英語音標(biāo)發(fā)音標(biāo)準(zhǔn)【附發(fā)音器官示意圖

1、英語國際音標(biāo)發(fā)音標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國際音標(biāo)（英語語音）元音單元音前元音i:ie中元音:后元音u:u:a:雙元音開合雙元音eiaiiuau集中雙元音iu輔音爆破音清輔音ptk濁輔音bdg摩擦音清輔音fsh濁輔音vzr破擦音清輔音ttrts濁輔音ddrdz鼻音（濁輔音）mn舌則音（濁輔音）l(l)半元音（濁輔音）wj語音知識(shí)：1) 字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素：音的最小單位。英語共48個(gè)音素，其中元音音素20個(gè)，輔音音素28個(gè)。3) 元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。4) 輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。

2、5) 音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。apple，student，teacher，understand。 6) 開音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike home due； b) 輔音+元音 he，go，hi。7) 閉音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup； b)元音+輔音 it。8) 前中后元音：根據(jù)舌位的變化，元音又可分為前元音、中元音和后元音。舌位在口腔前部的時(shí)候發(fā)出的元音叫做前元音，舌位在口腔中部的時(shí)候發(fā)出的元音叫做中元音，同理，舌位后縮到口腔后部發(fā)出的元音就叫做后元音。9）28個(gè)輔音按發(fā)音時(shí)是否振動(dòng)聲帶分為清輔音和濁輔音。按發(fā)音時(shí)以不同方

3、式調(diào)動(dòng)的不同發(fā)音器官來分類，英語輔音又可分為爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、舌邊音、半元音。發(fā)音器官圖及說明發(fā)音主要分為三部分：喉部、口腔、鼻腔。A、喉部的發(fā)音器官：1氣管2聲帶(包括聲門)3會(huì)厭軟骨B、口腔的發(fā)音器官：4舌：a.舌端 b.舌前部 c.舌后部d.舌根5硬腭6. 軟腭7上齒齦 8牙齒9唇 l0小舌C、鼻腔26個(gè)英文字母音標(biāo)表發(fā) 音 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)一、元音的發(fā)音單元音第一節(jié) 前元音發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖輕抵下齒，前舌部向上腭抬起，口形扁而平。發(fā)音時(shí)間延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)。例詞：Be meat sheep secret believe例句：I dont believe it.He feels very

4、weak.發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口形扁平，發(fā)音時(shí)間短促。例詞：It big rich visit loaded business例句：Its a very big city.I feel a bit dizzy.發(fā)音方法描述：舌尖抵下齒，前舌部向硬腭抬起，口形扁平，氣流從口腔泄出，聲帶振動(dòng)。發(fā)音時(shí)間短促。例詞：Fed best them wedding refresh例句：Well fed,well bred.I will never forget petty.發(fā)音方法描述：舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬，雙唇開口度較大，并向兩邊平展，發(fā)音短促。例詞：At have fla

5、t stand saturday例句:Im glad to know that.He was born in a happy family.第二節(jié) 后元音發(fā)音方法描述：舌身放低后縮，舌后部隆起，口形張大，全開，聲帶振動(dòng)。發(fā)音延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)。例詞：Art fast March party advance 例句：My father has a large farm.Please park your car in the car park.發(fā)音方法描述：舌身盡量降低并收縮，舌后部抬起。雙唇收?qǐng)A更收小，并稍向前突。發(fā)音延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)。例詞：Saw born course thought morning 例句：Th

6、ey are talking about Ford.I decided to go abroad after graduation.發(fā)音方法描述：舌身盡量降低并后縮，舌后部抬起，口形稍收?qǐng)A，開口比長(zhǎng)元音稍大但不向前突出。發(fā)音短促。例詞：Hot boss want doctor holiday 例句：Whos knocking at the door.Lost time is never found again.發(fā)音方法描述：舌身后縮，舌后部盡量抬起，口形較小較圓，較突出。發(fā)音延長(zhǎng)。例詞：Do you tooth choose June例句：You must follow the rules o

7、f the school.Whose shoes are these?發(fā)音方法描述：舌身后縮，舌后部抬起，口形收?qǐng)A，稍微突出， 比的口形略放松。發(fā)音短促。例詞：Book good put wood push例句：This book is a good cook-book.Let me have a look.第三節(jié) 中元音發(fā)音方法描述舌身后縮至口腔中部，舌后部稍抬起，雙唇較扁，開口較大。發(fā)音短促。例詞：Up but does rough thunder例句：The old man has got much money.I went to cinema just for fun.發(fā)音方法描述：舌

8、位抬高，舌身后縮并放平，口形微張，雙唇扁平，雙唇肌肉較緊張。發(fā)音延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)。例詞：Sir her third worth early例句：Can I help you,sir?Everybody deserves good services.發(fā)音方法描述：舌身放平，舌中部抬起，口形微開，雙唇扁平，雙唇肌肉放松。在詞首或詞中發(fā)得較模糊，在詞尾時(shí)應(yīng)該適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)。例詞：About again teacher writer paper例句：We ran along the river.She is a famous professor.第四節(jié) 單元音對(duì)比i: - ieat-it seek-sick rea

9、d-rid feel-fill keep-kip meal-mille - ibet-bit bed-bid set-sitfell-fill pen-pin - ebad-bed band-bend sad-saidhad-head gas-guess gat-get: - court-cot short-shot port-potlord-lot naught-not chalk-chocku:-upoor-pull food-foot fool-fullcool-cook tool-took shoot-shoulda:- dark-duck march-much lark-luckca

10、rt-cut calm-come- cat-cut hat-hut bad-budcap-cup ran-run wan-won雙元音發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音由向自然滑動(dòng)，滑動(dòng)過程中口形從半開到半合，舌位隨之抬高。例詞：Eight day face gate faithful例句：Its pay day today.Better late than never.發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時(shí)由向自然滑動(dòng)，滑動(dòng)過程中，口形逐漸由半開到小而圓，舌位由半低到高。例詞：Old so show note close例句：Its so cold.Please close the window.發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時(shí)由向滑動(dòng)

11、，滑動(dòng)過程中口形從開到合。發(fā)此音時(shí)注意把音發(fā)足。例詞：Eye tie ride knife arrive例句：The kite is flying in the shy.Prices are very high these days.發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時(shí)由向自然滑動(dòng)，滑動(dòng)過程中雙唇收攏收?qǐng)A，口形由大到小，舌位由低到高。例詞：Out how about cloud mountain例句：I couldnt help shouting out.The milk became sour.發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時(shí)由向自然滑動(dòng)，但不到舌位就停止了。滑動(dòng)的過程中雙唇逐漸由圓變扁，口形由大到小。例詞：Boy j

12、oy join enjoy spoil例句：He likes making noise in the class.The boy is spoilt by his parents.發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時(shí)由向自然滑動(dòng)，滑動(dòng)過程中發(fā)音較清楚，發(fā)音較弱，雙唇始終半開。 例詞：Ear fear here clear various例句：Im living near here.Students became all ears when their professor was teaching.發(fā)音方法描述：由向自然滑動(dòng)，滑動(dòng)過程中，開口程度稍稍收小。例詞：Air care hair share paren

13、t例句：Their parents stood over there.We rushed there in a tearing hurry.發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時(shí)由向自然滑動(dòng)，滑動(dòng)過程中口形由收?qǐng)A變?yōu)榘腴_。例詞：Poor tour sure rural cruel例句：The poor guy was not sure what to do.The tourists are unhappy with their tour.雙元音與單元音對(duì)比ei-ewait-wet say-said fade-fedlate-let pain-penu -:coal-call boat-bought woke-w

14、alkfold-ford low-law note-naughtai- a:life-laugh pike-park mike-markbike-bark like-lark kite-cartau- pound-pun town-tunnel round-runbout-but bow-bun down-duni- :toy-tall boy-bore loyal-lawoil-all coil-call joy-jawau- :loud-lord found-ford shout-shortcow-call house-horse now-naught雙元音對(duì)比u- aucrow-crow

15、d load-loud hole-howknow-now code-cow flow-flowerai-auby-bow find-found mice-mouseshy-shout fly-flower climb-cloudi-here-hair beer-bear fear-faircheer-chair peer-pair dear-dare 輔音 第一節(jié) 爆破音發(fā)音方法描述：雙唇閉緊，氣流突然沖開雙唇，沖出口腔。是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)。是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：Pit pay proper open happy bit blue baby bike bride例句：Chongqing

16、is famous for its hot pot.Betty walked in a busy street.發(fā)音方法描述：舌尖緊抵上齒齦，形成阻礙，然后突然分開，氣流沖出口腔。t是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)，d是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：too take touch right tight do dirt card tired sudden例句：Dont tell my teacher,Tom.David told me that Doctor Li would be his tutor this year.發(fā)音方法描述：舌后部抬起，緊貼軟腭，形成阻礙。氣流沖開阻礙后沖出口腔。k是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)

17、，g是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：Kick book like dock occasion gate get egg ghost guide例句：The book teaches us how to cook.All that glitters is not gold,第二節(jié) 爆破音對(duì)比p-bpig-big park-bark rope-robepull-bull cap-cab play-blamet-dtell-dell tear-dear right-rideheart-hard town-down seat-seedk-gclass-glass back-bag pick-pigdock-

18、dog coat-goat could-good第三節(jié) 摩擦音發(fā)音方法描述：下唇輕觸上齒，氣流由唇齒問的縫隙通過，摩擦成音。f是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)，v是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞： Fly far wife off laugh very village live over save例句：There are fifteen girls in my class.Im living in a flat by the river.發(fā)音方法描述：舌尖輕觸上齒背部，氣流從舌齒問的縫隙送出。是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)。是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：Thank think thief mouth teethThis tho

19、se then that smooth例句：You should think of it.This book is better than that.發(fā)音方法描述：舌端靠近上齒齦，氣流從舌端和齒齦間通過，形成摩擦音。s是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)，z是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：So sir pencil piece dress zoo zone zero use eraser例句:Did you see the snake in the grass?Please close the window.發(fā)音方法描述：舌身抬起靠近硬腭，舌端抬向上齒齦，形成狹長(zhǎng)通道，氣流由此通過，雙唇稍微收?qǐng)A并略突出。是清輔音，

20、聲帶不振動(dòng) 是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：She sheep wish sure specialPleasure garage decision vision division例句：She is a shy girl.What do you usually do in your leisure time？發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時(shí)口張開，在通過聲門時(shí)發(fā)出輕微摩擦，氣流經(jīng)過口腔時(shí)不受阻礙。h是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)。例詞：He her how who ahead 例句：How are you?He doesnt have any hope.發(fā)音方法描述：舌尖卷起，抬向上齒齦后部，但不發(fā)生摩擦，舌兩側(cè)稍收攏，口

21、形略突出，氣流通過時(shí)發(fā)出輕微摩擦，r是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：Right run cry bread primary例句：Those red roses are very pretty.Ill attend a press conference.第四節(jié) 摩擦音對(duì)比f-vferry-very fan-van safe-savefew-view leaf-leave fail-veil-thick-this worth-worthy bath-bathethief-these south-southern thank-than-sthing-sing thin-sin thought-sought

22、thank-sank both-boss faith-faces-zrice-rise sink-zinc race-raisesip-zip place-please face-faze-sshe-see shed-said show-sewshame-same sheep-seek shy-signr-l(摩擦音與舌邊音對(duì)比)read-lead rice-lice arrive-aliveright-light red-led rate-late-d(摩擦音與爆破音對(duì)比)there-dare than-dam thus-dosethey-day then-den that-dad第五節(jié) 破

23、擦音發(fā)音方法描述：舌尖舌端抬高，貼住上齒齦后部形成阻礙，氣流沖出阻礙摩擦成音。口形稍突出，略成方形。是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)，是 濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：Child check reach teach catchJob page june just judge例句：Children always like chicken and French fries.Just have fun.發(fā)音方法描述：舌身與tr相似，舌尖向上卷起，并抵住上齒齦后部，氣流沖出舌尖和齒齦之問的阻礙，雙唇收?qǐng)A，稍向前突出。tr是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)，dr是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：Try tree trick true trac

24、k Dry dream dread drop drive例句：You should have another try.Let it drip dry.發(fā)音方法描述：舌端貼住上齒齦，形成阻礙，氣流沖破阻礙，口形扁平。ts是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)，dz是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。例詞：Pets coats gets tests pointsRoads aids reads seeds lands例句：She wants to buy some dates.Will your friends join us?第六節(jié) 破擦音對(duì)比t- dcheap-jeep chin-gin church-judgechoice-

25、joy choke-joke search-surgetr -ttrain-chain trunk-chunk trip-chiptreat-cheat trees-cheese truth-choosedr- ddrug-jug dressed-jest drudge-judgedrain-jane draw-jaw drew-junet- tssearch-suits teach-treats catch-catswatch-whats each-eats inch-itsts -dzseats-seeds bats-beds carts-cardspets-pads coats-code

26、s bits-bids第七節(jié) 鼻音發(fā)音方法描述：雙唇緊閉，軟腭下垂，氣流從鼻腔送出。在詞末時(shí)，須略延長(zhǎng)，以防止吞音。例詞：Me my come tomorrow farm例句：Poets like to write poems about the moon.He is a handsome boy.發(fā)音方法描述：舌尖緊貼上齒齦，軟腭下垂，形成阻礙，氣流由鼻腔送出。在詞末時(shí)，須略延長(zhǎng)，以防止吞音。例詞：Need name know skin strange例句：This is a nice tune.I spent nine nights in writing the paper.發(fā)方法描述：軟

27、腭下垂，舌后部向軟腭抬起，堵住口腔通道，氣流從鼻腔送出。詞末時(shí)發(fā)音清晰有力，略微延長(zhǎng)。例詞：Bank song singing longer English例句：Shes good at singing English songs.I need a long string.第八節(jié) 舌邊音發(fā)音方法描述：元音前讀清晰l，舌端抵上齒齦，氣流從舌的一側(cè)或兩側(cè)泄出；輔音前或詞末發(fā)含糊L，舌端也抵上齒齦，但是與清晰音相比，舌前部低，舌后部高，發(fā)音略長(zhǎng)。例詞：Late like long low close All sell pull little kettle例句：Lily likes wearing l

28、ong hair.Sue is a bright little girl.第九節(jié) 鼻音、舌邊音對(duì)比n-lnet-let know-low need-leadnine-line night-light snow-slown- sin-sing than-thank son-songthin-thing tin-ting win-wingn-mnow-mow noon-moon son-someton-Tom thin-theme tine-time第十節(jié) 半元音發(fā)音方法描述：舌后部向軟腭抬起，舌位高，口形收?qǐng)A并稍向前突出，發(fā)音短促，一經(jīng)發(fā)出，立刻向后面的元音滑動(dòng)，起輔音的作用。例詞：We wee

29、k want where whether例句：The weather is getting warm.Would you like to tell me the way to the railway station？發(fā)音方法描述：舌前部盡量向硬腭抬起，雙唇平展，口微開，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦，該半元音一經(jīng)發(fā)出，立刻向后面的元音滑動(dòng)，起輔音的作用。例詞：Yes you young yak year例句：略第十一節(jié) 半元音與其它音對(duì)比w-vwise-vise went-vent wire-viaworse-verse wane-vain wine-vinew- :/water-alter waltz-

30、ought wolf-offwall-all water-order want-onj- dyet-jet yam-jam yoke-jokeyoung-jump yes-jets yard-jarj-i/i:year-ear yeast-east yearn-inyet-it Yale-ill yes-is讀音規(guī)則元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重讀音節(jié)中的一般讀音規(guī)則 a e i o u重讀開音節(jié)： ei i: ai u ju: u: 重讀閉音節(jié)： e i u 注意：除了符合讀音規(guī)則的詞以外，還有一些詞是例外的，需要逐個(gè)記憶。重讀開音節(jié)：一個(gè)輔音加e結(jié)尾的單詞, 元音字母a ,e ,i

31、 ,o ,u 經(jīng)常發(fā)長(zhǎng)音如: cake theme bike close consume重讀閉音節(jié)：元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 經(jīng)常發(fā)短音如: have bed sit love bus 常見字母組合在單詞中的讀音：是由兩個(gè)字母搭配而成的一種固定組合1. 兩個(gè)輔音字母在一起，通常只發(fā)其中一個(gè)輔音字母的音。兩個(gè)相同或不同的輔音字母在一起時(shí)，只發(fā)其中一個(gè)輔音字母的音。如：wright know sign bomb 如：letter copper class ladder另外：兩個(gè)輔音字母在一起時(shí)，兩個(gè)輔音字母也可都發(fā)音。如：itself soft accept almost2. 兩個(gè)元音字

32、母在一起，通常只發(fā)其中一個(gè)元音字母的基本音。兩個(gè)元音字母在一起時(shí)，發(fā)第一或第二個(gè)元音字母的基本音。如：boat people soul sea 如：great believe height 3. 字母c在e, i, y前邊讀 s ，其他讀作 k 。如：cell centre city cinema cycle cynic其他：cat cake call4. 字母g在e ,i ,y前邊讀 d ，其他讀作 g 。如：age agent giant gin gym technology其他：good get5. s后的清輔音 k p t 要濁化為 g b d 音。如：sky skill stop s

33、tudent space sport6. 字母組合ai一般發(fā) ei e i 音。如： ei straight e said i Britain mountain 7. 字母組合er發(fā)長(zhǎng)音 : 和短音 兩種情況：在重讀音節(jié)中er一般發(fā)長(zhǎng)音 : 在弱讀音節(jié)中一般發(fā)短音 如： : personpreferthermos father teacher letter8. 字母組合ea發(fā) i i : e 音。 如: i real really idea i: tea beat heat e bread head spread9. 字母組合or發(fā) : 和 : 兩種音。 如： : horse nor corn

34、 : worse worst work world forget tutor10. 字母組合ou常發(fā) au 如: au loud count house double trouble country enough 在ght前發(fā) : fought thought bought 少數(shù)情況發(fā) u could would should 特例： au south 和 southern 11. 字母組合tion有兩種發(fā)音tn , n 如: tn question n situation nation invitation 12. 有些單詞中某些字母不發(fā)音如：hour climb build grandpa

35、 Christmas know listen 失音規(guī)則：某一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)音脫落，把單詞短語和句子快速連綴成串。單詞間的失音有四種類型：1. 前一詞以“持續(xù)音t d結(jié)尾，后一詞以輔音開頭，則其中t d失音有： st+輔音 ft+輔音 xt+輔音 ld+輔音 zd+輔音 td+輔音 wt+輔音 md+輔音 nd+輔音 nt+輔音 lt+輔音 vd+輔音如： last class next day bend back settled there refused both 2. 前一詞以破音/擦音+ t d結(jié)束，后一詞以輔音開頭，則其中t d失音。 pt+輔音 tft+輔音 kt+輔音（如完結(jié)于skt則

36、脫k而不是t） bd+輔音 gd+輔音 dvd+輔音 vd+輔音如：kept quiet swept valley rubbed gently注：后一詞如始于h則td很少脫落如：kept her waiting3. 動(dòng)詞否定結(jié)尾的縮寫形式 nt 中的t失音,無論后一詞以元音還是輔音開頭。如：You mustnt lose it. Doesnt she know? He wouldnt overeat.4. 前一詞以t 結(jié)束，后一詞以t 或d開頭，則前面的t往往失音。 如：Ive got to go. What do you want? 不完全爆破實(shí)質(zhì)上也存在不發(fā)音現(xiàn)象: 如果前面單詞結(jié)尾和后面單詞開頭是兩個(gè)或者同一個(gè)破擦音( p b t d k g) 則前一音保留口型和發(fā)音時(shí)間卻并不發(fā)音。但是聽者能感到這個(gè)音的存在。如:cut down step down s