語法精講強化系列3形容詞和副詞

1、3. 形容詞和副詞考點考點1形容詞和副詞的詞形變化形容詞和副詞的詞形變化1. 形容詞后綴形容詞后綴(1)-able: v. +able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable等。等。n. +able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable等。等。(2)-ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible等。等。(3)-al: international, mental, medical, natural, general等。等。(4)-ant或或-ent: instant, dist

2、ant, constant, important, patient, different, absent等。等。(5)-ed或或-ing: interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing等。等。(6)-en: wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken等。等。(7)-ern: eastern, southern, western, northern等。等。(8)-ful: n. +ful: colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。等。v. +ful: forgetful, ca

3、reful等。等。(9)-less: fearless, harmless, useless, helpless等。等。(10)-ly: friendly, lovely, daily, weekly等。等。(11)n. /v. +(i)ous: curious, dangerous, various, anxious等。等。(12)-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome等。等。(13)n. +-y: funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。等。2. 形容詞前綴形容詞前綴(1)un-: unhappy, unfair, uni

4、mportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary等。等。(2)im-: impossible, impolite, impatient等。等。(3)in-: inactive, inconvenient, incorrect等。等。(4)dis-: disabled, dishonest等。等。(5)ir-: irregular, irresponsible等。等。(6)il-: illegal等。等。 3. 副詞后綴副詞后綴一般都是一般都是 adj. +-ly構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, 如如simplesimply等。等。【點津點津】注意以注意以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞時有的去掉結(jié)尾的

5、形容詞變副詞時有的去掉e, 有的不去有的不去e, 直接加直接加-ly。例如。例如: definitedefinitely, truetruly。【典例剖析【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當形式填空用所給詞的適當形式填空(2015陜西高考陜西高考)When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes_(natural). 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 句意強調(diào)句意強調(diào)“她做了一件順其自然的事她做了一件順其自然的事”, 即即符合狗本性的事。此處應該用副詞符合狗本性的事。此處應該用副詞naturally作狀語作狀

6、語, 修修飾動詞飾動詞come。答案判定答案判定: naturally【高考題組【高考題組】用所給詞的適當形式填空用所給詞的適當形式填空/單句改錯單句改錯1. (2015全國卷全國卷)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _ (slow)during cool nights. 2. (2015全國卷全國卷)As _(nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the ado

7、be walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. slowlynatural3. (2014全國卷全國卷)The river was so polluted that it _ (actual)caught fire and burned. 4. (2014遼寧高考遼寧高考)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _ (soft). actuallysoftly5. (2014全國卷全國卷)Everyo

8、ne on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _(sudden)became friendly to one another. 6. (2015全國卷全國卷)How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried. (改錯改錯)_suddenlyterrible改為改為terribly7. (2014遼寧高考遼寧高考)That is too much for us, considering how closely

9、the houses are. (改錯改錯)_closely改為改為close考點考點2形容詞和副詞的基本用法形容詞和副詞的基本用法1. 在高考語法填空和短文改錯中會涉及一些常見的、在高考語法填空和短文改錯中會涉及一些常見的、與派生詞變化無關(guān)的基本形容詞和副詞的用法與派生詞變化無關(guān)的基本形容詞和副詞的用法, 如如before, ago, many, much, ever, never等。等。2. 有些副詞有些副詞, 如如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等等, 作評注性狀語作評注性狀語, 往往修往

10、往修飾整個句子飾整個句子, 而且它們常位于句首而且它們常位于句首, 且有逗號與后面句且有逗號與后面句子分開。把握這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法特點子分開。把握這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法特點, 有助于快速填空。有助于快速填空。3. 連接副詞的用法連接副詞的用法連接副詞連接副詞邏輯語意邏輯語意意義意義though表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折雖然雖然, 然而然而yet表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折然而然而, 可是可是however表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折, 其后常用逗號其后常用逗號然而然而, 但是但是instead表轉(zhuǎn)折或相反表轉(zhuǎn)折或相反相反相反, 代替代替otherwise表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折否則否則besides表遞進表遞進另外另外, 而且而且moreover表遞進表遞進

11、再說再說, 而且而且still表遞進表遞進仍然仍然, 依然依然連接副詞連接副詞邏輯語意邏輯語意意義意義therefore表結(jié)果表結(jié)果因此因此thus表結(jié)果表結(jié)果因此因此anyway表讓步表讓步無論如何無論如何【點津【點津】注意注意however是?？荚~是?？荚~, 而且尤其要注意而且尤其要注意, 所填所填空位于句首時空位于句首時, 勿忘大寫第一個字母勿忘大寫第一個字母!短文改錯中可能短文改錯中可能會涉及對這些副詞邏輯語意的考查。會涉及對這些副詞邏輯語意的考查。*Many of us were raised with the saying“Waste not, want not. ”None of

12、 us, however, can completely avoid waste in our lives. 【典例剖析【典例剖析】單句改錯單句改錯(2015全國卷全國卷)Much rare animals are dying out. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)animals前應該用前應該用many修飾。修飾。注意注意: 首字母應該大寫。首字母應該大寫。答案判定答案判定: 句中的句中的MuchMany【高考題組【高考題組】單句改錯單句改錯1. (2014全國卷全國卷)Nearly five years before, my sister and I planted some

13、 cherry tomatoes(圣女果圣女果)in our back garden. _before改為改為ago2. (2014全國卷全國卷)There are so much tomatoes that we often share them with our neighbors. _3. (2015陜西高考陜西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. _much改為改為manywell改為改為good4. (2013全國卷全國卷)I remember my grandfather very much. _5. (2013全國卷全國卷)How

14、ever, he was the gentlest man I have never known. _much改為改為well/clearlynever改為改為ever考點考點3比較級、最高級的用法比較級、最高級的用法有關(guān)比較級和最高級的考查主要有以下幾點有關(guān)比較級和最高級的考查主要有以下幾點: 1. 等級用法的固定句式等級用法的固定句式(1)as+形容詞或副詞原級形容詞或副詞原級+as. . . 像像一樣一樣(2)as+ adj. +a(n)+n. 單數(shù)單數(shù)+as. . . 像像一樣一樣(3)not so/as+形容詞或副詞原級形容詞或副詞原級+as. . . 不如不如那那樣樣(4)too/

15、how+ adj. +a/an+單數(shù)名詞的固定句型單數(shù)名詞的固定句型(5)as many+復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞+as. . . 或者或者as much+不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞+as. . . 和和一樣多一樣多(6)表示表示“兩者中較兩者中較的一個的一個”, 用用“the+比較級比較級”的的結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。注意注意: as much+a/an+n. 單數(shù)單數(shù)+as. . . 既是既是又是又是*It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人們通常認為教學既是一門藝術(shù)也是一門科學。人們通常認為教學既是

16、一門藝術(shù)也是一門科學。 2. 修飾比較級的副詞及副詞短語修飾比較級的副詞及副詞短語a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many times, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even, no等。見到這些詞時等。見到這些詞時, 首先首先考慮所填空是否要用比較級或最高級形式?？紤]所填空是否要用比較級或最高級形式。注意注意: very, quite, fairly, too等通常修飾原級。等通常修飾原級。3. 否定詞十比較級表示最高級否定詞十比較級表示最高級Your story is perfect; Ive ne

17、ver heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了你的故事太完美了, 我之前從來沒有聽過比這我之前從來沒有聽過比這更好的故事。更好的故事。I cant agree more. 我非常同意。我非常同意?！军c津【點津】(1)對于形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級的考對于形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級的考查具有比較直接化的特點查具有比較直接化的特點, 常出現(xiàn)標志性的單詞常出現(xiàn)標志性的單詞, 如如as, than等等, 也常通過設置語境也常通過設置語境, 讓考生判斷用原級、比較讓考生判斷用原級、比較級還是最高級級還是最高級, 所以準確理解語境意義所以準確理解語境意義, 理順上下文邏

18、理順上下文邏輯關(guān)系也是解題關(guān)鍵。輯關(guān)系也是解題關(guān)鍵。(2)在寫作中要注意對在寫作中要注意對“the+比較級比較級. . . , the+比較級比較級. . . ”這一句式結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握這一句式結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握, 在兩個在兩個the+比較級的后面的兩個比較級的后面的兩個分句都要用陳述語序。分句都要用陳述語序。【典例剖析【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當形式填空用所給詞的適當形式填空(2014全國卷全國卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_ (clean)than ever. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 句意句意: 最后人們

19、的努力得到了回報最后人們的努力得到了回報, 現(xiàn)在這現(xiàn)在這條河比以前更干凈了。根據(jù)句意以及空后的條河比以前更干凈了。根據(jù)句意以及空后的than, 可知可知空缺處應該填提示詞的比較級形式?？杖碧帒撎钐崾驹~的比較級形式。答案判定答案判定: cleaner【高考題組【高考題組】用所給詞的適當形式填空用所給詞的適當形式填空/單句改錯單句改錯1. (2015北京高考北京高考)I didnt realize how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some _(quiet)music at night. 2. (2015天津高考

20、天津高考)It was also much more than we could afford, but far _(little)than the original asking price. quieterless3. (2015天津高考天津高考)He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the _ (good)advice Ive ever had. 4. (2015陜西高考陜西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world. (改錯改錯)_bestbetter改為改為best5. (2013浙江高考浙江高考)To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. (改錯改錯)_bad改為改為worse考點考點4倍數(shù)句型的用法倍數(shù)句型的用法常見的倍數(shù)句型主要有常見的倍數(shù)句型主要有: 1. A is+倍數(shù)十比較級倍數(shù)十比較級+than+B。2. A is+倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+a