報刊英語標(biāo)題用詞

1、Word usages of headline Functions of headlines: guideSummarizing the storyArousing the readers interestBeautifying the newspaper pageIndicating how much importance each news item has Principles : ABC (accuracy, brevity, clarity) content grammar structureGrammatical features of headlines1.省略現(xiàn)象2.時態(tài)表述3

2、.語態(tài)形式4.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號Grammatical features of headline1.省略現(xiàn)象： 虛詞省略 a. 冠詞（Articles) e.g. 37 Killed in Italian Plane Crash b. 連詞and( by comma) e.g. Laurel, Aquino Cut Ties c. 人稱代詞( personal pronoun) e.g. Mother, Daughter Share Fullbright Year d.系動詞 be (copula) e.g. Political Efforts ( are) Vital to Reform -Party

3、 Leader Three Dead After Inhaling Oven Gas e. 助動詞 (auxiliary verb) e.g. Financier Killed by Burglars Moscows Food Prices SoaringNote: 某些虛詞保留以顧全某些習(xí)語或詞組的完整性 e.g. Combat on the Web ( specify the Internet) TB on the rise Again in London (fixed phrase) Practice: identify what is omitted in the following

4、headlines1. Murders Caught-Thanks to Monkey2. Overseas Investment not Just About Buys3. EU Imposes Anti-dumping Duties on Tiles4. Fujitsu, Toshiba Unveil Merger5. Search for Plane Ongoing ( An Australia aircraft vanished with magnate aboard - June 22,2010; Globe Times)6. Witty, Inventive furniture d

5、ominates Milan Exposition7. Forecast of Mexican quake accurate, but ignored8. Tourist arrested for espionage charges Grammatical features of headline2. 時態(tài)表述時態(tài)表述 brevity journalistic present tense Simple present is the most commonly used tense in headline to give the reader a sense of “timeliness” by

6、 giving a vivid, eyewitness account. *一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時： 當(dāng)前存在當(dāng)前存在 + 剛剛發(fā)生剛剛發(fā)生 e.g. Heavy Rain Lashes (-ed) City *一般將來時一般將來時：未來動作未來動作 will + 動詞原形動詞原形 be + 動詞不定式動詞不定式 （be通常省略）通常省略） e.g. Largest Chinese Trade Delegation to Visit US in Nov. Shanxi to invest large sums for tourism 2 EC officials to visit U.S. t

7、o pave way for trade talks *現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： 正在進(jìn)行動作，正在進(jìn)行動作， 正在變化事件正在變化事件 be + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 （be通常省略）通常省略） e.g. Deposits, Loans Rising in HK Radio ,TV coverage widening Practice: identify the missing word(s) and tense in each headline. 1. Defending Champion Liu Quits Games for Injury 2. Automobiles in the yea

8、rs to come 3. Looking to the Future of a New Brand Day 4. Volcano Strikes Town in Congo 5. Poll: U.S. Rich Eyeing Space Tourism 6. US and Egypt hold air exercises But: 7. Unemployment in U.K. increased in October3. 語態(tài)形式語態(tài)形式 e.g. Journalist Fired in Spy Debate4. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號 comma : substitute for and to

9、 save space dash: to show the speakers identity for stress & immediateness colon: to hint quotation or comment e.g. Guangzhou Fair Close, Trade Booms Eleven dead, 200 injured in concert blast Protests sweep Israel, Palestine Workd Unity Against Terrorism NeededBrown Economy grows slowly as unemploym

10、ent, inflation rise -economist Kissinger reasserts: Sino-US ties crucial Putin: Muslim Nations Call for End to Tension in Bosnia-Hergezervena (波黑）波黑） Chinese Cooks: Masters at Turning Turnip into Flower Practice: add the missing word(s) to each of the headlines and translate them into Chinese1. Glob

11、al Poll: Fashion Models “Too Thin”2. What Declining Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?3. 3 in 10 Mid-life Couples Abandon Sex for Stress from Life4. Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low5. Great Wall at Top of “Worlds New Seven Wonders”6. Both Ends of Films to be Shortened7. Police Ruch t

12、o Shut Down Performance by Underdressed Actress8. Lots of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk9. US, Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War10.Chinese Stocks Sink to Record Low amid Growing Inflation Concern1. short word 2. initials or acronyms3. shorted words or shortening4. foreign words or loanw

13、ord 5. new word1.簡短詞簡短詞2.縮略詞縮略詞3.節(jié)縮詞節(jié)縮詞4.外來詞外來詞5.新詞新詞Word usages of headline 1. short word 英語新聞標(biāo)題常用單音節(jié)詞英語新聞標(biāo)題常用單音節(jié)詞(monosyllabic)代替長詞代替長詞 或大詞。標(biāo)題講究切實(shí)達(dá)意，形象生動，多用所謂或大詞。標(biāo)題講究切實(shí)達(dá)意，形象生動，多用所謂的的 “小詞小詞”（synonyms of all work 萬能同義詞）萬能同義詞）. REASON? 報刊標(biāo)題的篇幅有限，用小詞可以節(jié)省空間又可報刊標(biāo)題的篇幅有限，用小詞可以節(jié)省空間又可以以免免 于移行于移行；小詞的詞義范疇寬廣而生

14、動；小詞的詞義范疇寬廣而生動. 政府政府削減削減津貼津貼 波及波及20萬戶萬戶 Allowance to be cut in 200.000 families 法國政府改組法國政府改組 閣員人數(shù)閣員人數(shù)銳減銳減 Reshuffle axes Frances cabinet 逃往以色列未果逃往以色列未果 埃猶太人陷埃猶太人陷囹圄囹圄 Ethiopia Jails Jews Escaping to IsraelreducedReduced dramaticallyPut into prison1. World ( watches, observes) mid-East peace talks 世界

15、關(guān)注中東和平談判世界關(guān)注中東和平談判 eyes2. Family planning ( promised / advocated ) in India 印度急需計劃生育印度急需計劃生育 urged 3. With jobs ( reductions), New York is losing war of brooms 紐約裁減清潔工，環(huán)境衛(wèi)生惡化紐約裁減清潔工，環(huán)境衛(wèi)生惡化 cuts4. Australia makes ( attempt ) to lure more Asian tourists 澳大利亞力圖吸引更多的亞洲游客澳大利亞力圖吸引更多的亞洲游客 bid 5. ROK seekin

16、g to upgrade (relations/relationship) with neighbor ties6. Supermarket (decide on, ready) plastic bag prices set7. Grass-roots activities, (important crucial) to development key8. Participants (express) their views candidly air9. Brown (promises, pledges) to give power to the people vows ChampionAss

17、istanceExplosionCounterfeitChildrenCollectionInvestigation AceAidBlastFake KidLinkProbeWithdrawaldemocratic relation distribute that can not be settled separation pledge opponent PulloutTiesStalematerift vow foe 2. initials or acronymsNPC drafts new law to stem corruption人大草擬新法人大草擬新法 遏制腐敗現(xiàn)象遏制腐敗現(xiàn)象PLO

18、 says big Israeli drive ahead巴解放組織：以色列即將大舉進(jìn)攻巴解放組織：以色列即將大舉進(jìn)攻The National Peoples CongressThe Palestine Liberation Organization Acronyms of some organizations： EU the European Union UNESCO the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization IMF the International Money Fun CPPCC the Ch

19、inese Peoples Political Consultative Conference PLA the Peoples Liberation Army例1. APEC conference for smaller firms underway (APEC=Asia Economic Cooperation 亞太經(jīng)貿(mào)合作組織)例2. CPC official praises NGOs role in relief work (CPC=the Communist Party of China中國共產(chǎn)黨; NGO=non-government organization)例3. NASA ma

20、kes third attempt to launch shuttle (NASA=National Aeronautics and Space Administration(美國)國家航空和宇宙航行局)例4. ROK woman tourist shot dead at DPRK resort(ROK= Republic of Korea; DPRK= Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea) Acronyms of ordinary nonce UFO DJI PC ABM NMD VCD DVDunidentified flying object Dow

21、-Jones indexpersonal computerantiballistic missileNational Missile Defensevideo compact discdigital video disc Acronyms of positions PM prime minister CEO chief executive officer GM general manager VIP very important person PA personal assistant DM defense minister4）. Acronyms of some organizationsB

22、BS (Bulletin Board System) 電子布告欄系統(tǒng)或(Bulletin Board Service)電子布告服務(wù) GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系統(tǒng) GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移動通信系統(tǒng) DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盤操作系統(tǒng) NMD (National Missile Defense) 國家導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng) 5） Acronyms of some organizationsCET GRE PETS (College English Test)

23、 大學(xué)英語等級考試 (Graduate Record Examination) 美國研究生入學(xué)考試 (Public English Test System) 全國英語等級考試DIY (Do It Yourself)指自己動手裝電腦，縫制衣服，做賀卡等 DVD (Digital Video Disc) 數(shù)字化視頻光盤 EMS (Express Mail Service) 郵政特快專遞 EQ (Emotional Quotient) 情商 IQ (Intelligence Quotient) 智商 IT (Information Technology) 信息技術(shù) VOD (Video on Dem

24、and) 視頻點(diǎn)播 IC I see 我明白 OIC Oh, I see 哦,我知道 LOL laughing out loudly 大聲笑 PEM Privacy enhanced mail 保密郵件 RSVP Reply if you please 請答復(fù) VG very good 很好ASAP As soon as possible盡快 BTW By the way 隨便說一下 CU See you 再見3. shorted words or abbreviations 節(jié)縮詞通過節(jié)縮詞通過“節(jié)頭去尾節(jié)頭去尾”（clipping or shortening）的方法將一些常）的方法將一些常

25、有有的名詞、形容詞等截短，以節(jié)省標(biāo)題字?jǐn)?shù)。的名詞、形容詞等截短，以節(jié)省標(biāo)題字?jǐn)?shù)。 簡縮詞的構(gòu)成與縮寫詞不同，其主要是通過去掉詞語的尾部或中間部簡縮詞的構(gòu)成與縮寫詞不同，其主要是通過去掉詞語的尾部或中間部分，或是將一個詞的首部加上另一個詞的尾部而構(gòu)成的。簡縮詞在英文報分，或是將一個詞的首部加上另一個詞的尾部而構(gòu)成的。簡縮詞在英文報刊上十分活躍，并且數(shù)量不斷增加，不僅用在標(biāo)題中，而且經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在文刊上十分活躍，并且數(shù)量不斷增加，不僅用在標(biāo)題中，而且經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在文章里。章里。 New groups boost hi-tech research(hi-tech=high technology)Shenzh

26、en SEZ to host intl trade meeting(intl=international) （1）留頭去尾）留頭去尾 Ad bach biz con gas memo pro rep uni advertisement; bachelor; business; convict ; gasoline; memorandum; professional; representative; university (2)截頭留尾截頭留尾 Cello chute wig coper Violoncello; parachute; periwig; helicopter(3)保留中間保留中間

27、 Flu=influenza fridge=refrigerator tec=detective vic=convict(4)保留首尾保留首尾 Ctee coml heliport infoport Maglevl nat committee ; commercial; helicopter port; information airport; magnetic levitations train; nationalist(5)不規(guī)則不規(guī)則 hanky= handkerchief pram=perambulator bookie=bookmaker4. foreign words or loanword 外來語外來語 (loanwords):即從非英語的語言中借用一些詞或詞組。它們在新即從非英語的語言中借用一些詞或詞組。它們在新聞標(biāo)題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，有些已被長期使用，在形式上與英語詞匯甚區(qū)別，聞標(biāo)題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，有些已被長期使用，在形式上與英語詞匯甚區(qū)別，有的用于新聞報