第三小組集體作業(yè)：突破現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)妙招

1、所在坊名稱所在小組名稱主要作者初中英語1坊英語第三小組本組成員學(xué)科學(xué)段教材版本章節(jié)針對的重難點(diǎn)問題名稱英語初中滬教牛津版八年級上Unit6突破現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-妙招妙招正文語法教學(xué)過程是枯燥的，如何進(jìn)行生動(dòng)的英語語法教學(xué)，是我們學(xué)好這節(jié)課的關(guān)鍵。下面以具體方法為例，教授現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，。1用時(shí)間軸。教師在黑板上畫時(shí)間軸，如下圖所示，此方法用得比較多。Ihaveseenher.PAST_NOW_FUTURE2.用閱讀文章。給學(xué)生提供一篇以現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為主的短文，讓其閱讀后完成trueorfalse題或填空題，對時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成進(jìn)行鞏固。3用圖片。教師向?qū)W生展示兩幅圖片：一幅過去時(shí)間，一幅現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，指出兩幅圖片的差

2、別（用一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)分別作句子）。然后兩人一組進(jìn)行造句練習(xí)。教師總結(jié)句子，改正學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤。學(xué)生重復(fù)做過的句子，老師板書，指出完成時(shí)的謂語構(gòu)成及何時(shí)使用動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但我們不確定它的具體時(shí)間。4.用實(shí)物。教師向?qū)W生展示一些物品：書包、書、粉筆、杯子然后讓學(xué)生閉上眼睛片刻，迅速的拿走某些物品。提問學(xué)生：WhathaveImoved?鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生完整回答，比如：Youhavemovedthebooks.接下來可以讓學(xué)生把句子寫到黑板上，反復(fù)操練。5.用個(gè)人信息。教師在黑板寫下五個(gè)人的名字。關(guān)于每個(gè)人寫下一句話，如：Mysonhasjuststartedschool.Maryhasjustgon

3、etoGreeceonholiday.讓學(xué)生留意just的用法當(dāng)我們用just的時(shí)候，動(dòng)作就發(fā)生在離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的過去，具體時(shí)間未知。要求學(xué)生寫下自己生活中的五個(gè)人，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)造句子。6直接講解。教師在黑板上寫出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，然后直接講解用法。如：IhavebeentoAmerica.Shehaslivedherefor5years.此方法我們用得比較多,就不多說了。7實(shí)踐與展示。即所謂的替換練習(xí)，學(xué)生兩人一組，進(jìn)行對話練習(xí)，課本上此法較多，NEWCONCEPTENGLISH（新概念英語）提倡此法。然后教師從中選出問題提問學(xué)生。此方法的目的是讓學(xué)生反復(fù)練習(xí)，達(dá)到熟練掌握。8發(fā)現(xiàn)。學(xué)生閱讀

4、曾學(xué)過的一篇短文，判斷給出的句子正確與否，主要可針對主謂一致進(jìn)行練習(xí)，如：ThechildrenhasunderstandMissHoneysspeechaboutMrs.Trunchbull.Maltidahavebegunschoolabitlate.然后讓學(xué)生自己填表格9、學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)。教師告訴學(xué)生今早她都干了什么，如：Ivehadmybreakfast.Ivesaidgoodbyetomychildren.Ivedrunktwocupsofcoffee.Ivedriventoschool.教師把Whathaveyoudonethismorning?寫在黑板上，然后個(gè)別提問，總結(jié)出現(xiàn)在完

5、成時(shí)，若有錯(cuò)簡單更正。教師指出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被用作過去不具體的時(shí)間，如果一個(gè)事件發(fā)生在過去，沒有提及時(shí)間，經(jīng)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 總之現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)教學(xué)方法很多，怎么能讓學(xué)生學(xué)得輕松就采取哪一種。如用兩種語言的時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行比較教學(xué)，指出它們用法和形式的不同。附：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)一、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2

6、）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意：a) since和for的區(qū)別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，last t

7、erm, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has be

8、en an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.2）表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用

9、，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭?dòng)作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說： He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“

10、已經(jīng)去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。試比較：Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來了）Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）.3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, ye

11、t, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來了。I havent read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個(gè)。I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。I have often seen him in the street. 我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。They have never been to Yana

12、n. 他們從未去過延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。二.練習(xí)I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers of

13、fice.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorro

14、w, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D.

15、been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -

16、I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D.