英語必修5moudle1

1、.單詞薈萃1. confusing_ adj.使人困惑的 _confused_ adj. 感到困惑的confuse v使人困惑；混淆2. _differ_v. 不同，有區(qū)別 different adj. 有區(qū)別的，不同的 _difference_ n. 區(qū)別，差異3. _variety_ n. 種類variation n. 變化_various_ adj.各種各樣的 _vary_ v. 變化，不同4. _announcement_n通告；宣告；通知 _announce_ vt.通告，宣告announcer n廣播員，播音員5add v增加 _addition_ n. 增添，增加 _additi

2、onal_ adj.附加的，另外的_additional_adv. 另外6. _simplify_ v. 簡(jiǎn)化 simple adj.簡(jiǎn)單的 _simply_ adv.簡(jiǎn)單地，僅僅7. combination n. 組合，結(jié)合_combine_ v. 組合，結(jié)合8. _criticize_v批評(píng) _criticism_ n. 批評(píng) critical adj. 批評(píng)的9. _reference_n. 參考，查閱 refer v談及，提及，涉及，參考.短語檢測(cè)1有相同的特點(diǎn) havein common 2有影響；使不相同 make a difference 3充滿，填滿 fill up 4四處走動(dòng)

3、(旅行) get around5. 排隊(duì)等候 queue up/stand in line6. 把A與B相比 compare A with B 7畢竟；終究 after all 8做某事有困難 have difficulty (in)doing sth.9引起，導(dǎo)致；通向 lead to 10(偶然)學(xué)會(huì) pick up 11同意；支持 in favour of 12稱A為B refer to A as B 13幸虧；多虧 thanks to 14畢業(yè)于 graduate from 15消失 wear off.佳句再現(xiàn)1. It doesnt _ make much of a differen

4、ce whether_ a teacher speaks British _or_ American English.老師說英國(guó)英語還是說美國(guó)英語沒有多大影響。2. The other two areas _in which_ the two varieties _differ_ are spelling and pronunciation. 在兩種英語中另外兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的區(qū)別是拼寫和發(fā)音。3. The British use prepositions _where_ Americans sometimes _omit_ them英國(guó)人使用介詞的地方，美國(guó)人有時(shí)省略4When the Irish

5、writer George Bernard Shaw _made the_ _famous remark_ that the British and the Americans are two nations _divided_ by a common language, he was obviously _thinking about_ the differences.當(dāng)愛爾蘭作家蕭伯納講那句名言英國(guó)和美國(guó)是被同一種語言分開的兩個(gè)民族的時(shí)候，他顯然想到了他們的區(qū)別。5. _After all_ , there is probably _as much variation_ of pronun

6、ciation within the two countries as between them.畢竟，兩個(gè)國(guó)家境內(nèi)的口音差別可能跟兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的口音差別一樣多。6A Londoner _has more difficulty understanding_ a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人講話可能比聽懂紐約人講話更難。7This nonstop communication, the experts think, _has made it easier_ for British pe

7、ople and Americans _to understand each other_ . 專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交流使得英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人彼此理解變得更容易了。8But it has also _led to_ lots of American words and structures _passing into_ British English, _so that_ some people now believe that British English will disappear. 但是，這也導(dǎo)致了大量的美語單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)入英式英語。結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在許多人都認(rèn)為英式英語將會(huì)消失。9. _By

8、 the 1850s _it was selling one million copies a year, _making it_ one of the most popular school books _ever_ .到19世紀(jì)50年代時(shí)，這本書每年都銷售一百萬冊(cè)，使它成為最受歡迎的學(xué)校用書之一。1.besides, but, except 1. 基本區(qū)別 三者都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一種累加關(guān)系，意指“除了什么之外，還有”；而 except 或 but 則表示一種排除關(guān)系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”。如： Besides his wife，his daughter a

9、lso went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女兒也去看過他(即妻子女兒都去看過他)。 Nobody went to see him except /but his wife. 除他妻子外，沒有一個(gè)人看過他(即只有他妻子去看過他)。*注：在否定句中，besides 也表示“除之外不再有 ”，與but, except 同義。如： No one passed the exam besides /except Jim. 除吉姆外，沒一個(gè)人通過考試。2. 關(guān)于 but 與 except (1) 兩者都可表示“除外不再有”，但含義上略有差別：but側(cè)重指意義的幾乎完整性，而 except 則側(cè)

10、重指后面除去的部分。比較： All are here but one. 除一個(gè)人都到了。 All are here except one. 還有一個(gè)人沒到。 (2) but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首。如： 除我之外每個(gè)人都累了。 正：Everyone is tired but (except) me. 正：Everyone but (except) me is tired. 誤：But (Except) me, everyone is tired.*注：except for 可用于句首，表示 except 的意思： 正：Except for me, everyone is

11、 tired.3. 關(guān)于 except 與 except for： except 主要用來談?wù)撏惖臇|西，而 except for 則主要用來談?wù)摬煌惖臇|西，有時(shí)含有惋惜之意。如： All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都寫得很好。 His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文寫得不錯(cuò)，只是有幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤。*注：若用于句首，則 except for 與 except 同義(但 except 通常不用于句首)。2.divide與

12、separate（1）.separate意為“分開”，側(cè)重表示把原來在一起或靠近的事物分隔開來，分開后的部分具有相對(duì)的獨(dú)立性。它常與介詞from連用。另外它還有“分離、分手”的意思。如： The children are separating the good apples from the bad ones 孩子們正在把好蘋果與壞蘋果分開。 England is separated from France by the Channel 英吉利海峽把英國(guó)和法國(guó)分開。 We walked until midnight and then separated 我們散步到午夜才分手。 （2）.divi

13、de 意為“分割；分開”，強(qiáng)調(diào)把一個(gè)整體按等量或一定比例分開。它常與into連用。 The exam is divided into two parts3.prefer的用法1.prefer sth 喜歡某物 。如： He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人，因此更喜歡吃米飯。 2.prefer doing sth 喜歡干某事 。如： I prefer going by bike.我寧愿騎單車去。 3.prefer sb to do sth 喜歡干某事 。如： I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你馬上就走。

14、4.prefer A to B 喜歡做A，不喜歡作B 。如： I prefer tea to coffee. 我喜歡茶勝過咖啡。 5.prefer doing A to doing B 喜歡做A，不喜歡作B 。如： I prefer swimming to skating. 我喜歡游泳勝過滑冰。 6.prefer to do A raher than do B 喜歡做A，不喜歡作B .如： I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我寧愿呆在家里也不出去。7.prefer to do A than do B 喜歡做A，不喜歡作B 。如： I prefer

15、to go at once than stay here.我愿意馬上就走也不愿呆在這兒。 4comparevt. 比較；相比(1)compare A with B 把A與B相比compare A _ B 把A比作Bcompared with/to 和比起來(通常作狀語)compare notes 交換意見；交流看法(2)beyond compare 無與倫比的；舉世無雙的【活學(xué)活用】1根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子(1)That car is a real beauty. This one _cant compare with_ it. 那輛車真的很美，這一輛無法與之相比。(2)Scientists s

16、ometimes _compare_ the human brain _to_ a computer.科學(xué)家有時(shí)將人腦比作電腦。5differvi. (to be different from sth. in some way) 不同，有區(qū)別； (to disagree, not share the same opinion)有異議，(意見)有分歧 (1)differ (widely/greatly)in (from sb./sth.) 在方面(與大)不相同differ with sb. (about/on/upon/over sth.) (在某事上)與某人意見不同(2)different a

17、dj. 不同的difference n. 差異，區(qū)別be different from 與不同tell the difference between 說出之間的區(qū)別make a difference 有影響；使不同；起作用【活學(xué)活用】(1)Humans facial expressions _differ from those_ of animals. (differ) 人類的面部表情與動(dòng)物的不同。(2)Our opinions _differ greatly/widely_ on this matter. (differ) 在這個(gè)問題上我們的觀點(diǎn)很不一致。6.Suggest的用法1.要表示漢

18、語的“建議做某事”，英語通常用 suggest doing sth，而不能用 suggest to do sth；2.“建議某人做某事”，但英語習(xí)慣上不能說 suggest sb to do sth，而說suggest sbs sb doing sth；3.要表示向某人提出某情況，suggest后不能接雙賓語，即不能用suggest sb sth，而通常用 suggest sth to sb。如： 他建議坐飛機(jī)去，可我認(rèn)為這樣花費(fèi)太大。 正：He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much. 誤：He sugge

19、sted to go by plane, but I thought it would cost too much. 他建議我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)動(dòng)身。 正：He suggested that we leave earlier. 誤：He suggested us to leave earlier. 我向她提出一個(gè)解決問題的辦法。 正：I suggested a way out to her. 誤：I suggested her a way out. 當(dāng)然，我們也可以用后接 that 從句的形式來表達(dá)此意思(注意謂語用 “should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣形式)。如： I suggest that we

20、 (should) have lunch right now. 我建議我們現(xiàn)在就吃午飯。比較以下同義表達(dá)：他建議他們?cè)跊]有聽到事實(shí)真相之前什么都別說。正：He suggested not saying anything till they heard the facts.正：He suggested saying nothing about it till they heard the facts.正：He suggested that they should not say anything till they heard the facts. suggest 后接賓語從句時(shí)，從謂語既可用陳

21、述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣，其區(qū)別與 suggest所表示的意思有關(guān)，若suggest 表示“建議”，則其后接的 that 從句謂語通常用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣形式。若suggest 表示“暗示”“意指”“表明”等義，則其后接的 that 從句要用陳述語氣。如： She suggested that I (should) be the leader. 她提議由我來做領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。 What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他說的話表明他是個(gè)騙子。 Are you suggesting that Im not suited for the

22、 job? 你的意思是說我不適合做這 。*注：按英語習(xí)慣，suggest的派生名詞suggestion也具有與其詞根動(dòng)詞相似的用法，如當(dāng)suggestion表示“建議”時(shí)，若其后接一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，則該從句也習(xí)慣上要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣。如： The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion. 關(guān)于商店星期日也應(yīng)該營(yíng)業(yè)的提議，引起了激烈的爭(zhēng)論。 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from th

23、e team. 有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。7 presentvt. (to give or hand over sth. to sb., esp. formally at a ceremony)頒發(fā)，贈(zèng)送；(to give a speech in which you offer an idea, plan, etc. to be considered or accepted)陳述；(to show or describe sb. or sth.)呈現(xiàn)，介紹n. 禮物；現(xiàn)在 adj. 出席的，在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的，現(xiàn)存的(1)present sth. to sb./present sb. with s

24、th.向某人贈(zèng)送(展示、表達(dá))某物(2)_at_ present 目前，現(xiàn)在for the present 目前，眼下；暫且(3)be present at 在場(chǎng)，到場(chǎng)【溫馨提示】 在場(chǎng)的，出席的：people present at thepresent adj. meeting (后置定語) 當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的：our present difficulties(前置定 語)【活學(xué)活用】根據(jù)語境判斷present在下列句中的含義 Who will present the prizes at the closing ceremony? _頒發(fā)_ I dont like the way the mov

25、ie presents its characters. _呈現(xiàn)_(3)You must present your passport to the customs officer. _出示_(4)The touching scene is still present in my mind. _存在的_8attemptn. & v. (to make an effort to accomplish sth.; to try to do sth.) 試圖，嘗試(1)attempted adj. 企圖的；未遂的(2) attempt to do sth.attempt at doing sth.mak

26、e an attempt to do sth. 嘗試(試圖)做某事【活學(xué)活用】He _attempted to escape/attempted at escaping/made an attempt to escape from prison, but he couldnt find anybody to help him. 他試圖從監(jiān)獄逃跑，但找不到人幫他。1havein common 有相同的特點(diǎn)(1)have much/a lot/a great deal in common with與有很多共同之處 have not much/nothing/little in common wit

27、h 與沒多少/沒有共同之處(2)in common with sb./sth. 與一樣(3)in common 共有；共用；共同【活學(xué)活用】(1)Their methods _have nothing in common_ . 他們的方法沒有相同之處。(2)_In common with_ many others, she applied for a training place. 和許多人一樣，她申請(qǐng)參加訓(xùn)練。2make a/some/no/little etc. difference(to sb./sth.)(to have an important/no/little effect or

28、 influence on sth. or sb.) (對(duì)某人或某事)(沒)有影響；(不)起作用【活學(xué)活用】1根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子It _makes no difference to me_ whether you stay or go. 你留下還是離開對(duì)我來說無所謂。2英譯漢A few kind words at the right time make all the difference. _在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候說幾句貼心的話效果迥然不同_3after all(in spite of what has been said, done or expected)終究， 歸根結(jié)底 (表示結(jié)果與預(yù)想的不同

29、，多置于句尾)；(to be used to say that sth. should be remembered or considered)畢竟，別忘了(導(dǎo)出原因，多置于句首) all in all總的說來 not at all 一點(diǎn)兒也不；不用謝 in all 一共； 總計(jì) _above_ all 首先；尤其是；最重要的是【活學(xué)活用】根據(jù)語境用all短語填空(1)_All in all_ , it was a great success. (2)Do you mind if I stay a little longer?No, _not at all_ . (3)_In all_ , t

30、here were 215 candidates. (4)He is strong, brave and,_ above all_ , honest. (5)You should forgive him for his forgetfulness;_ after all_ , he is over seventy. 4refer to提到，談及；涉及，與有關(guān)；查閱，參考refer toas把稱作referto 將送交給(以獲得幫助等)【活學(xué)活用】根據(jù)語境選擇refer to合適的意義a. to mention or speak about someone or somethingb. to l

31、ook at a book, map, piece of paper, etc. for informationc. to be relevant to sb./sth.; to concern sb./sth.(1)What I have to say refers to all of you. _c_(2)He gave the speech without referring to his notes. _b_(3)When I said someone was stupid, I wasnt referring to you._a (4)The children like referr

32、ing to him as “Grandpa Li”. _a_1 It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.（1）.whether和if均可用來引導(dǎo)主語從句，但if引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于句首。如： Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他們是贏是輸於我都一樣.（此時(shí)whether不能換作if ） Its doubtful whether therell be any seats left. 說不上還有沒有空

33、座位了. (此句whether能換作if) (2).whether和if均可用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如： I dont know whether/if I will be able to come.我不知道我是否能來. She asked me whether/if I was interested in working for her.她問我是否有興趣為她工作。( *注: 在兩個(gè)供選擇的從句之間若用or字, 則須重復(fù)whether一字. ) I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any

34、assistance. 我問他這些工作都是他自己做的還是別人幫他做的. *注: 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語從句并將其提前時(shí)只能用whether。如: Whether Ill have time to go with you I am not sure.我很難說我們是否有時(shí)間跟你們一起去。 從句作介詞賓語時(shí)只用whether不用if。如: She was undecided about whether she should accept his offer.她拿不定主意應(yīng)該不應(yīng)該接受他的好意。 當(dāng)whether和or not連用時(shí)，只用whether不用if。當(dāng)or not放在whether引導(dǎo)的從句句尾，則可

35、以 用if來替換。如: I dont know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是不是回來。 Ill be happy whether/if I get the job or not我能不能得到那份工作都一樣高興。（4） 動(dòng)詞discuss，decide,consider等后習(xí)慣上也常用Whether引導(dǎo)從句，不用if。如： They discussed whether they should leave at once.他們討論了是否應(yīng)該馬上離開。 We discussed whether the house should be sold. 我們討論了這房子

36、是否應(yīng)賣掉。 （5）當(dāng)whether和or 連用表示明確的選擇時(shí)，只用whether不用if。如: He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他問我是想乘火車還是坐公共汽車去那里。 He hesitated about whether he should drive or take the train.他開車去還是坐火車去, 猶豫不決。(3).表語從句用whether引導(dǎo)不用if. 如: The doubt was whether you had broken the beautiful vase. 疑問是你是否打壞

37、了這只漂亮的花瓶。(4). 同位語從句用whether引導(dǎo)不用if. 如: The question whether well build another lecture building hasnt been settled. 是否要另建一幢教學(xué)樓的問題還未決定。(5). 在動(dòng)詞不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。如: The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna. 問題是去慕尼黑還是去維也納. She doesnt knows whether to get married now or wait. 是否現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚或是等待她不知道

38、。2A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人講話可能比聽懂紐約人講話更難。句型公式“做某事很費(fèi)勁/有困難”：havedifficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.havedifficulty/trouble with sth.There isdifficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.【相關(guān)拓展】have a hard time (i

39、n) doing sth.做某事有些艱難【活學(xué)活用】1根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子I _had great difficulty/trouble with/(in) doing_ the work. 做這份工作我遇到了很大的困難。2單項(xiàng)填空Can you imagine what difficulty he had _C_ the work?A. to do B. do C. doing D. done3However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters a

40、ll speaking with different accents然而，如果你打開美國(guó)電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)目CNN，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞播報(bào)員和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員操著不同的口音【句式點(diǎn)撥】find表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)/覺得處于某種狀態(tài)”時(shí)，后面可以加復(fù)合賓語： doingfind sb./oneself/sth. done (to be) adj./n.prep. phrase【溫馨提示】(1)當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語是oneself時(shí)，常表示主語“不知不覺發(fā)現(xiàn)自己”。(2)find后面所跟的不定式作賓補(bǔ)一般是to be adj./n., to be往往省略， 普通的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞不能用于該結(jié)構(gòu)?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)She woke to _f

41、ind her father standing_ by her bed. 她醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)爸爸正站在床邊。(2)When she opened her eyes, she _found herself in a different world_ . 當(dāng)她睜開眼睛的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一個(gè)不同的世界里。(3)He made for the door and _found it locked_ . 他走向門，發(fā)現(xiàn)門鎖了。 .單詞拼寫1.He likes to collect varieties_ of stamps.2.You need to p_resent_ your ideas to your man

42、ager clearly. 3.The situation in this country is improving _steadily_ (穩(wěn)定地)4It was obvious_ to everyone that the child had been badly treated. 5My r_emarks_ were not aimed at you. .選詞填空fill up， get around， after all， in favour of， make a difference1The sea air has _made a difference_ to her health.2

43、. My mother was against my plan while my father spoke _in favour of_ it.3. You shouldnt scold him for the mistake. _After all_ , he is just a boy of 5.4. The girl asked me to _fill_ her car _up_ .5. I have been here for half a year, but havent _got around_ the town so far. .單項(xiàng)填空12010福建卷 In this day

44、and age，women can have children and jobs as well.I cant agree more.Its great to have the two _D_.A. linked B. relatedC. connected D. combined2In order not to worry his parents, he never told them about the difficulty he had _A_ his own company. A. setting up B. having set up C. to set up D. set up32

45、011湖北卷 The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was _D_ though slow.Ashaky BheavyCcasualDsteady4Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _D_ with his old one.Acomparing BcomparesCto compare Dcompared5The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _B_his notes. Abringing up Breferring toClooking for Dtrying on62011安徽卷 To be great，you must be smart，confident，and，_B_，honest.A. therefore B. above all C. however D. after all7.The two kinds of cellphones differ _B_ shape, but they are similar _ e