大英虛擬語(yǔ)氣學(xué)習(xí)

1、虛虛 擬擬 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 氣氣 主講：主講： 王松昌王松昌虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望，假設(shè)或推測(cè)等而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望，假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。eg. If I were you, I should study English. I wish you could go with me. May you succeed! 1 用于用于條件條件從句從句2用于用于主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)從句從句3用于用于賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句從句4用于用于狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句從句5用于用于定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句從句6用于用于簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句wish, suggest,orderIt is/was+ 形

2、容詞形容詞thatIfas if, as though 動(dòng)詞形動(dòng)詞形式式時(shí)間時(shí)間從句從句主句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的的過(guò)去式一般用過(guò)去式一般用were）would should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形could might 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞would should have+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞could might與將來(lái)事實(shí)與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反可能相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形were to動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形would should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形could might基本用法基本用法 If p

3、laces _ alike, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were If we _ (know) that the books were available, we would have bought them yesterday.had known有時(shí)可以把含有助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可以把含有助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be或或have的虛擬條件句省去，而將的虛擬條件句省去，而將had, should, were等詞提到主語(yǔ)之前，即倒裝。等詞提到主語(yǔ)之前，即倒裝。If I were you ,

4、 I would go with him.=Were I you, I would go with him.If I had known the news, I would have told you about that .=Had I known the news, I would have told you about that. 倒裝用法倒裝用法 Had he worked harder, he _ the final examinations. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get throug

5、h D. could get through _ tomorrow morning, she would reach Beijing by this Sunday. A. Would she leave B. if she will leave C. Had she left D. Were she to leave主從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間不一致的情況。主從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間不一致的情況。有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。 eg. If you

6、 had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.If you had practiced speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently. (從句動(dòng)作指過(guò)去，主句動(dòng)作指現(xiàn)在）從句動(dòng)作指過(guò)去，主句動(dòng)作指現(xiàn)在） I could have called you yesterday, but I _ you telephone number. A. didnt have B. wont have C. hadnt have D. wouldnt have Peter

7、 _ the drivers test, but he wasnt calm enough in the last ten minutes. A. might have passed B. must have passed C. will passed D. ought to have passed“It is important （strange/natural/necessary/ vital /necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ natural/ essential/ desirable/ ） that ( should )+V.原形原形”

8、 ，表示某事，表示某事“重要重要”，“奇怪奇怪”，“自然自然”，“必要必要”等意義。等意義。eg. It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should)be postponed till tomorrow.用于主語(yǔ)從句中用于主語(yǔ)從句中 It is necessary that h

9、e _ (take) a good rest after working for a long time. It was ridiculous that he _ that way yesterday. A. behaved B. should behave C.shall behave D. would behave(should) take用于賓語(yǔ)從句用于賓語(yǔ)從句I wish從句結(jié)構(gòu)從句結(jié)構(gòu)Example與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過(guò)去式一般過(guò)去式I wish it were autumn now.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去完成式過(guò)去完成式He wishes(wished) he

10、 had not lost the chance.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反Would+V.原形原形I wish you would come soon. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. had slept C. might have slept D. have slept How he wished that he _ the concert! A. went to B. had gone to C.should have gone t

11、o D. would go to 在表示建議，要求，命令的詞在表示建議，要求，命令的詞 “suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire” 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中：后的賓語(yǔ)從句中： “(should) +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形” eg. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately. The doctor recommended that he _ for a few days. A. rests

12、B. rest C.rested D. will rest The doctor required that every member in his department _ (refer) to his report.(should) refer We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off His recommendation was that an experienced sales ma

13、nager _ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there. A. was sent B. send C. be sent D. would be sent用于狀語(yǔ)從句用于狀語(yǔ)從句1. even if /even though 主句和從句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含有主句和從句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣相同。非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣相同。eg. Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing. Even though

14、 he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.2.Though/althoughThough/Although he was Spanish, he spent most of his life in Germany. Well leave as arranged though it might rain tomorrow. ( 不用不用although) 指某種假設(shè)，只用指某種假設(shè)，只用though, 不用不用although. 3. As if/ as though從句的謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式從句的謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 （be用用wer

15、e）或或“had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”eg. He treats me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. It looks as though it is going to rain.表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。述語(yǔ)氣。 5. lest, for fear that, in case “以防，以免以防，以免” She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) for

16、get. Lest從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，(should)+V. 原形原形 For fear that, in case 既可用虛擬，也可既可用虛擬，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.用于定語(yǔ)從句用于定語(yǔ)從句1. “It is （ about/high) time(that)”,動(dòng)詞形式動(dòng)詞形式用過(guò)去式或用過(guò)去式或“should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”, 意為意為“(早）早）該做什么的時(shí)候了該做什么的時(shí)候了”. Its time we went to school. Its high time we did

17、our homework.2. Would rather, would sooner (寧愿），寧愿）， would just as soon (寧愿）后，寧愿）后，謂語(yǔ)用謂語(yǔ)用 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)虛擬表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)虛擬 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：表示過(guò)去虛擬過(guò)去完成時(shí)：表示過(guò)去虛擬用于簡(jiǎn)單句用于簡(jiǎn)單句常用有常用有2種形式，都表示祝愿：種形式，都表示祝愿：1Long live “萬(wàn)歲萬(wàn)歲”Long live the people!2May 用在句子開(kāi)頭用在句子開(kāi)頭May you be happy.May good luck be yours.May you do even better

18、.虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)化的形式。虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)化的形式。1.省略連詞省略連詞if 在書面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件從句中有在書面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had 或或should，可以省略，可以省略if，把這，把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。 eg. Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.2.用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句Without, but for (要不是）要不是）, othe

19、rwise, but that, except for, only, but, or eg. Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 But for your help(If it had not been for your help)I could not have done it. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 Without water and air, there _living things on the earth. A. be B. were no C. were to be D. was You _ your work ahead of time without their help. A. havent completed B. wouldnt have completed C. werent completing D.shouldnt have completed2.省略主句（常用以表示愿望）省略主句（常用以表示愿望）If only +would+V. 原形（或原形（或V