初三英語中考復(fù)習(xí)資料-01名詞參考word

1、初三系列復(fù)習(xí)資料（1）名詞考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練一、名詞【考點直擊】1可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法； 2名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法；3近義名詞的辨析?！久麕燑c睛】一、名詞的數(shù) 1單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2） 以s，x，ch，sh，結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3

2、）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，還有某些外來詞也只加-s，例如：p

3、hotophotos，pianopianos。 （6） 以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法情況 讀法 例詞 在ptkf等清輔音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztF等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdv等濁輔音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，t

4、oothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans；man, woman等作定語時，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。有個別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類的魚時，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。（8）單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：pe

5、ople, police等。（9）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。2 / 7（10）還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：科學(xué)名詞：physics, mathematics/maths游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名詞：news

6、, falls2不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 這類定語，例如：a piece of paper a

7、 piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可數(shù)名詞也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等來修飾。二、名詞的所有格 名詞所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)

8、系。1. 表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 s,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of China，the end

9、 of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有 s，則表示“分別有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Toms and Marys bikes（兩人各自的自行車）。兩個名詞并列，只有一個s，則表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）?！緦嵗馕觥?

10、.（2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題） These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 答案：C。該題考查的是名詞作定語時的變化。woman 作定語時要和被修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。2. (2004年河北省中考試題)This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D.

11、Anne and Janes 答案：D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個房間時，只在后面的名詞后加s。3. (2004年吉林省中考試題) -Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 答案：D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。從謂語動詞來判斷，主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。4. (2004年佛山市中考試題) -What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A.

12、hamburger B. chip C. tea 答案：C。該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有tea能喝。【中考演練】一. 單項填空1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner

13、3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of

14、 his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_

15、 has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out

16、 first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C

17、. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room二. 根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋，寫出所缺單詞。1. Weve got a lot of new _(雜志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _（頻道）, I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the _(航班) to London was p

18、ut off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite (季節(jié)) 5. -How many _(小刀) do you have? -Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world. 7. June 1st is _(兒童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of _(音樂) sound nice? -Yes. Its wo

19、nderful!10. May 12th is the International _(護士) Day. Lets say “ Thanks” to them for their work.三. 根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。1. “Whats your n_?” “Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang