語法三大從句(教師)

1、2015二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)之三大從句定語從句一、概念導(dǎo)圖二、規(guī)律點(diǎn)撥（一）定語從句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因的名詞如不做狀語，而是做主語、賓語、或者表語時(shí)，須用關(guān)系代詞that /which來引導(dǎo)而不是用where/when/why 等。 May 1 is the day that/which I will never forget.（that在后forget的賓語）Cf. May 1 is the day when all labourers enjoy themselves.（when 作狀語）The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that /which)

2、 people all over the world look forward to visiting.（that或which在后做visit的賓語）Is this the reason that he gave us for being late?（that在后做gave的直接賓語）只用that的情況1 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。2 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí)。3 先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。4 先行詞

3、既指人又指物時(shí)。5 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)。6. 句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞是situation, point, case, stage等表示某種情景、狀況時(shí)，常用where或in which引導(dǎo)定語從句。Can you imagine a situation where/ in which you can use the word? Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. （二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句差異比較類

4、 別語法意義及特征限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開。非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語，不能用that引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語時(shí)也不能省略。（三）分隔式定語從句 分隔式定語從句一般來說,定語從句總是緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后,但有時(shí)定語從句和先行詞會(huì)被介詞短語或其他成分分隔,干擾了考生判斷句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.（四）as和w

5、hich在定語從句中的區(qū)別用法限制性定語從句中名詞前有such, as, so和the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用which. 如：Ive never seen as clever a student as he (is). 非限制性定語從句中當(dāng)as和which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí),可指代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于and this或and that。其區(qū)別是: 1. as引導(dǎo)的從句可放在主句之前、之后或中間,而which引導(dǎo)的從句不能放在主句之前; As everyone expected，the England team won the football match. 2. 當(dāng)從句的謂

6、語動(dòng)詞是be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被動(dòng)形式,或usually happen、be often the case等表示主語的習(xí)慣性或司空見慣之意時(shí),常用as; 3. 當(dāng)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式或具有否定意義時(shí),一般用which而不用as。如：The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgraced.名詞性從句一、概念導(dǎo)圖10二、規(guī)律點(diǎn)撥1名詞性從句的功用種 類作 用常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語從句在復(fù)合句中做主語，

7、相當(dāng)于名詞，一般置謂語之前，也可用it作形式主語，主語從句放主句之后從屬連詞：that, whether, if, 連接代詞：what, which, who, whom, whose, whoever, whichever, whomever連接副詞：when, where, why, how表語從句在復(fù)合句中做表語，相當(dāng)于名詞，位于系動(dòng)詞之后賓語從句在復(fù)合句中做動(dòng)詞或介詞賓語，相當(dāng)于名詞同位語從句放在名詞之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具體內(nèi)容2、易混淆的引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別 類 別說 明wh

8、at與that的區(qū)別what表示“所的(東西)”之意,相當(dāng)于“the +名詞+ that /which”或“all that”,可指代不確定的事物,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語;而that在名詞性從句中只起引導(dǎo)作用,不表達(dá)任何意思。whether與if的區(qū)別兩者都表示“是否”,都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但下列情況只能用whether:引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí);位于句首時(shí);后跟or not時(shí);作某些及物動(dòng)詞(如discuss、decide、argue等詞)的賓語時(shí);與不定式連用時(shí);作介詞的賓語時(shí)。因此,若if與whether同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中,當(dāng)表示“是否”之意時(shí),一般情況下舍if選whethe

9、r。wh-與wh-ever的區(qū)別wh-ever引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),含有“無論”之意,其引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)無疑問意義,而wh-多有疑問之意。no matter + wh-與wh-ever的區(qū)別no matter + wh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;而wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)狀語從句,也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別前者是對(duì)前面的某一名詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋或說明；后者一般是對(duì)某一名詞進(jìn)行修飾限定。注意：that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)要充當(dāng)句子成分，定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。如在I had no idea that you were her

10、e句中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略。 而Have you got the idea (that) this book reveals of life in ancient Greece? 中that引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代the idea,作reveal的賓語，可以省略。3、名詞性從句需要關(guān)注的考點(diǎn)：易考點(diǎn)說 明It作形式主語的常見結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It + be +形容詞（necessary/important/obvious）+ that從句。 (2) It + be + 過去分詞(believed/reported/ decided) + that從句。 (3) It + be +名詞+ tha

11、t從句。例如: It is a fact that . (事實(shí)是)It is a surprise that . (令人驚奇的是); It is common knowledge that . (是常識(shí))。 (4) It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that從句。例如:It appears that . (似乎); It happens that . (碰巧); It occurred to me that . (我突然想起)等。 It作形式賓語的常見結(jié)構(gòu)(1) 用在“動(dòng)詞+ it + 補(bǔ)足語(常為形容詞)+賓語從句”的句式中。常見的用it作形式賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞有believe; find; make; g

12、uess; suppose等。 (2)某些及物動(dòng)詞或短語不能直接加賓語從句,此時(shí)用it作形式賓語,然后再接賓語從句,常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ike、dislike、hate、appreciate等。 具體為“動(dòng)詞+ it + 從句”。that的省略 一般來講，在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的that不可省略。而在賓語從句中的that可以省略，但下列情況一般不省略：當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略；由it作形式賓語時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或從句時(shí)；當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)。 從句與先行詞的分隔這種情況多見于同位語從句。

13、為了保持句子平衡，從句與先行詞往往被介詞短語、副詞或謂語等分開。 看題時(shí)必須分析好句子結(jié)構(gòu)。從句語序名詞性從句永遠(yuǎn)是陳述句的形式。連詞和狀語從句 【點(diǎn)撥提升】一、概念導(dǎo)圖：二、規(guī)律點(diǎn)撥各種狀語從句連詞及用法概覽種 類連接詞及用法注意點(diǎn)時(shí) 間狀 語when當(dāng)時(shí)候be about to do sth whenbe doing sth whenbe on the point of doing sth when主句謂語表示將來意義時(shí)，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；while引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的；until用在肯定句中主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，而否定句中主句動(dòng)詞為短暫性的。在當(dāng)時(shí)，在那時(shí)既然while當(dāng)時(shí)候

14、While reading, do be careful with the writers tone.表示對(duì)比，然而 He is playing while she is washing.盡管 While he had worked hard, he failed again.as一邊一邊，同時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)/名/形/副+as+主+謂 盡管as+形/副+as 像一樣before在之前It will be +一段時(shí)間+before+sb do sthIt was +一段時(shí)間+before+sb did sth過多久才沒多久就未等到sinceIt is/has been +一段時(shí)間+since sb di

15、d sthIt was +一段時(shí)間+since sb had done sthafter過后until, till 直到not.until直到才by the time 到為止 （與過去完成時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)連用）as soon as= the moment=the minute=immediately=directlyinstantly= hardlywhen= no soonerthan 一就 each/every time+從句 每次地點(diǎn)狀語where, wherever引導(dǎo)的狀語從句修飾動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組或句子。Youd better make a mark where you have any

16、 doubts.where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾的是名詞，放在名詞后。Youd better make a mark in the place where you have any doubts.原因狀語because+從句； because of+名詞/代詞/doing 回答whybecause語氣最強(qiáng)，since較弱，表示聽者與說話人都明白的原因，as又次之。as雙方都知道的原因 since=now that既然（通常位于句首）for不能放句首條件狀語if 如果；假如unless(=ifnot)除非；once一旦； in case以防，萬一； as long as=so long as 只要

17、；on condition that 條件是，假如；suppose/supposing that 假如； provided/providing that假如；seeing that考慮到； granting that 即使； saving that 除了，除非；assuming that 假使； admitting that 雖說，即使；considering that考慮到 從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來時(shí)，常用一般時(shí)代替。目的狀語so that以便，為的是； in order to=so as to為了； in order that=so that為了；for fear that=lest以免，

18、唯恐 so that和in order that后的謂語常用may, could, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)果狀語sothat 如此以至于suchthat 如此以至于so +形/副+that so+形/副+a/an+可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞+thatsuch+名詞+that such+a/an+形/副+可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞+thatso+many/much/few/little+名詞+thatsuch+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that當(dāng)so/such所在部分放句首時(shí)，主句謂語部分要用部分倒裝比較狀語as+形/副+as 像一樣not as/so+形/副+as 不像一樣 the more+形/副+主+謂，the more

19、+形/副+主+謂adj/ adv-er + than 比更方式狀語as if=as though 好像as if 和as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣。讓步狀語though, although,雖然（不與but連用，但可與still、yet連用）though 還可單獨(dú)使用，放在句子末尾，意為“然而，可是”。even if=even though 即使，盡管動(dòng)/名/形/副+as/though+主+謂 盡管no matter what= whatever, no matter who=whoever, no matter which=whichever, no matter when=wh

20、eneverno matter where=wherever no matter how+形/副詞=however+形/副詞as/ though在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式；although和though用正常語序，可和yet連用，但不可和but連用狀語從句中省略主語和謂語連詞（though, whether, when）+形容詞: when necessary連詞（when, while, though等）+分詞: though invited連詞（as if/though）+不定式； as if to say to himself當(dāng)從句中的主語是it，謂語動(dòng)詞中又含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略i

21、t+be，構(gòu)成“連詞+形容詞/分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 2004-2014年全國(guó)各地高考英語試題分類匯編：1.（2014安徽卷）The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. When B. where C. why D. which2（2014北京卷）30. The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal. A. where B. when C. how D. why3I am afraid hes more o

22、f a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why4.（2014福建卷） Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where5.（2014湖南卷）.I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read th

23、is book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where604上海Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses_ _eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. A.because B.though C.unless D.if7.（2014陜西卷） _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. A.

24、 Why B. When C. That D. What 804上海Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. A. when B. while C. since D. once 904天津It was evening_ we reached the little town of Winchester. A.that B.until C.since D.before10Ones life has valueone brings value to

25、the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that11（2014重慶卷 ）Half an hour later, Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _the bus had dropped her. A. until B. When C. although D. where12.（2014四川卷） I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children. _ is quite unexpected. A. t

26、hat B. which C. who D. it13.（2014天津卷） English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently.A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them14.（2014浙江卷 ）I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the

27、branches of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why15（2014江蘇卷） Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed. A. though B. as C. since D. unless16（2014江西卷）It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game . A. that B. as C. which D.

28、when 17.（2014重慶卷 ）Well reach the sales targets in a month_we set at at the beginning of the year. A. which B.where C. when D.what1804全國(guó)IThe journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 1904全國(guó)IIIThere w

29、ere dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that 20The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. what B. how C. thatD. why21（2014四川卷） Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, Thats _ I was born. A. when B. how C. why D. where22.04全

30、國(guó)IVThere are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _ five are mine. A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which 23.04北京George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name24.04北京_ is reported in the

31、newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What 25（2014大綱卷）Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 26.04湖北There was _ time _ I hated to go to school. A. a; that B. a; w

32、hen C. the; that D. the; when27.04湖北There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which28.06福建Look out!Dont get too close to the houseroof is under repair.A.whoseB.whichC.of whichD.that29.07北京Womendrink more

33、than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than thosedont.A.who;/B./;whoC.who;who D./;/30.The music video Gangnam Style, _ the singer rides on an invisible horse through the streets, has become such a wonderful hit _ most people, especially the young, are crazy about

34、. A.which; that B.in which; as C.where; which D.when; what31（2014北京卷）.Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever. C. wherever D. however32She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whic

35、hever B. however C. whatever D. whoever33It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.Awhether Bwhere Cwhich Dthat34（2014江蘇卷）What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am_you have made me. A. howB. whatC. thatD. who35Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thatsthe be

36、st jobs are. A.whereB.what C.when D.why36It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 37 is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A.ItB.What C.AsD.Which38.（2014江蘇卷） The book has helped me great

37、ly in my daily communication, especially at work _a good impression is a must. A. whichB. whenC. asD. where39.（2014江西卷） Among the many dangers_ sailors have to face , probably the greatest of all is fog . A. which B. what C. where D. when 40（2014重慶卷 ）Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale U

38、niversity yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea _he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. A. when B. Why C. that D. how4104廣東Parents are taught to understandimportant education is to their childrens future.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so42（2014安徽卷）The meaning of the word nice changed a few times it fin

39、ally came to include the sense pleasant.A. before B. after C. since D. while43.07遼寧Eric received training in computer for one year, he found a job in a big company.A.after that B.after whichC.after itD.after this44.07山東The book was written in 1946, the education system has witnessed great changes.A.

40、whenB.during whichC.since thenD.since when45（2014北京卷）_ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. As B. When C. Even thoughD. In case46（2014湖南卷）Children，when by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C. accompanying D. accomp

41、anied47The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health. A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out48（2014湖南卷） You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work. A. when B. because C. after D. unless49I dont believe weve met before, I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless50（2014陜西卷） The young couple, who