美麗的定語從句

1、Complex sentence 復合句：復合句：由由連詞連詞連接兩個或多個連接兩個或多個主謂結構主謂結構的句子，其中一個主謂結構是句子的句子，其中一個主謂結構是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句），另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作，另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作某個成分某個成分（如主語、賓語、表語、（如主語、賓語、表語、定語定語、狀語、同位語）。、狀語、同位語）。復合句復合句 = =主句主句+定語從句定語從句一個主謂結構是句子一個主謂結構是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句）另一個或一個以上的主謂結構另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作只在句子中作某個成分（定語）某個

2、成分（定語）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主句主語主句主語從句主語從句主語從句謂語結構從句謂語結構主句謂語結構主句謂語結構在句子中作在句子中作定語定語，修飾，修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的從句。這種從句由的從句。這種從句由關系代詞關系代詞或或關系副詞關系副詞引導，并作句子成分。引導，并作句子成分。 定語從句還叫做定語從句還叫做嵌入句嵌入句，因形容詞定語，所以又稱之為因形容詞定語，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句形容詞性從句。Attributive clause:定語從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語從句的位

3、置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語從句的引導詞關系關系代詞代詞關系關系副詞副詞指人指人指物指物who(主語、賓語主語、賓語)，whom(賓語賓語)，that(主語、賓語主語、賓語), whose(定語定語)that(主語、賓語主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語主語、賓語)whose(定語定語)where (地點狀語地點狀語)when (時間狀語時間狀語)why (原因狀語原因狀語)who(主語、賓語主語、賓語)，whom(賓語賓語)，that(主語、賓語主語、賓語), whose(定語定語)that(主語、賓語主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語主語、賓語)whose(定語定語)Attri

4、butive clause:限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 restrictive非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句non-restrictive是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語， 如果去掉，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關系十分密切，句和主句關系十分密切， 寫時不用逗號分開。寫時不用逗號分開。和主句關系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說和主句關系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說明，明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句， 寫時往往逗號分開。寫時往往逗號分開。I w

5、as the only person who was invited.in my officeJenny, with whom I played table tennisyesterday, lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterday has come again.That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school. 注意：注意：引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞不可用引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞不可用that，指，指人人時用時用who(主主語語),

6、whom(賓語賓語)，指，指物物時須用時須用which.如何判定用如何判定用關系代詞關系代詞還是用還是用關系副詞關系副詞1 1、找出定語從句中是否、找出定語從句中是否主語和賓語都齊全主語和賓語都齊全。如齊全。如齊全用關系副詞用關系副詞。 用什么關系副詞看先行詞。用什么關系副詞看先行詞。I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park _ (a very rich man keeps differentKinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was th

7、e year _ (Spielberg made his first real film)._Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _ (you practise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _ (you first met your girlfriend.）_where2 2、如定語從句中缺賓語，確定定語從句的謂語動詞是不是及物、如定語從句中缺賓語，確定定語從句的謂語動詞是不是及物 動

8、詞，如是，用動詞，如是，用關系代詞，關系代詞，如不是，用如不是，用關系副詞。關系副詞。如何判定用如何判定用關系代詞關系代詞還是用還是用關系副詞關系副詞 Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_ _Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earth

9、quake. whowhom that /_ _My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhen3 3、如定語從句中謂語結構是被動結構，有主語，則用、如定語從句中謂語結構是被動結構，有主語，則用關系副詞。關系副詞。Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).whenThe window

10、 ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which thatThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.Which that如何判定用如何判定用關系代詞關系代詞還是用還是用關系副詞關系副詞 (1) that (1) that指物時一般可以與指物時一般可以與whichwhich互換，但在下列情況互換，但在下列情況引導詞只用引導詞只用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich。 當先行詞為當先行詞為all, much, little, few, none, someth

11、ing, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時，如：等不定代詞時，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修飾時修飾時： Ive read all the books (that) you gav

12、e me.先行詞是先行詞是序數詞序數詞或或形容詞最高級形容詞最高級修飾時。修飾時。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the last the only, the very, the last 修飾時。修飾時。That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.This is the very book (t

13、hat) I want to find. 當有兩個或兩個以上分別表示當有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物人和物的先行詞時，這個定的先行詞時，這個定語從句要用語從句要用thatthat而不用而不用who (whom)who (whom)和和whichwhich引導。如：引導。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.先行詞是疑問詞先行詞是疑問詞who, which, what 時，定語從句用時，定語從句用that而不用而不用who, (whom)和和which引導。引導。Who is the person tha

14、t is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me? 當關系代詞在從句中作表語時：當關系代詞在從句中作表語時： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. WhichWhich可以引導可以引導非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句，可用

15、于，可用于介詞介詞后，其后，其先行詞可是一個詞先行詞可是一個詞, ,也可是整個也可是整個主句或主句的某一部分主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it B B 考點三：考點三：as與與which引導的定語從句引導的定語從句

16、對這兩個詞作如下歸納：對這兩個詞作如下歸納： 1、如果定語放主句后，即引用、如果定語放主句后，即引用as也可以用也可以用which. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before. 2 2、如果從句在主句前，這時要用、如果從句在主句前，這時要用asas而不用而不用whichwhich引導引導 定語從句。如：定語從句。如： As w

17、e all know, his parents were killed in the war.As we all know, the earth is round.3.用于用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，中，一般用一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思時，有代表前面主句意思時，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which沒有沒有此意思，從句中的動詞常是此意思，從句中的動詞常是expec

18、t, know, see, think, want, suppose等。等。 He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The police were looking for him, as he thought.考點三：考點三：as與與which引導的定語從句引導的定語從句Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.5. as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如如be k

19、nown，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。作主語。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.6.如果從句的內容對主句內容起著消極作用，或者說導致如果從句的內容對主句內容起著消極作用，或者說導致的結果，則用的結果，則用which.a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disg

20、raceful.b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.考點三：考點三：as與與which引導的定語從句引導的定語從句考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定關系代詞前介詞的確定如何選定介詞如何選定介詞:1.根據從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系，請體會：根據從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系，請體會：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根據從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配，如：根據從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to m

21、e how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣，請體會：根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣，請體會：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用用“數詞數詞/代詞代詞 + of + 關系代詞關系代詞”的結構，如：的結構，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been

22、to Beijing.5. Whose從句可轉換為從句可轉換為“ of +關系代詞關系代詞”型，如：型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定關系代詞前介詞的確定 關系副詞關系副詞when, where, why可以用適當的可以用適當的介詞介詞+wh

23、ich來替代。來替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關系代詞之前，有時放在動介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關系代詞之前，有時放在動詞之后。詞之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason

24、why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定關系代詞前介詞的確定 關系副詞關系副詞when, where, why可以用適當的可以用適當的介詞介詞+which來替代。來替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關系代詞之前，有時放在動介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關系代詞之前，有時放在

25、動詞之后。詞之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定

26、關系代詞前介詞的確定思考？思考？是否所有的介詞是否所有的介詞+關系代詞都能用關系副詞代替關系代詞都能用關系副詞代替?The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the ye

27、ar round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.結論：結論：只有當介詞只有當介詞+關系代詞充當地點狀語、時間狀語或原因狀語關系代詞充當地點狀語、時間狀語或原因狀語時，才能用關系副詞代替。時，才能用關系副詞代替。Correct the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday

28、.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.(去掉去掉)the one_to_which5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._that5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6. The st

29、udent whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.8. It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently.9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in

30、 the sky._as_Whosethat_that_that_As練習題練習題1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years

31、ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD5、This is the very factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、a