初中英語語法復習名詞

1、名校通 初中英語語法復習 執(zhí)教老師執(zhí)教老師:樊老師樊老師2011 年年 05月月13 日日1 實詞：名詞，代詞，數次，動詞，形容詞，實詞：名詞，代詞，數次，動詞，形容詞，副詞副詞 虛詞：冠詞虛詞：冠詞 介詞介詞 連詞連詞 感嘆詞感嘆詞 兼詞：兼詞：work名詞名詞/動詞動詞 i like this work i work everyday 熟記已學過的名詞；熟記已學過的名詞； 掌握常用名詞的數的變化；掌握常用名詞的數的變化； 掌握名詞所有格的構成及其變化；掌握名詞所有格的構成及其變化； 掌握可數名詞與不可數名詞的區(qū)別及用法。掌握可數名詞與不可數名詞的區(qū)別及用法。 1.掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞

2、可分為：普通名掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名詞和專有名詞；詞和專有名詞；2.掌握名詞復數的構成、用法；名詞所有格的構掌握名詞復數的構成、用法；名詞所有格的構成方法及用法；成方法及用法；3.理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語、表理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語、表語、賓語、復合賓語、定語、狀語和同位語的語、賓語、復合賓語、定語、狀語和同位語的用法；用法；4.能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運用，能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運用，如：如：family, home, house; work, job等等 一、名詞一、名詞 1、名詞種類、名詞種類 2、名詞的數、名詞的數 3、名

3、詞的主謂一致、名詞的主謂一致名詞概念名詞概念 英語名詞可以分為兩大類：普通名詞英語名詞可以分為兩大類：普通名詞和專有名詞。學習英語名詞，通常要和專有名詞。學習英語名詞，通常要掌握掌握名詞的數（單數、復數）名詞的數（單數、復數）、格格（主要是所有格）、主謂一致（主要是所有格）、主謂一致等幾個等幾個語法概念。語法概念。 1. 普通名詞普通名詞 普通名詞根據其意義又可以分為四種：普通名詞根據其意義又可以分為四種：個體名詞個體名詞、集體名詞集體名詞、物質名詞物質名詞和和抽抽象名詞象名詞。(1) 個體名詞個體名詞 個體名詞可以指具體的人或物，也可以指一類人或個體名詞可以指具體的人或物，也可以指一類人或物

4、。例如：物。例如：desk 課桌，課桌，book 書，書，student 學生，學生，bird 鳥，鳥，house 房子。個體名詞有房子。個體名詞有單數單數和和復數復數之分。之分。我們在使用個體名詞時，不能我們在使用個體名詞時，不能“拿來就用拿來就用”，而應，而應當考慮到與限定其詞義的當考慮到與限定其詞義的各種限定詞各種限定詞連用。例如：連用。例如： have you found the your child? 你找到你的孩子了嗎？你找到你的孩子了嗎？ there are many some / about ten / no birds in the tree. 樹上有許多有一些樹上有許多有一

5、些/有大約有大約10只只/沒有鳥。沒有鳥。(2) 集體名詞集體名詞 集體名詞是指由個體組成的集合體，使用時集體名詞是指由個體組成的集合體，使用時視為視為復數名詞復數名詞。family 家庭，家庭，team 團隊，團隊，police 警方，警方，people 人民，人民，class班級。例班級。例如：如： there are a lot of people on the playground. 操場上有許多人。操場上有許多人。 the police have caught the head of the gang. 警察抓住了團伙的頭目。警察抓住了團伙的頭目。 有時，一個名詞可以用作有時，一個名

6、詞可以用作個體名詞個體名詞，也可用作，也可用作集集體名詞體名詞，視具體情況而定。例如：，視具體情況而定。例如： his family is not poor any more. 他家再也不窮了。他家再也不窮了。 i hope your family are quite well. 我希望你的家人身體都很好。我希望你的家人身體都很好。 were there many people at the meeting? 有許多人參加了會議嗎？有許多人參加了會議嗎？ the chinese are a hard-working people. 中華民族是一個勤勞的民族。中華民族是一個勤勞的民族。(3) 物

7、質名詞物質名詞 物質名詞是指那些物質名詞是指那些不能分成個體的物質不能分成個體的物質，例，例如：如：water 水，水，bread 面包，面包，metal 金屬，金屬，cotton 棉花，棉花，silk (蠶蠶)絲，絲，rain 雨，雨，air 空氣?？諝?。使用物質名詞，使用物質名詞，不不可以和可以和數詞、不定冠詞等數詞、不定冠詞等表示可數概念表示可數概念的限定詞連用，也的限定詞連用，也不不可能有可能有復復數形式數形式。例如：。例如： 我們我們不能不能說：說：there is a bread are two breads on the plate. 我們我們只能只能說：說：there is s

8、ome a little / two pieces of bread on the plate. 如果要給物質名詞計數，就要使用如果要給物質名詞計數，就要使用量詞量詞。例如：例如： a piece of bread 一塊面包一塊面包 two bottles of orange 兩瓶橘子汁兩瓶橘子汁 three bags of rice 三袋大米三袋大米 有些物質名詞也有些物質名詞也可用作個體名詞可用作個體名詞，這時，這時，可以用可以用不定冠詞不定冠詞，也可以用，也可以用復數復數形式。請形式。請比較：比較： paper is made of wood. 紙是用木材做的。紙是用木材做的。 （物質名

9、詞）（物質名詞） have you read todays paper? 今天的報紙你看了嗎？今天的報紙你看了嗎？ （個體名詞）（個體名詞）(4) 抽象名詞抽象名詞 抽象名詞是指那些抽象名詞是指那些抽象概念的名稱抽象概念的名稱，例如：，例如：work 工作，工作，pleasure 樂趣，樂趣，feeling 感覺，感覺，health 健康，健康，duty 責任，責任，weather 天氣。天氣。一般情況下，抽象名詞一般情況下，抽象名詞不能不能和和數詞數詞、不定不定冠詞冠詞等表示等表示可數概念的限定詞連用可數概念的限定詞連用，也不，也不可能有可能有復數形式復數形式。例如：。例如： we had

10、great fun playing with our good friends. 我們和好朋友在一起玩，很開心。我們和好朋友在一起玩，很開心。（不能說：不能說：a great fun） what is the weather like in your country? 你們國家的天氣怎樣？你們國家的天氣怎樣？ 有時，抽象名詞如果有時，抽象名詞如果被一個形容詞修飾，就具有被一個形容詞修飾，就具有了特定的性質了特定的性質，這時，可以用，這時，可以用不定冠詞不定冠詞來限定其來限定其意義。例如：意義。例如： there was a heavy rain last night. 昨天夜里下了一場大雨。昨

11、天夜里下了一場大雨。 有些抽象名詞也有些抽象名詞也可用作個體名詞可用作個體名詞，這時，可以用，這時，可以用不定冠詞不定冠詞，也可以用，也可以用復數形式復數形式。請比較：。請比較： the invention of the telephone took a long time. 電話的發(fā)明花費了很長時間。（抽象名詞）電話的發(fā)明花費了很長時間。（抽象名詞） the telephone is a wonderful invention. 電話是一項奇妙的發(fā)明。（個體名詞）電話是一項奇妙的發(fā)明。（個體名詞） 專有名詞是指專有名詞是指人名人名、地名地名、團體團體、機構機構等的等的名稱，名稱，月份月份、星

12、期星期、節(jié)日節(jié)日等名稱也是專有名等名稱也是專有名詞。專有名詞的詞。專有名詞的開頭字母要大寫開頭字母要大寫。例如：。例如： 人名人名：john, green, mr. wang等。等。 民族名民族名：chinese, english, french, australian等。等。 團體、機構名稱團體、機構名稱：the united nations 聯(lián)聯(lián)合國，合國，unesco聯(lián)合國教科文組織，聯(lián)合國教科文組織，wto 世界貿易組織，等。世界貿易組織，等。 地名地名：beijing, london, china, england, yellow river, wall street等。等。 月份、

13、星期、節(jié)日名稱月份、星期、節(jié)日名稱：january, saturday, christmas day, spring festival等。等。 對家人的稱呼對家人的稱呼：dad, mom / mum, auntie, granny, uncle john等。等。找規(guī)律找規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesheroesradiosphotos找規(guī)律找規(guī)律zoospianos 注注: belief-beliefs（信心）（信心）,roof-roofs（屋頂）（屋頂） , safe-safes（保險箱）（保險箱）, gulf-gulfs（海灣）則直接加（海灣）則直接加s不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化child

14、-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-men 名稱名稱 總稱總稱(謂語用復數謂語用復數) 一個人（單）一個人（單） 兩個人（復）兩個人（復） 中國人中國人 the chinese a chinese two chinese 瑞士人瑞士人 the swiss a swiss two swiss 澳大利亞人澳大利亞人 the australians an australian two australians 俄國人俄國人 the russians a russian two russians 意大利人意大利人 the italians an italian two it

15、alians 希臘人希臘人 the greek a greek two greeks 法國人法國人 the french a frenchman two frenchmen 日本人日本人 the japanese a japanese two japanese 美國人美國人 the americans an american two americans 印度人印度人 the indians an indian two indians 加拿大人加拿大人 the canadians a canadian two canadians 德國人德國人 the germans a germans two

16、germans 英國人英國人 the english an englishman two englishmen 瑞典人瑞典人 the swedish a swede two swedes *some bread is over there. *no news is good news. how much much a little little a lot of some any *they had much money. *he does little housework at home.(5) 可數名詞和不可數名詞可數名詞和不可數名詞 英語名詞有可數與不可數之分，可數名詞英語名詞有可數與不

17、可數之分，可數名詞通常是通常是個體名詞個體名詞和和集體名詞集體名詞，可以計數，可以計數，例如：例如：tree trees, child children, family families, class classes。 不可數名詞通常是不可數名詞通常是物質名詞物質名詞和和抽象名詞抽象名詞，water, paper, work, health。 a wind a rain a tea a beer a glass物質名詞轉化為可數名詞物質名詞轉化為可數名詞 rains woods winds times waters sands seas glasses抽象名詞轉化為可數名詞抽象名詞轉化為可數名

18、詞 beauty danger success surprise worry1、給名詞分分類、給名詞分分類a專有名詞專有名詞china beijing (國家名國家名地名，人名等地名，人名等)b普普通通名名詞詞可數名可數名詞詞個體名詞個體名詞集合名詞集合名詞 child manager grade family class people（民族）（民族）不可數不可數名詞名詞物質名詞物質名詞抽象名詞抽象名詞milk water (液態(tài)一般液態(tài)一般不可數不可數) , oil, news, information.hate(仇恨仇恨) peace (和平和平)專有名詞專有名詞（proper nouns

19、）和和普通名詞普通名詞 (common nouns）專有名詞專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構等專有的名稱，是某個（些）人，地方，機構等專有的名稱， 如如beijing，china等。等。普通名詞普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞， 如：如：book，sadness等。等。 1）個體名詞個體名詞（individual nouns）：表示某）：表示某類人或東西中的類人或東西中的 個體，如：個體，如：apple。 2）集體名詞集體名詞（collective nouns）：表示若干）：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：個個體組成的集合體，如：family

20、。 3）物質名詞物質名詞（material nouns）：表示無法）：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：分為個體的實物，如：milk。 4）抽象名詞抽象名詞（abstract nouns）：表示動作、）：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質、狀態(tài)、品質、 感情等抽象概念，如：感情等抽象概念，如：work。 1.several _ are talking under the treeand they are_. awoman;children bwoman;child cwomen;children 2. there are three in my family. (2004長春）長春） a.people b. pe

21、rson c. child 3. most students can go to college for further in our city. a. education b. information c.science 4.please give me _ paper. a. one b. a pieces c. a pieced. a piece of 5. this table is made of_. a. many glass b. some glasses c. glasses d. glass 1.several _ are talking under the treeand

22、they are_. awoman;children bwoman;child cwomen;children 2. there are three in my family. (2004長春）長春） a.people b. person c. child 3. most students can go to college for further in our city. a. education b. information c.science 4.please give me _ paper. a. one b. a pieces c. a pieced. a piece of 5. t

23、his table is made of_. a. many glass b. some glasses c. glasses d. glass c a a d d6. some _ came to our school for a visit that day. a.germans b.germen c.germany d.germanies 7. in the picture there are many_ and two_. a. sheeps; foxes b. sheeps; foxes c. sheep; foxes d. sheep;foxs 8.they write most

24、of their_ in english. a. business letter b. business letters c. businesses d. businesses letters 9._are_for cutting things. a. knife, used b. knives, using c. knife, using d. knives, used 10.john bought_for himself yesterday. a. two pairs of shoes b. two pair of shoe c. two pair of shoes d. two pair

25、s shoes6. some _ came to our school for a visit that day. a.germans b.germen c.germany d.germanies 7. in the picture there are many_ and two_. a. sheeps; foxes b. sheeps; foxes c. sheep; foxes d. sheep;foxs 8.they write most of their_ in english. a. business letter b. business letters c. businesses

26、d. businesses letters 9._are_for cutting things. a. knife, used b. knives, using c. knife, using d. knives, used 10.john bought_for himself yesterday. a. two pairs of shoes b. two pair of shoe c. two pair of shoes d. two pairs shoesdbaca根據所給單詞的正確形式填空：根據所給單詞的正確形式填空：1. different people may have differ

27、ent _. (idea)2. i often go to work on . (foot)3. i know one of the . (boy)4. mr. brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. please give them their . (photo)6. are there any in the box? (watch)7. there are twelve in a year. (month)8. would you like some ? (tomato)9. look at those in the boats! (people)10

28、. look! the are singing. (woman)11. jim has some . (knife)12. how much are these ? (vegetable)根據所給單詞的正確形式填空：根據所給單詞的正確形式填空：1. different people may have different _. (idea)2. i often go to work on . (foot)3. i know one of the . (boy)4. mr. brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. please give them their

29、. (photo)6. are there any in the box? (watch)7. there are twelve in a year. (month)8. would you like some ? (tomato)9. look at those in the boats! (people)10. look! the are singing. (woman)11. jim has some . (knife)12. how much are these ? (vegetable)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespe

30、oplewomenknivesvegetables1.the rich_not always happy. a.are b.is c.have d.has2.in britain,_are all painted red. a.letter boxes b.letters boxes c.letter box d.letters box3.there are four_and two_in the group. a.japanese，germen b.japaneses，germen c.japanese，germand.japanese，germans4.she was born in wu

31、han,but beijing has become her second_. a.home b.family c.house d.country 5.mother brought me_. a.a good news b.a piece of news c.many good news d.two news 1.the rich_not always happy. a.are b.is c.have d.has2.in britain,_are all painted red. a.letter boxes b.letters boxes c.letter box d.letters box

32、3.there are four_and two_in the group. a.japanese，germen b.japaneses，germen c.japanese，germand.japanese，germans4.she was born in wuhan,but beijing has become her second_. a.home b.family c.house d.country 5.mother brought me_. a.a good news b.a piece of news c.many good news d.two news aadab6.we can

33、 do the work better with_money and _ people. a.less,fewer b.fewer,less c.little,little d.few, few7.beijing is one of the most beautiful_in china. a.city b.cities c.citys d.the cities8.would you like_? a.some more meat b.any more meat c.many more meat d.more much meat 課時訓練課時訓練6.we can do the work bet

34、ter with_money and _ people. a.less,fewer b.fewer,less c.little,little d.few, few7.beijing is one of the most beautiful_in china. a.city b.cities c.citys d.the cities8.would you like_? a.some more meat b.any more meat c.many more meat d.more much meat 課時訓練課時訓練aba9.what can i do for you, sir? id like

35、 two_. a.bottle of milk b.bottles of milks c.bottles of milk d.bottle of milks10.“nightingal prize”is for_. a.workers b.scientists c.doctors d.nurse9.what can i do for you, sir? id like two_. a.bottle of milk b.bottles of milks c.bottles of milk d.bottle of milks10.“nightingal prize”is for_. a.worke

36、rs b.scientists c.doctors d.nursecd名詞的主謂一致名詞的主謂一致謂語和謂語基本保持單復數的一致謂語和謂語基本保持單復數的一致 tom and tim are right. three apples are on the desk. david is going to do some exercisers考點歸納考點歸納 1、主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時，謂語動詞、主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數形式用單數形式 如：如：the computer was a great invention. the water in the glass is

37、very cold. 2、集體名詞、集體名詞(如如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等等)做句子主語時做句子主語時, 如果表示整體概念如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式則謂語用單數形式,如：如：class three is a very good class. 如果表示其中的所有成員時如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用復數形式則謂語用復數形式,如：如：class three have a map of china. 4、maths, news等雖然有等雖然有s結尾結尾,但不是復數但不是復數,因因此謂語仍用單數：此謂語仍用單數：the

38、news is very exciting. 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等等名詞往往用復數形式名詞往往用復數形式,故謂語用復數。如：故謂語用復數。如： the trousers are very cheap and i want to take them. 6、用、用bothand連接兩個事物做主語時連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復數。謂語一般用復數。 如：如：both you and i are required to be here tomorrow. 7、eitheror或者或者 neithernor連接連接兩個人物做句子主語時兩

39、個人物做句子主語時,謂語采用就近原則。謂語采用就近原則。 如：如：either you or he is right. neither you nor i am going there.名詞在句中可以做名詞在句中可以做主語，表語，賓語，賓語補足主語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語，定語，狀語，同位語和呼語語，定語，狀語，同位語和呼語等如：等如：yesterday a boy came to see you. (主語主語)edison was a world-famous inventor. (表語表語)would you like some bananas? (賓語賓語)we chose him mo

40、nitor of our class.（賓語補足語）（賓語補足語）they will meet at the school gate. (定語定語)the new film will last two hours. (狀語狀語)mr smith, my first teacher, died yesterday.(同位語同位語)boys and girls, please look at the blackboard. (呼語呼語)1.名詞作定語一般用名詞作定語一般用單數單數。但以下名詞。但以下名詞woman, man作定語且作定語且修飾復數名詞時，作定語的名詞也用修飾復數名詞時，作定語的名詞

41、也用復數復數。2.“名詞作定語名詞作定語”與與“名詞所有格作定語名詞所有格作定語”名詞可以位于另外一名詞前作定語。名詞可以位于另外一名詞前作定語。名詞作定語在邏輯上表示名詞作定語在邏輯上表示中心詞的用途（職能）、材料、來源（地點）、時間，中心詞的用途（職能）、材料、來源（地點）、時間，還可以與還可以與中心詞構成主語中心詞構成主語補語、整體補語、整體部分、賓語部分、賓語動作者等關系。動作者等關系。a shoe shop鞋店，鞋店，a stone wall石墻，石墻，a mountain plant高山植物，高山植物，august weather八月的天氣，八月的天氣，a girl friend女

42、朋友，女朋友，a street sweeper掃路機，掃路機，telephone number電話號碼，電話號碼，evening dress晚禮服晚禮服,coffee cup咖啡杯，咖啡杯，boy students男學生，男學生，girl player女選手；女選手；men teachers男老師，男老師，women doctors女醫(yī)女醫(yī)生等。生等。 名詞所有格是表示一種名詞所有格是表示一種所有關系所有關系。一般來說只有下列名詞才有。一般來說只有下列名詞才有所有格形式：所有格形式：有生命的名詞、集體名詞、度量（重量、價格、距有生命的名詞、集體名詞、度量（重量、價格、距離、長度、時間等）名詞以

43、及國家、城市、地區(qū)等名詞后可加離、長度、時間等）名詞以及國家、城市、地區(qū)等名詞后可加s構成所有格。構成所有格。例如例如:ten minutes walk 10分鐘的路程，分鐘的路程，todays newspaper今天的報紙，今天的報紙，beijings street北京的街道，北京的街道，toms home湯姆的家等。湯姆的家等。1. _ turn green in spring. a. leaf b. leafs c. leave d. leaves2. he dropped the _ and broke it. a. cup of coffee b. coffees cup c. cu

44、p for coffee d. coffee cup3. i need _ cloth, for im going to make _ clothes. a. a lot of; many b. much; much c. many; many d. many; a lot1. _ turn green in spring. a. leaf b. leafs c. leave d. leaves2. he dropped the _ and broke it. a. cup of coffee b. coffees cup c. cup for coffee d. coffee cup3. i

45、 need _ cloth, for im going to make _ clothes. a. a lot of; many b. much; much c. many; many d. many; a lot4. he gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. a. wealth; work b. wealths; works c. wealths; work d. wealth; works5. many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other

46、forms of _. a. energy b. source c. power d. material 6. youll find this map of great _ in helping you to get round london. a. price b. cost c. value d. usefulness4. he gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. a. wealth; work b. wealths; works c. wealths; work d. wealth; works5. many countries a

47、re increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _. a. energy b. source c. power d. material 6. youll find this map of great _ in helping you to get round london. a. price b. cost c. value d. usefulness7. - who did you spend last weekend with? - _ . a. palmers b. the palmers c. the pa

48、lmers d. the palmers8. my parents always let me have my own _ of living. a. way b. method c. manner d. fashion9. the lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _ of courage and power. a. example b. sign c. mark d. symbol 7. - who did you spend last weekend with? - _ . a. palmers b. the

49、palmers c. the palmers d. the palmers8. my parents always let me have my own _ of living. a. way b. method c. manner d. fashion9. the lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _ of courage and power. a. example b. sign c. mark d. symbol 10. we volunteered to collect money to help the _

50、 of the earthquake. a. victims b. folks c. fellows d. villagers11. if you dont take away all your things from the desk, there wont be enough _ for my stationery. a. area b. place c. room d. surface12. it is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _ . a. rewa

51、rds b. prizes c. awards d. results10. we volunteered to collect money to help the _ of the earthquake. a. victims b. folks c. fellows d. villagers11. if you dont take away all your things from the desk, there wont be enough _ for my stationery. a. area b. place c. room d. surface12. it is widely acc

52、epted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _ . a. rewards b. prizes c. awards d. results13. in the botanic garden we can find a(n) _ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. a. species b. group c. amount d. variety14. - can you shoot that bird at the top of

53、 the tree? - no, its out of _ .a. range b. reach c. control d. distance15. the life of london is made up of many different _ . a. elements b. sections c. material d. realities13. in the botanic garden we can find a(n) _ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. a. species b. group c. am

54、ount d. variety14. - can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree? - no, its out of _ .a. range b. reach c. control d. distance15. the life of london is made up of many different _ . a. elements b. sections c. material d. realities16. for the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a

55、warm _ . a. weather b. temperature c. season d. climate17. to regain their _ after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass. a. force b. energy c. power d. health18. i saw bob play the piano at johns party and on that _ he was simply brilliant. a. scene b. circumstance c. occasion d. situati

56、on16. for the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _ . a. weather b. temperature c. season d. climate17. to regain their _ after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass. a. force b. energy c. power d. health18. i saw bob play the piano at johns party and on that _ he

57、was simply brilliant. a. scene b. circumstance c. occasion d. situation19. it cant be a(n) _ that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. a. coincidence b. accident c. incident d. chance20. according to the recent research, heavy coffee drink and heart attack is not necessarily _ and effect. a

58、. reason b. impact c. fact d. cause 21. - im sorry i stepped outside for a smoke. i was very tired. - there is no _ for this while you are on duty. a.reason b.excuse c.cause d.explanation19. it cant be a(n) _ that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. a. coincidence b. accident c. incident d

59、. chance20. according to the recent research, heavy coffee drink and heart attack is not necessarily _ and effect. a. reason b. impact c. fact d. cause 21. - im sorry i stepped outside for a smoke. i was very tired. - there is no _ for this while you are on duty. a.reason b.excuse c.cause d.explanat

60、ion22. the manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. aidea bsense cthought dthinking23. dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _ of little children. a. hand b. reach c. space d. distance24. the environmentalists and wild goats _ on the vast grasslands was a good i