大學(xué)大二英語學(xué)習(xí)輔助

1、Book 4- Unit 5學(xué)習(xí)輔助資料Unit 5 Fame and SuccessText A FameI. Words and Expressions1) (L.1 introduction) publicity: n. public notice or attentionWe have planned an exciting publicity campaign with our advertisers.她的新劇作獲得廣泛宣傳。 (=Her new play has attracted a lot of publicity.)Collocations:gain/get/receive

2、publicity 取得名氣；引人注目seek publicity 追求名氣avoid publicity 避免引人注目extensive/wide publicity 廣為宣傳2) (L.2 introduction) accompany: vt. go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as something*Warships will accompany the convoy.(=He was accompanied on the expedition by his wife.)3) (L.4 introd

3、uction) adverse: a. having a negative or harmful effect on somethingSo far the drug is thought not to have any adverse effects.他的健康因氣候影響而嚴(yán)重受損. (=His health was adversely affected by the climate.)cf. adverse, opposite & contrary 這些形容詞均含“相反的，對(duì)立的”意思。adverse 通常指違害利益的、不友好的等，側(cè)重分歧。opposite 指位置、方向、行動(dòng)或想法等完全相

4、反。 contrary 一般指與某種主張、看法或行為等正好相反，隱含否定一方并不意味著肯定另一方的意味。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. _ to popular opinion, I dont dye my hair! (contrary) 2. They received a lot of _ publicity/criticism about the changes. (adverse)3. His political position is

5、_ to ours. (opposite)4. Shes turned out to be the exact _ of what everyone expected. (opposite)5. The match has been cancelled due to _ weather conditions. (adverse)6. My father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the _. (opposite)7. _ to all our expectations, hes found a well-paid job and

6、a nice girlfriend. (Contrary)4) (L.1 Para.1) chase: v. follow rapidly in order to catch*The police car was going so fast, it must have been chasing someone.*She was chasing (after) a man who had snatched her bag.他追趕竊賊卻未捉住。(He chased (after) the burglar but couldnt catch him.)Patterns:chase after fam

7、e 追求名望chase out of 把趕出5) (L.4 Para.1) ironic: a. using or expressing irony; full of irony*It is ironic that although many items are now cheaper to make, fewer people can afford to buy them.發(fā)生這樣的事情頗有諷刺意味。(=This is a very ironic(al) thing to happen.)NB: ironic 是irony 的形容詞形式，也可寫為 ironical，其副詞形式為ironica

8、lly, 意為“說反話地, 諷刺地”。6) (L.10 Para.2) style: n. a way of doing something, especially one which is typical of a person, group of people, place or period*His office is very special in style, with no decoration.典型的英國(guó)生活方式 (=a typically British style of living)Patterns:the latest style 最新款式in style 華麗地，時(shí)髦地

9、lack style 缺乏風(fēng)度7) (L.14 Para.2 ) portrait: n. a painting, photograph, drawing, etc. of a person or, less commonly, of a group of peopleShes commissioned an artist to paint her portrait/paint a portrait of her.(插入聲音文件portrait)(=She had her portrait painted.)Collocations:make/paint a portrait 畫肖像pose/

10、sit for ones portrait 擺好姿勢(shì)讓人畫像a family portrait 全家畫像a full-length portrait 全身像8) (L.18 Para.2 ) turn away: refuse to give ones sympathy, help, or support toThe civil administration promises that they would not turn away anyone who comes to the relief centre for help.你怎么能對(duì)一個(gè)受虐待的孩子不聞不問呢？(=How can you

11、turn away from the child that is being cruelly treated?9) (L.18 Para.2) momentary: a. lasting for a very short timeThere was a momentary pause.瞬間的遲疑(=a momentary hesitation)10) (L.24 Para.3) fortune: n. 1. a large amount of money, goods, property, etc.*She inherited a fortune from her grandmother.(=

12、She pursued her fortune in another country.)2. chance and the way it affects your lifeThe familys fortunes changed overnight.我們相信命運(yùn)之神是會(huì)眷顧我們的。(=We believe that Fortune is on our side.)cf. fortune, fate & luck這些名詞均有“命運(yùn)”或“運(yùn)氣”之意。fortune 普通用詞，指由機(jī)會(huì)或運(yùn)氣來決定的一種命運(yùn)，如暗示一種比fate好的運(yùn)氣或一種愉快的未來。fate 較莊嚴(yán)用詞，多指不幸的命運(yùn)，暗示不可

13、避免、令人畏懼和人的意志 無法改變，宿命論色彩較濃。 luck 普通日常用詞，指好的或壞的運(yùn)氣，多指好運(yùn)氣，有時(shí)也指成功或愉 快的結(jié)局。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. 1. He seems to have had a lot of bad_ in his life. (luck)2. We want to decide our own _. (fate)3. Her_ varied but she never lost courage. (fortunes)4. It was just _ that I asked

14、 for a job at the right time. (luck)5. He had the (good) _ to train with some of the worlds top athletes. (fortune)6. His _ is now in the hands of the jury. (fate)7. A stroke of _has fallen to him. (luck)11) (L.25 Para.3) sympathy: n. (an expression of) understanding and care for someone elses suffe

15、ringThe president has sent a message of sympathy to the relatives of the dead soldiers.他懷著惻隱之心, 留那些無家可歸的孩子過夜。(=Out of sympathy for the homeless children he gave them shelter for the night.)12) (L.27 Para.3) expectations: n. when you expect good things to happen in the future*I have high expectations

16、 for this job.(=His parents have great expectations for his future.)Collocations:beyond ones expectations 出乎意料地have high/great expectations for 對(duì)的厚望fall short of expectations 辜負(fù)期望 13) (L.30 Para.3 ) inability: n. lack of ability to do somethingInability to use a computer is a serious disadvantage wh

17、en you are applying for jobs.這些顯示出地方政府在解決能源問題上的無能。(=These show the inability of local government to come to grips with the energy problem.)NB: nability的意義是“無能，沒辦法，無力”， 而“disability”的含義是“限制，不利的條件，不健全“，尤指由于身體或智力受損而阻礙或限制正常發(fā)展For example:She is deaf, but refuses to let her disability prevent her from doi

18、ng what she wants to do.她雖然身有殘疾, 卻是個(gè)游泳好手。(=She swims well despite her disabilities.)14) (L.33 Para.3) privacy: n. someones right to keep their personal matters and relationships secret*The new law is designed to protect peoples privacy. (=Newspapers often dont respect the individuals right to privac

19、y.)Collocations:disturb ones privacy 打擾他人的私生活an invasion of ones privacy 侵犯某人的隱私權(quán)in privacy 私下15) (L.37 Para.4 ) motivate: vt. make someone want to do something well*Teaching is all about motivating people to learn.(=No one really knows what motivated him to do so.)16) (L.41 Para.4 ) launch: v. begi

20、n sth. such as a plan or introduce sth. new such as a productThe airline will launch its new transatlantic service next month.她大學(xué)畢業(yè)后決定開始新的生活。(=She decided to launch out on her own after college.)Patterns:launch into 開始launch against/at 向發(fā)射17) (L.55 Para.5) target: n. one or more people who are criti

21、cized or laughed at, or who experience unpleasant treatment from othersRecently she has been the target of a series of obscene phone calls.大使館是恐怖分子攻擊的明顯目標(biāo)。(=The embassy is an obvious target for terrorist attacks.)Patterns:aim at a target 瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)hit a target 擊中目標(biāo)18) (L.57 Para.5) reputation: n. the opin

22、ion that people in general have about sb. or sth.*He earned/established/gained/acquired a reputation as an entertaining speaker.(=The company has a worldwide reputation for quality.)Collocations:have a reputation for 以出名ruin sbs reputation 敗壞某人的名譽(yù)establish/build up/make a reputation for 為樹立聲譽(yù), 博得名聲l

23、ive up to ones reputation 不負(fù)盛名 19) (L.60 Para.5 ) demonstrate: vt. show; make clear*These figures clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country.她示范最有效的自衛(wèi)方法。(=She demonstrated how best to defend oneself.)cf. demonstrate, show & display這些動(dòng)詞均含“顯示、顯露、展現(xiàn)”之意。demonstrate 指明顯地表露感情。

24、也指用實(shí)例、實(shí)驗(yàn)推理等手段表演證明，或論證某一問題。show 最普通用詞，泛指任何有意或無意地把東西給別人看的行為。display 多指將某物陳列在顯眼之處以便讓人發(fā)現(xiàn)其優(yōu)點(diǎn)，側(cè)重有意識(shí)地顯示。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. I must _ you this new book Ive just bought. (show)2. Family photographs _ on the wall. (were displayed)3. Researc

25、h _ that babies can recognize their mothers voice very soon after birth. (has demonstrated)4. Its the first time the painting has been _ to the public. (displayed)5. These problems _ the importance of strategic planning. (demonstrate)6. These photographs_ the effects of the chemical on the trees. (s

26、how)20) (L.66 Para.6 ) celebrity: n. someone who is famousShe has tried every means to be a celebrity.誰是倫敦最出名的知名人物?(=Whos the most well-known celebrity in London?)Collocations:social celebrities 社會(huì)名流gain celebrity 成名21) (L.68 Para.6) hang on: keep hold of sth.* Hang on tight its going to be a very bumpy（顛簸的）ride.(=For the whole afternoon my little brother hung on to me.)Pattern:hang around 在閑蕩hang over 把掛在上22) (L.68 Para.6) for dear life: with the greatest possible effort, especially in order to avoid harmAs the ship began to tilt, we clung on for dear life.當(dāng)看