高二必修四unit4Grammar

1、Grammar 一一: V-ing 形式由形式由 “doing” 構成構成, 其其否定形式是否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以可以帶賓語或狀語構成帶賓語或狀語構成V-ing短語短語, 沒有人沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化稱和數(shù)的變化, 但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化?；?。V-ing 形式形式語態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been doneV-ing 形式在句中作形式在句中作定語定語和和狀語狀語是本是本單元的學習重點。單元的學習重點

2、。1. 作定語作定語 V-ing 形式可以單獨充當名詞的前置形式可以單獨充當名詞的前置修飾語修飾語, 這時有兩種情況。這時有兩種情況。1)-ing形式表示形式表示 “供作供作.之用之用”的意思的意思, 這類作定語的這類作定語的-ing形式過去叫動名詞。形式過去叫動名詞。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimmingA sleeping car = a car for sleeping2) -ing形式表示形式表示 “.的的” 意思意思, 過去過去叫叫 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 A sleeping child working people the rising sun -

3、ing形式短語作定語時一般放在它所形式短語作定語時一般放在它所修飾的名詞之后修飾的名詞之后, 相當于一個定語從句。相當于一個定語從句。如如: They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.2. 作狀語作狀語 可以表示時間可以表示時間, 原因原因, 結(jié)果結(jié)果, 條件條件, 行為行為方式或伴隨動作等。方式或伴隨動作等。Using your head, youll find a good way. ( )條件條件1) Four people entered

4、the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. (伴隨動作伴隨動作)2) Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. (原因原因)3) Working hard, youll surely succeed.條件條件4) The boy sat in front of the farm- house, cutting the branch.伴隨伴隨5) He came running back t

5、o tell me the news. 方式方式6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened. (時間時間, 可以在分詞前保留可以在分詞前保留when) 7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 結(jié)果結(jié)果8) 與邏輯主語構成獨立主格：與邏輯主語構成獨立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我

6、頭上。我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。有時也可用有時也可用with (without)+名詞（代詞名詞（代詞賓格）賓格）+分詞形式分詞形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著

7、燈睡著了。他點著燈睡著了。Attention Please -ing形式作狀語時形式作狀語時, 它的邏輯主語必須與它的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語是一致的。主句的主語是一致的。Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分詞的邏輯主語是分詞的邏輯主語是time, 而句子的主而句子的主語是語是I, 兩者不構成主謂關系兩者不構成主謂關系, 所以只能所以只能用獨立主格結(jié)構用獨立主格結(jié)構, 也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補充一個主語。充一個主語。) You see her step back appearing surprised.=

8、 You see her step back and she appears surprised.They also express their feelings using unspoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.His nose touched Mr. Cooks moving hand.=His nose touched Mr. Cooks hand which is moving.= They are visitors who come from

9、several countries.They are visitors coming from several countries.= This is an experience which is exciting.This is an exciting experience. 1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. Rewrite the following sentences.Wh

10、en approaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _ can speak seven languages.translating the songs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.who is standing4. Because he

11、comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.Coming from5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk _ _ _.doing herhomework1. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. (全國卷全國卷) A. says B. said C. to

12、 say D. saying2. _ around the fire, the tourists danced with the lo-cal people. (遼寧遼寧) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering3. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on your feet. (北京北京) A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept4. Do you wake up every m

13、orning _ energetic and ready to start a new day? (湖南湖南2011) A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt5. More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to an-other. (陜西陜西2011) A. making B. made C. to make D. having made6. _ at my classmates faces, I read the

14、same excite-ment in their eyes. (北北京京2010) A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked7. Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (湖南湖南2010) A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle8. Lots of rescue workers were working a

15、round the clock, _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (福建福建2010) A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 9. It rained heavily in the south, _ serious flooding in several provinces. (天津天津2010) A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause用動詞的用動詞的-ing形式改寫下列句子。形式

16、改寫下列句子。1. The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one. The picture _ on the wall is a world-famous one.2. Because he hadnt received an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. _ _ _ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.hangingNot having received3. When he sees

17、the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. _ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.4. Because it is Sunday, there are no students in the school. It _ _, there are no students in the school. Seeing being Sunday5. He hunted all the shops to look for a nice present for his mother. He hunt

18、ed all the shops, _ _ a nice present for his mother.looking for 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communicat