw materials, prompting these sectors to expand in places like Chile and Brazil. Gradually, however, other societies copied industrialization or at least developed an independent industrial sector. Much of 20th-century world h

24、istory, in fact, involves efforts by societies like India, China, Iran, or Brazil to reduce their dependence on imports and mount a selective export operation through industry.Industrializations environmental impact has also been international. Industrialization quickly affected local water and air

25、quality around factories. Industrial demands for agricultural products, like robber, caused deforestation and soil changes in places like Brazil. These patterns have accelerated as industrial growth has spread more widely, creating modern issues such as global warming. The world impact of industrial

26、ization, in these senses, remains an unfinished story as the 21st century begins. Given the global impact of industrialization, it is increasingly important that we understand its nature and its consequences. Whereas the impact of industrialization is easy to understand on a personal level - how it

27、affects where and how we work or live our lives - it is more difficult to understand its nature on a global level, particularly when its global pattern is so complex. History provides a means toward this understanding. By understanding the causes, the variations, and the historic consequences of the

28、 Industrial Revolution, we can better understand our present circumstances and, hopefully, shape future industrializations for the good.60.00)正確答案： （）解析： B 工業(yè)的全球化 /B 工業(yè)化改變了整個世界，影響了地球上幾乎每一個角落。然而，這種影響的性質卻因地而異。 要了解工業(yè)化的全球性后果， 就必須了解各地工業(yè)化的差異。 工業(yè)化總是發(fā)端于某個地區(qū)， 而不是整個國家，美國南方的工業(yè)長期落后于北方的事實便是明證。 19 世紀初，其它西歐地區(qū)和美國先后

29、步英國后塵，開始了工業(yè)革命。歐洲的其它地區(qū)如瑞典、 荷蘭和意大利北部則遲至19 世紀中葉才進入真正的工業(yè)革命。 19 世紀 80 年代左右開始的第二波工業(yè)革命，卷入了俄羅斯和日本。從 20 世紀 60 年代起延續(xù)至今的最后一波工業(yè)革命，則波及了太平洋沿岸的其它地區(qū)（尤其是韓國和臺灣） 。 影響各地工業(yè)化性質的因素紛繁復雜。 英國工業(yè)化的成功依靠的是發(fā)明家們和小公司的力量。但是在 19 世紀下半葉大公司形成氣候之后，英國便開始落后了。與此相對照，當更大型的機構、更客觀的管理結構和合作研究取代了傳統(tǒng)的手工藝人后，德國便迅速崛起了。在德國，政府對工業(yè)的干預也比英國更加直接。 法國的工業(yè)革命更為注重手

30、工藝產品的更新?lián)Q代。這不僅反映在法國早先一些特有的行業(yè)上，而且還因為法國相對匱乏的煤炭儲量阻礙了重工業(yè)的發(fā)展。家具工人按照預先設計好的圖樣能很快生產出家具，同時又對不能施展自己的手藝痛恨不已。在美國，工業(yè)化的發(fā)展依賴的是移民勞工。不過，與德國不同的是，美國用法律制約了扼殺競爭的大公司，盡管這些法律的影響并不均衡。享有巨大市場的美國，率先進入了大眾消費的經濟階段，并最終影響了整個世界。 工業(yè)化的結果最終必然是全球性的。 19 世紀初，歐洲的工廠把過時的傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)轉移到拉丁美洲和印度等地區(qū)。同時，在工業(yè)中心尋求新的食品和原料來源的過程中， 智利和巴西等國的相關產業(yè)因而得以發(fā)展。 其他非歐洲國家也在

31、仿效歐洲的工業(yè)革命，或者至少發(fā)展自己獨立的產業(yè)。在 20 世紀的大部分時間，印度、中國、伊朗和巴西等國都在致力于減少對進口產品的依賴，并有選擇地發(fā)展自己的出口工業(yè)。工業(yè)革命對環(huán)境的影響也是國際性的。工廠周圍地區(qū)的水和空氣的質量都很快受到了影響。工業(yè)對橡膠等農業(yè)產品的需求，導致了巴西等國森林的減少和土壤的變化。隨著工業(yè)化的擴展，這種現(xiàn)象也在變本加厲，從而引起了全球變暖等現(xiàn)代問題。在這些意義上，工業(yè)化的全球影響并沒有隨著21 世紀的到來而結束。 鑒于上述工業(yè)化的全球影響，我們必須盡快了解工業(yè)化的本質及其后果。在個人的層面上，工業(yè)化對我們的日常生活的影響自然不難理解，但是，在全球的層面上理清它如此復

32、雜的本質并非易事。好在歷史為我們提供了理解工業(yè)革命的手段。我們可以從工業(yè)革命的起因、其不同的形式及其歷史后果中，更清楚地看到自己所處的環(huán)境，并且有望更好地塑造工業(yè)化的未來。四、B IV/B（總題數(shù)：1,分數(shù)：40.00）22 .B中國加入WTO寸國內汽車工業(yè)的影響/B中國的汽車工業(yè)大致可以分為兩部分：中方獨資公司和跨國公司控股的中國公司。中國汽車工業(yè)有以下優(yōu)勢：首先，中國在 21 世紀將成為世界上最大的消費市場。其次，中國已建立起完整的汽車工業(yè)體系，某些產品已達到 20 世紀 90 年代國際技術水平。再次，某些進口車型已高度本土化。最后，廉價的勞動力是中國戰(zhàn)勝外國競爭者的武器。中國加入WTM對

33、國內汽車工業(yè)產生重大積極影響。第一，加入WTOT以加快汽車市場的發(fā)展。第二，加入WTO1以降低用于汽車工業(yè)的某些產品的價格。第三，貿易自由化將刺激國際貿易的發(fā)展并刺激汽車出口。最后，隨著個人成為汽車的主力，加入WTM加速私有汽車市場的發(fā)展。中國加入WTO1將產生消極影響。第一，來自日本、美國、德國、法國、意大利以及其它國家的大型汽車公司將顯示出他們的優(yōu)勢并利用其技術、營銷以及運轉資金方面的優(yōu)勢。第二，加入 WT詬，市場的快速自由化將使中國的汽車制造商的稅收和利潤大幅下跌，這將迫使汽車制造商解聘許多雇員。 1992 年年末，中國汽車工業(yè)在崗人數(shù)約為 185 萬人。第三，稅收和利潤的萎縮將大幅減少

34、政府征自汽車工業(yè)的稅收。 1992 年，汽車工業(yè)的總產值占全年國內工業(yè)總產值的12%。 1997 年，汽車工業(yè)繳納利稅200 億人民幣，占國民生產總值重要部分。進口的減少將造成關稅及其它從國外進口的汽車相關的產品稅收的顯著下降。最后，一旦跨國公司在中國建立起銷售網(wǎng)絡，他們將能夠在國內市場上推出許多產品和服務。（分數(shù)：40.00 ）正確答案： ()解析： BInfluence of Chinas WTO Accession on Domestic Automotive Industry/B Chinas automotive industry can be roughly divided int

35、o two factions: purely Chinese companies and Chinese companies working under multinational automotive groups. The Chinese automotive industry is strong in several aspects. First, China will become the worlds largest consumer of automobiles in the 21st century. Second, China has established a complet

36、e automotive industrial system, with some car products reaching international technological levels equivalent to those of the 1990s. Third, some imported models have been highly localized. Finally, cheap labor is a weapon that China can use to fight against foreign competitors. Chinas WTO entry will

37、 have a good deal of positive influence on domestic automotive industry. First, WTO accession may advance the growth of the auto market. Second, entering the WTO may lower the prices of products used in the automotive industry. Third, trade liberalization will spur the development of international trade and stimulate automobile exports. Finally, the WTO entrance will accelerate the development of the private auto market, as individuals will be the major