第六章 檢驗(yàn)、索賠、不可抗力及仲裁

1、 王善論disputes1第六章 檢驗(yàn)、索賠、不可抗力和仲裁q商品檢驗(yàn)q索賠q不可抗力q 爭(zhēng)議解決 王善論disputes26.1 商品檢驗(yàn) 買方的檢驗(yàn)權(quán) 檢驗(yàn)的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn) 在出口國(guó)檢驗(yàn) shipping quality/quantity as final 裝船前檢驗(yàn) pre-shipment inspection, PSI clean report of findings, CRF 在進(jìn)口國(guó)檢驗(yàn) landing quality/quantity as final 在出口國(guó)檢驗(yàn)、進(jìn)口國(guó)復(fù)驗(yàn) 約定檢驗(yàn) vs. 法定檢驗(yàn) 檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu) 美國(guó)食品藥物管理局 Food and Drugs Administ

2、ration, FDA 瑞士日內(nèi)瓦通用鑒定公司 Societe Generale De Surveillance S.A., SGS 美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)人實(shí)驗(yàn)室 Underwriters Laboratory, UL 英國(guó)勞合氏公證行 Lloyds Surveyor www.lloydsoflondon.co.uk 國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局 王善論disputes4 檢驗(yàn)證書 檢驗(yàn)證書的種類 檢驗(yàn)證書的作用 賣方交貨的依據(jù) 海關(guān)驗(yàn)關(guān)放行的依據(jù) 賣方辦理結(jié)算的依據(jù) 索賠和理賠的依據(jù) 王善論disputes5 合同中的檢驗(yàn)條款 It is mutually agreed that t

3、he Certificate of Quality and Weight(Quantity) issued by the China Exit and Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau at the port/place of shipment shall be part of the documents to be presented for negotiation under the relevant L/C. The Buyer shall have the right to reinspect the quality and weight (

4、quantity) of the cargo. The reinspection fee shall be borne by the Buyer. Should the quality and/or weight (quantity) be found not in conformity with that of the contract, the Buyer is entitled to lodge with the Seller a claim which should be approved by survey reports issued by a recognized surveyo

5、r approved by the Seller. The claim, if any, shall be lodged within days after arrival of the cargo at the port/place of destination. 王善論disputes6【Case Study 6-1】 我出口公司A向新加坡公司B以CIF新加坡條件出口一批土特產(chǎn)品，B公司又將該批貨物轉(zhuǎn)賣給馬來(lái)西亞公司C。 貨到新加坡后, B發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物的質(zhì)量有問(wèn)題， 但B仍將原貨轉(zhuǎn)船至馬來(lái)西亞。其后, B公司在合同規(guī)定的索賠期限內(nèi)憑馬來(lái)西亞商檢機(jī)構(gòu)簽發(fā)的檢驗(yàn)證書， 向A公司提出退貨要求。A公司

6、應(yīng)如何處理？為什么？ 王善論disputes76.2 索賠 違約責(zé)任 索賠與理賠 索賠的依據(jù) 法律依據(jù) 事實(shí)依據(jù) 索賠期限 約定期限 法定期限 合理確定索賠的金額 王善論disputes8 合同中的索賠條款 Discrepancy and claim clause Any claim by the Buyer regarding the goods shipped should be filed within days after the arrival of the goods at the port/place of destination specified in the relativ

7、e Bill of Lading and/or transport document and supported by a survey report issued by a surveyor approved by the Seller. Claims in respect of matters within responsibility of insurance company, shipping company/other transportation organization will not be considered or entertained by the Seller. 王善

8、論disputes9【Case Study 6-2】某國(guó)公司以CIF鹿特丹出口食品1000箱，即期信用證付款，貨物裝運(yùn)后，憑已裝船清潔提單和已投保一切險(xiǎn)及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)單，向銀行收托貨款，貨到目的港后經(jīng)進(jìn)口人復(fù)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)下列情況：（1）該批貨物共有10個(gè)批號(hào)，抽查20箱，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中2個(gè)批號(hào)涉及200箱內(nèi)含沙門氏細(xì)菌超過(guò)進(jìn)口國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；（2）收貨人是實(shí)收998箱，短少2箱；（3）有15箱貨物外表情況良好，但箱內(nèi)貨物共短少60公斤。 試分析以上情況，進(jìn)口人應(yīng)分別向誰(shuí)索賠，并說(shuō)明理由。 王善論disputes10【Case Study 6-3】 我某企業(yè)向香港某商進(jìn)口20臺(tái)精密儀器，每臺(tái)3萬(wàn)港元。合同規(guī)定，任

9、何一方違約，應(yīng)支付另一方違約金1萬(wàn)港元。事后賣方只交付12臺(tái)，其余8臺(tái)不能交貨。當(dāng)時(shí)因市場(chǎng)價(jià)格上漲，每臺(tái)4萬(wàn)港元。賣方企圖賠付違約金1萬(wàn)港元以了結(jié)此案。但買方不同意 。在上述情況下，買方能向賣方索賠的金額應(yīng)為多少？為什么？ 王善論disputes116.3 不可抗力 不可抗力（force majeure）的含義 合同法第117條：不可抗力是指不能預(yù)見(jiàn)、不能避免并不能克服的客觀情況。 U.N. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, CISG, Art.79 引起不可抗力事件的原因 自然原因 社會(huì)原因 王善論dis

10、putes12 不可抗力條款 不可抗力事件的范圍 不可抗力事件的處理 變更合同 解除合同 通知 時(shí)間 方式 證明 by competent authorities 王善論disputes13 If the shipment of the contracted goods is prevented or delayed in whole or in part by reason of war, earthquake, flood, fire, storm, heavy snow or other causes of Force Majeure, the Seller shall not be l

11、iable for non-shipment or late shipment of the goods of this Contract. However, the Seller shall notify the Buyer by cable or telex and furnish the latter within days by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (China Chamber of Inter

12、national Commerce) attesting such event(s). 王善論disputes14【Case Study 6-4】 我某企業(yè)與某外商按國(guó)際市場(chǎng)通常規(guī)格訂約進(jìn)口某化工原料。訂約后不久，市價(jià)明顯上漲。交貨期限屆滿前，該商所屬生產(chǎn)該化工原料的工廠失火被毀，該商以該廠火災(zāi)屬不可抗力事件為由要求解除其交貨義務(wù)。對(duì)此， 我方應(yīng)如何處理？ 王善論disputes156.4 仲裁 糾紛解決方式 協(xié)商 Consultation 調(diào)解 Conciliation 仲裁 Arbitration 訴訟 Litigation ADRs, Alternative Disputes Resol

13、utions 王善論disputes16 仲裁的特點(diǎn) 自愿性 專業(yè)性 靈活性 保密性 獨(dú)立性 王善論disputes17 仲裁協(xié)議 仲裁協(xié)議的形式 合同中的仲裁條款 提交仲裁協(xié)議 仲裁協(xié)議的作用 表明雙方當(dāng)事人在發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí)自愿提交仲裁。約束當(dāng)事人在協(xié)商調(diào)解不成時(shí)，只能以仲裁方式解決爭(zhēng)議，不得向法院起訴。 仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)取得對(duì)爭(zhēng)議案件管轄權(quán)的依據(jù)。 排除法院對(duì)爭(zhēng)議案件的管轄權(quán)。 王善論disputes18 仲裁程序 仲裁申請(qǐng) 組建仲裁庭 仲裁審理 仲裁裁決 仲裁裁決的承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行 承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行外國(guó)仲裁裁決公約Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of

14、Foreign Arbitral Award 1958 王善論disputes19 合同中的仲裁條款 仲裁地點(diǎn) 仲裁機(jī)構(gòu) CIETAC - China International Economic & Trade Arbitration Commission CMAC - China Maritime Arbitration Commission ICC Court of Arbitration LCA - London Court of Arbitration AAA - American Arbitration Association 仲裁規(guī)則 仲裁裁決的效力 仲裁費(fèi)用 王善論20仲裁示范

15、條款 Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration which shall be conducted in accordance with the Commissions arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties. 王善論21All disputes arising out of or in connection with the present contract shall be submitted to the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chambe