漢英翻譯課件之_句子翻譯中的減詞現(xiàn)象第四講

1、句子翻譯中的增詞/減詞現(xiàn)象 增詞有兩種情況，一是把原文句子里隱含的或上下文意思清楚而沒有寫出來的詞在譯文里補(bǔ)譯出來，使譯文清楚地表達(dá)原文的意思。也就是說，這樣的增詞是出于語義上的需要。v增補(bǔ)有助于完整表達(dá)語義的詞：v從長遠(yuǎn)來看，入世對中國實(shí)現(xiàn)國家農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化將產(chǎn)生積極影響。vIn the long run Chinas accession to the WTO will exert positive influence in accelerating the modernization of Chinas farming sector.v普通的老百姓能在不久的將來圓私家車之夢。vThe comm

2、on people will be able to realize their dream of owning a car.v我們要提倡顧全大局。vWe should advocate the spirit of taking the interest of the whole into account.v發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，保障供給，這是過去多年財(cái)政工作的第一條基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)。vThe first and basic experience gained in our financial work over the past years was that it is correct to secure sup

3、plies through economic growth.v中國的發(fā)展離不開世界，同樣世界的繁榮需要中國。vChina cannot develop independently without the rest of the world. Likewise, the world needs China if it is to attain prosperity.v增補(bǔ)表明邏輯關(guān)系的詞：v天快黑了，我們最好還是早點(diǎn)回家。vAs it is getting dark, we had better go home earlier.v 中美兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)上的相互依存在不斷加強(qiáng)，？經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系已成為中美關(guān)系的穩(wěn)

4、定器。v As the economies of China and the United States become increasingly interdependent, economic and trade cooperation has functioned as a stabilizer for relation between the two countries.v增補(bǔ)句法上不可或缺的詞語：v知道你考上了研究生，非常高興。vI was very delighted to know that you have been enrolled as a graduate student.

5、v兩支籃球隊(duì)旗鼓相當(dāng)，打得十分激烈。vThe two basketball teams were well-matched, and the game was hotly contested.v盡管水災(zāi)損失如此嚴(yán)重，舉國上下展開與洪水的斗爭是非常值得的。v Despite the serious damage in flooding, China deserve a lot credit for the nationwide efforts to deal with flooding.v其實(shí)，不把中文底子打好，什么也寫不成。v In fact, without a good foundatio

6、n of Chinese-writing, one cant hope to be successful in any kind of writing.v增補(bǔ)解釋性文字：v至解放前夕，園內(nèi)景物荒蕪殆盡，解放后進(jìn)行了修繕，恢復(fù)了當(dāng)年的景象。vOn the eve of the Liberation of China in 1949, the garden was reduced to a desolate waste. When New China was founded upon Liberation, it was renovated and restored to its former s

7、plendor.v甲方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)工地上的三通一平。（“三通一平”是建筑行業(yè)通行用語，“三通”系指通水電氣，通訊，道路；“一平”是平整土地。業(yè)內(nèi)人士都很熟悉）vParty A shall be responsible for the supply of water, electricity and gas, the provision of telecommunication facilities and road access, and for the leveling of the ground on the construction site. 在漢英句子翻譯中，通常有不少詞語要減譯。這種減譯

8、不是無緣無故地刪掉句中某些詞語，這些詞語盡管在譯文中未譯出來，但從上下文的字里行間還能看出其含義。去掉可有可無的詞語不僅可以避免譯文累贅臃腫，還可以使譯文更加簡潔流暢。省去原文中的某些范疇詞： 如：“緊張態(tài)勢”和“封閉狀態(tài)”只需分別用一個(gè)英語抽象名詞“tension”和“isolation”來翻譯。類似“態(tài)勢”“狀態(tài)”一類在特定詞組中失去具體意義，僅僅表明范疇的“輔助”詞還有不少，如“事業(yè)”“事情”“工作”“問題”“局面”“情況”“現(xiàn)象”等等。但是但是譯者首先要根據(jù)上下文，確定上述這些詞在句中是否有實(shí)際意義，如有實(shí)際意義就要譯出來，如沒有實(shí)際意義則應(yīng)該省略不譯，以免產(chǎn)生累贅而有不規(guī)范的英語。下

9、面這個(gè)句子中“問題”一詞有實(shí)際意義，需要譯出：我們必須培養(yǎng)分析問題，解決問題的能力。we must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合具體情況來處理問題。We should deal with the matter in light of the specific condition.局面正在失去控制。The situation is getting out of control.同樣的范疇詞，若其在句中沒有實(shí)際意義，在某些句子中均須省略不譯。你應(yīng)當(dāng)對退休問題抱積極態(tài)度。You should adopt a po

10、sitive attitude toward retirement.多年來，該國一直存在嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)現(xiàn)象。For many years, there has been serious unemployment in that country.大會(huì)準(zhǔn)備工作在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。Preparations for the conference continued.請及時(shí)向管理部門匯報(bào)工作情況。Please report your work to the management in a timely manner.政府結(jié)束了那個(gè)時(shí)期社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩不安的局面。The government put an end to th

11、e social unrest and upheaval.她把自己的一生獻(xiàn)給了兒童福利事業(yè)。She devoted her whole life to the welfare of children.他是在我不知道的情況下私自拿走的。He took it away without my knowledge.v省去意義重復(fù)的詞語：v世界各國人民應(yīng)攜手合作，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)。vPeople across the world should join hands in advancing the lofty cause of peace and development of manki

12、nd.v中國同世界各國各地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)交流與合作廣泛開展。vChina has engaged in extensive economic and technological exchanges and cooperation with other countries and regions.杭州不僅有風(fēng)景如畫的西湖，而且還有美味佳肴和漂亮的工藝品。Hangzhou boasts not only the picturesque West Lake, but also delicious food and pretty handicrafts.海峽兩岸的中國人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。The C

13、hinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same flesh and blood.務(wù)必要發(fā)揚(yáng)艱苦奮斗的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，提倡勤儉，崇尚節(jié)約。It is imperative to carry on the fine tradition of hard work and encourage frugality.他家里很窮，沒有什么衣服可穿，也沒有什么東西可吃。His family was so poor that they did not have enough food and clothing.國家要加大對中西部的支持力度。The

14、state will increase its support for the central and western areas.校醫(yī)給了這位同學(xué)一些治療感冒的藥。The school doctor gave the student some medicine for her cold.建立辦事高效，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)協(xié)調(diào)，行為規(guī)范的行政管理體系。1 To set up an administrative system with high efficiency in work, coordination in operation and standardization in behaviour.2 To

15、establish a high efficient, well-c o o r d i n a t e d a n d s t a n d a r d i z e d administrative system.v省去表述重復(fù)的詞語：v報(bào)應(yīng)，報(bào)應(yīng)！這就是報(bào)應(yīng)呀！vRetribution, retribution! This is what is called retribution!v他說的是他的觀點(diǎn)，而不是我的觀點(diǎn)。vWhat he said is his viewpoint, but not mine.v這些航天科學(xué)家為國家作出的貢獻(xiàn)比普通人所做的貢獻(xiàn)要大得多。vThese spaceflight scientist have made much more contributions for the state than the ordinary people have.美國仍在進(jìn)口中小型汽車，特別是從德國和日本進(jìn)口。Many small and medium-sized cars are still being imported, especially from German and Japan.美國人總是在遷居，他們從美國的一個(gè)地區(qū)遷往另一個(gè)地區(qū)，從一座城市遷往另一座城市，從農(nóng)村遷往城市，從市區(qū)遷往郊區(qū)。The American people a