初中語法課件

1、語法互動(dòng)（十四）復(fù)合句（賓語法互動(dòng)（十四）復(fù)合句（賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句）語從句、狀語從句、定語從句）名名 師師 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 睛睛名名 師師 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 睛睛考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 過過 關(guān)關(guān)考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 過過 關(guān)關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句名名 師師 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 睛睛 有一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。初中階有一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。初中階段涉及復(fù)合句的高頻考點(diǎn)在狀語從句、賓語從句和定語從句上。段涉及復(fù)合句的高頻考點(diǎn)在狀語從句、賓語從句和定語從句上?？键c(diǎn)一賓語從句考點(diǎn)一賓語從句當(dāng)一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)，該句叫賓語從句。其考點(diǎn)主當(dāng)一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)，該

2、句叫賓語從句。其考點(diǎn)主要是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞、語序及時(shí)態(tài)等。要是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞、語序及時(shí)態(tài)等。名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句1. 1. 賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序無論引導(dǎo)詞是無論引導(dǎo)詞是that, if, whether that, if, whether 還是特殊疑問詞，賓語還是特殊疑問詞，賓語從句的語序必須用陳述語序。如：從句的語序必須用陳述語序。如：Do you know what _ doing?Do you know what _ doing?你知道他正在做什么嗎？你知道他正在做什么嗎？2. 2. 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞(1

3、)(1)由由 that that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般為陳述句，引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般為陳述句，that that 在句在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，一般可省略。如：中不充當(dāng)任何成分，一般可省略。如：I dont know (that) he has come back from Shanghai.I dont know (that) he has come back from Shanghai.我不知道他已經(jīng)從上?；貋砹?。我不知道他已經(jīng)從上?；貋砹?。he is he is 名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句(2) (2) 由由 if if 或或 whether

4、whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if if 和和 whether whether 表示表示“是否是否”，在句中不作任何成分，通常，在句中不作任何成分，通?？梢曰Q?？梢曰Q。( (從句中有從句中有or notor not時(shí)，只能用時(shí)，只能用 whether)whether)。如：。如：I wonder whether or not he has come back.I wonder whether or not he has come back.我想知道他是不是已經(jīng)回來了。我想知道他是不是已經(jīng)回來了。(3)(3)由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問代詞由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的

5、賓語從句，疑問代詞 who,who,what, which, whomwhat, which, whom在從句中作主語或賓語。疑問副詞在從句中作主語或賓語。疑問副詞 when, where, why, how when, where, why, how 等在從句中作狀語。如：等在從句中作狀語。如：Do you know where he lives?Do you know where he lives?你知道他住在哪兒?jiǎn)?？你知道他住在哪兒?jiǎn)?？名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句3. 3. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)(1)(1)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從

6、句謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)具體情況使主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)具體情況使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。如：用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。如：He says that hell pass the exam.He says that hell pass the exam.他說他會(huì)通過考試的。他說他會(huì)通過考試的。 He says that he_ yesterday. He says that he_ yesterday. 他說他是昨天回來的。他說他是昨天回來的。came back came back 名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句(2)(2)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)

7、詞用相應(yīng)的過主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：去時(shí)態(tài)。如：She said that there_ many books on the desk. She said that there_ many books on the desk. 她說桌上有很多書。她說桌上有很多書。He told me he had finished his work. He told me he had finished his work. 他告訴我他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。他告訴我他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。(3)(3)如果從句表示的是客觀真理，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)影如果從句表示的是客觀真理，從句時(shí)

8、態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)影響，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：響，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The teacher told his students that the earth goes The teacher told his students that the earth goes around the sun.around the sun.老師告訴學(xué)生們地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。老師告訴學(xué)生們地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。were were 名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二 狀語從句狀語從句 如果句子在復(fù)合句中作狀語，則該句叫狀語從句。其考點(diǎn)如果句子在復(fù)合句中作狀語，則該句叫狀語從

9、句。其考點(diǎn)是從句引導(dǎo)詞及主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致問題。是從句引導(dǎo)詞及主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致問題。1. 1. 時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句由由when, before, after, until, as soon as, while, as,when, before, after, until, as soon as, while, as,sincesince等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫時(shí)間狀語從句。如：等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫時(shí)間狀語從句。如：Ill call you_ he comes back.Ill call you_ he comes back.他一回來我就給你打電話。他一回來我就給你打電話。He didnt go to

10、bed_ he finished his He didnt go to bed_ he finished his homework. homework. 他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。as soon as as soon as until until 名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句2. 2. 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句由由 if (if (如果如果) )引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫條件狀語從句。如：引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫條件狀語從句。如：Well go there by bike if it doesnt rain.Well go there by b

11、ike if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨，我們就騎自行車去那里。如果不下雨，我們就騎自行車去那里。名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句3. 3. 其他狀語從句及其引導(dǎo)詞其他狀語從句及其引導(dǎo)詞從句名稱從句名稱引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句where, whereverwhere, wherever原因狀語從句原因狀語從句because, as, since(because, as, since(既然既然) )目的狀語從句目的狀語從句so that(so that(以便以便), in order that(), in order tha

12、t(為了為了) )讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句though/although(though/although(雖然雖然) )，even if (even if (即使即使) )比較狀語從句比較狀語從句than, asthan, asasas, not as, not asasas結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句that, so that, sothat, so that, sothat, suchthat, suchthatthat( (以至于以至于) )名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句4.4.主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致問題主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致問題在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀

13、語從句中，主句和從句之間的復(fù)合在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句和從句之間的復(fù)合句時(shí)態(tài)一般有兩種情況：句時(shí)態(tài)一般有兩種情況：(1)(1)主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：Be careful when you cross the road.Be careful when you cross the road.過馬路時(shí)要小心。過馬路時(shí)要小心。名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句(2)(2)主將從現(xiàn)：主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如

14、：主將從現(xiàn)：主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：I will visit my good friend when I have time.I will visit my good friend when I have time.當(dāng)我有時(shí)間時(shí)，我將去看望我的好朋友。當(dāng)我有時(shí)間時(shí)，我將去看望我的好朋友。(3)(3)過去時(shí)態(tài)：若主從句都是在敘述過去的事情，則主從句過去時(shí)態(tài)：若主從句都是在敘述過去的事情，則主從句可以用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：可以用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Mother was cooking when I _ yesterday.Mother was cooking whe

15、n I _ yesterday.昨天我到家時(shí)，媽媽正在做飯。昨天我到家時(shí)，媽媽正在做飯。got home got home 名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三 定語從句定語從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。其考在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。其考點(diǎn)在關(guān)系詞點(diǎn)在關(guān)系詞that, which, whothat, which, who的選用。的選用。1. 1. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞的基本用法(1)that(1)that既可指人，也可指物。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，既可指人，也可指物。在定語從句中作主語或賓

16、語，作主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語時(shí)可省略。如：作主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語時(shí)可省略。如：The train that has just left is for Shanghai. The train that has just left is for Shanghai. (that (that 指物，作主語，不可省略指物，作主語，不可省略) )剛剛離開的那列火車是開往上海的。剛剛離開的那列火車是開往上海的。Is this the photo (that) you took last summerIs this the photo (that) you took last summer？(that (t

17、hat 指物，作賓語，可省略指物，作賓語，可省略) )這是你去年夏天照的照片嗎？這是你去年夏天照的照片嗎？名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句(2)which (2)which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不可指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語時(shí)可省略。省略，作賓語時(shí)可省略。whichwhich和和 thatthat一般可互換。如：一般可互換。如：The computer which/that I wanted to buy was sold out.The computer which/that I wanted t

18、o buy was sold out.我想買的電腦賣光了。我想買的電腦賣光了。(3)who(3)who和和whomwhom都指人。都指人。whowho在定語從句中作主語，在定語從句中作主語，whom whom 在定在定語從句中作賓語。在口語中，有時(shí)可用語從句中作賓語。在口語中，有時(shí)可用whowho或或 thatthat代替代替 whom,whom,whom whom 也可以省略。如：也可以省略。如：名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句The girl who plays the piano very well is his daughter.The g

19、irl who plays the piano very well is his daughter.那個(gè)鋼琴彈得很好的女孩兒是他女兒。那個(gè)鋼琴彈得很好的女孩兒是他女兒。Where is the girl (who/whom) you met last nightWhere is the girl (who/whom) you met last night？你昨晚遇到的那個(gè)女孩兒在哪里？你昨晚遇到的那個(gè)女孩兒在哪里？ 提醒提醒 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞在當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞在數(shù)上保持一致。數(shù)上保持一致。名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語

20、法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句2 2關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)，下列情況只能用當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)，下列情況只能用thatthat而不能用而不能用whichwhich：(1)(1)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如： It is the largest map that I have ever seen.It is the largest map that I have ever seen.它是我見過的最大的地圖。它是我見過的最大的地圖。(2)(2)當(dāng)先行詞被當(dāng)先行詞被 only, any, no, all, little,

21、few, theonly, any, no, all, little, few, theveryvery等詞修飾時(shí)。如：等詞修飾時(shí)。如：This is the only thing that you should care about.This is the only thing that you should care about.這是唯一一件你應(yīng)該關(guān)心的事情。這是唯一一件你應(yīng)該關(guān)心的事情。名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句(3)(3)當(dāng)先行詞為當(dāng)先行詞為all, something, everything, none,all, something

22、, everything, none,much, no one, the onemuch, no one, the one等代詞時(shí)。如：等代詞時(shí)。如：There is nothing that belongs to you in the room.There is nothing that belongs to you in the room.這個(gè)房間里沒有屬于你的東西。這個(gè)房間里沒有屬于你的東西。(4)(4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：We talked about the persons and things that we We talked about th

23、e persons and things that we remembered.remembered.我們談?wù)摿宋覀兯浀玫娜撕褪隆Ｎ覀冋務(wù)摿宋覀兯浀玫娜撕褪隆?5)(5)主句是以主句是以whichwhich引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。如：引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。如：Which of the books that you bought yesterday was Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Mo Yanwritten by Mo Yan？你昨天買的哪本書是莫言寫的？你昨天買的哪本書是莫言寫的？名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)

24、考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 過過 關(guān)關(guān)1 1The story _I read in the newspaper was aboutThe story _I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers. a common problem among teenagers. A Awhosewhose B Bwhowho C Cthatthat D Dwhere where 2 2The students_ I met in a football game areThe st

25、udents_ I met in a football game are my best friends now. my best friends now. A. when B A. when Bwhich Cwhich Cwho Dwho Dwhosewhose3. The first thing _we should do is to tell him3. The first thing _we should do is to tell him the good news. the good news. A Awho Bwho Bwhich Cwhich Cthat Dthat Dwhom

26、whomC C C C C C 名師點(diǎn)睛名師點(diǎn)睛考點(diǎn)過關(guān)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)語法互動(dòng)（十四）語法互動(dòng)（十四） 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句4 4He said that light _much faster than sound. He said that light _much faster than sound. A Ahas travelled B. travelling has travelled B. travelling C. travels D. travelled C. travels D. travelled 5 5Could you tell me _Could you tell me _？ Its

27、twenty minutes ride by bike.Its twenty minutes ride by bike. A. how can I get to your school A. how can I get to your school B Bhow much it costs to get to your school how much it costs to get to your school C Chow far it is from your home to your schoolhow far it is from your home to your school D Dhow long does it take me to get to your schoolhow long does it take me