語(yǔ)法精講強(qiáng)化系列3形容詞和副詞

1、3. 形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1形容詞和副詞的詞形變化形容詞和副詞的詞形變化1. 形容詞后綴形容詞后綴(1)-able: v. +able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable等。等。n. +able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable等。等。(2)-ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible等。等。(3)-al: international, mental, medical, natural, general等。等。(4)-ant或或-ent: instant, dist

2、ant, constant, important, patient, different, absent等。等。(5)-ed或或-ing: interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing等。等。(6)-en: wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken等。等。(7)-ern: eastern, southern, western, northern等。等。(8)-ful: n. +ful: colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。等。v. +ful: forgetful, ca

3、reful等。等。(9)-less: fearless, harmless, useless, helpless等。等。(10)-ly: friendly, lovely, daily, weekly等。等。(11)n. /v. +(i)ous: curious, dangerous, various, anxious等。等。(12)-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome等。等。(13)n. +-y: funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。等。2. 形容詞前綴形容詞前綴(1)un-: unhappy, unfair, uni

4、mportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary等。等。(2)im-: impossible, impolite, impatient等。等。(3)in-: inactive, inconvenient, incorrect等。等。(4)dis-: disabled, dishonest等。等。(5)ir-: irregular, irresponsible等。等。(6)il-: illegal等。等。 3. 副詞后綴副詞后綴一般都是一般都是 adj. +-ly構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, 如如simplesimply等。等?！军c(diǎn)津點(diǎn)津】注意以注意以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞時(shí)有的去掉結(jié)尾的

5、形容詞變副詞時(shí)有的去掉e, 有的不去有的不去e, 直接加直接加-ly。例如。例如: definitedefinitely, truetruly。【典例剖析【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015陜西高考陜西高考)When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes_(natural). 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 句意強(qiáng)調(diào)句意強(qiáng)調(diào)“她做了一件順其自然的事她做了一件順其自然的事”, 即即符合狗本性的事。此處應(yīng)該用副詞符合狗本性的事。此處應(yīng)該用副詞naturally作狀語(yǔ)作狀

6、語(yǔ), 修修飾動(dòng)詞飾動(dòng)詞come。答案判定答案判定: naturally【高考題組【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)1. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _ (slow)during cool nights. 2. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)As _(nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the ado

7、be walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. slowlynatural3. (2014全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)The river was so polluted that it _ (actual)caught fire and burned. 4. (2014遼寧高考遼寧高考)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _ (soft). actuallysoftly5. (2014全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Everyo

8、ne on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _(sudden)became friendly to one another. 6. (2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))_suddenlyterrible改為改為terribly7. (2014遼寧高考遼寧高考)That is too much for us, considering how closely

9、the houses are. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))_closely改為改為close考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2形容詞和副詞的基本用法形容詞和副詞的基本用法1. 在高考語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中會(huì)涉及一些常見的、在高考語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中會(huì)涉及一些常見的、與派生詞變化無(wú)關(guān)的基本形容詞和副詞的用法與派生詞變化無(wú)關(guān)的基本形容詞和副詞的用法, 如如before, ago, many, much, ever, never等。等。2. 有些副詞有些副詞, 如如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等等, 作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ), 往往修往

10、往修飾整個(gè)句子飾整個(gè)句子, 而且它們常位于句首而且它們常位于句首, 且有逗號(hào)與后面句且有逗號(hào)與后面句子分開。把握這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法特點(diǎn)子分開。把握這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法特點(diǎn), 有助于快速填空。有助于快速填空。3. 連接副詞的用法連接副詞的用法連接副詞連接副詞邏輯語(yǔ)意邏輯語(yǔ)意意義意義though表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折雖然雖然, 然而然而yet表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折然而然而, 可是可是however表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折, 其后常用逗號(hào)其后常用逗號(hào)然而然而, 但是但是instead表轉(zhuǎn)折或相反表轉(zhuǎn)折或相反相反相反, 代替代替otherwise表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折否則否則besides表遞進(jìn)表遞進(jìn)另外另外, 而且而且moreover表遞進(jìn)表遞進(jìn)

11、再說(shuō)再說(shuō), 而且而且still表遞進(jìn)表遞進(jìn)仍然仍然, 依然依然連接副詞連接副詞邏輯語(yǔ)意邏輯語(yǔ)意意義意義therefore表結(jié)果表結(jié)果因此因此thus表結(jié)果表結(jié)果因此因此anyway表讓步表讓步無(wú)論如何無(wú)論如何【點(diǎn)津【點(diǎn)津】注意注意however是常考詞是?？荚~, 而且尤其要注意而且尤其要注意, 所填所填空位于句首時(shí)空位于句首時(shí), 勿忘大寫第一個(gè)字母勿忘大寫第一個(gè)字母!短文改錯(cuò)中可能短文改錯(cuò)中可能會(huì)涉及對(duì)這些副詞邏輯語(yǔ)意的考查。會(huì)涉及對(duì)這些副詞邏輯語(yǔ)意的考查。*Many of us were raised with the saying“Waste not, want not. ”None of

12、 us, however, can completely avoid waste in our lives. 【典例剖析【典例剖析】單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)(2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Much rare animals are dying out. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)animals前應(yīng)該用前應(yīng)該用many修飾。修飾。注意注意: 首字母應(yīng)該大寫。首字母應(yīng)該大寫。答案判定答案判定: 句中的句中的MuchMany【高考題組【高考題組】單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)1. (2014全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Nearly five years before, my sister and I planted some

13、 cherry tomatoes(圣女果圣女果)in our back garden. _before改為改為ago2. (2014全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)There are so much tomatoes that we often share them with our neighbors. _3. (2015陜西高考陜西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. _much改為改為manywell改為改為good4. (2013全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)I remember my grandfather very much. _5. (2013全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)How

14、ever, he was the gentlest man I have never known. _much改為改為well/clearlynever改為改為ever考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法有關(guān)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的考查主要有以下幾點(diǎn)有關(guān)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的考查主要有以下幾點(diǎn): 1. 等級(jí)用法的固定句式等級(jí)用法的固定句式(1)as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as. . . 像像一樣一樣(2)as+ adj. +a(n)+n. 單數(shù)單數(shù)+as. . . 像像一樣一樣(3)not so/as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as. . . 不如不如那那樣樣(4)too/

15、how+ adj. +a/an+單數(shù)名詞的固定句型單數(shù)名詞的固定句型(5)as many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+as. . . 或者或者as much+不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞+as. . . 和和一樣多一樣多(6)表示表示“兩者中較兩者中較的一個(gè)的一個(gè)”, 用用“the+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)”的的結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。注意注意: as much+a/an+n. 單數(shù)單數(shù)+as. . . 既是既是又是又是*It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人們通常認(rèn)為教學(xué)既是一門藝術(shù)也是一門科學(xué)。人們通常認(rèn)為教學(xué)既是

16、一門藝術(shù)也是一門科學(xué)。 2. 修飾比較級(jí)的副詞及副詞短語(yǔ)修飾比較級(jí)的副詞及副詞短語(yǔ)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many times, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even, no等。見到這些詞時(shí)等。見到這些詞時(shí), 首先首先考慮所填空是否要用比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式?？紤]所填空是否要用比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式。注意注意: very, quite, fairly, too等通常修飾原級(jí)。等通常修飾原級(jí)。3. 否定詞十比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)否定詞十比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)Your story is perfect; Ive ne

17、ver heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了你的故事太完美了, 我之前從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽過(guò)比這我之前從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽過(guò)比這更好的故事。更好的故事。I cant agree more. 我非常同意。我非常同意?！军c(diǎn)津【點(diǎn)津】(1)對(duì)于形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的考對(duì)于形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的考查具有比較直接化的特點(diǎn)查具有比較直接化的特點(diǎn), 常出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志性的單詞常出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志性的單詞, 如如as, than等等, 也常通過(guò)設(shè)置語(yǔ)境也常通過(guò)設(shè)置語(yǔ)境, 讓考生判斷用原級(jí)、比較讓考生判斷用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)級(jí)還是最高級(jí), 所以準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)境意義所以準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)境意義, 理順上下文邏

18、理順上下文邏輯關(guān)系也是解題關(guān)鍵。輯關(guān)系也是解題關(guān)鍵。(2)在寫作中要注意對(duì)在寫作中要注意對(duì)“the+比較級(jí)比較級(jí). . . , the+比較級(jí)比較級(jí). . . ”這一句式結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握這一句式結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握, 在兩個(gè)在兩個(gè)the+比較級(jí)的后面的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)的后面的兩個(gè)分句都要用陳述語(yǔ)序。分句都要用陳述語(yǔ)序?！镜淅饰觥镜淅饰觥坑盟o詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2014全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_ (clean)than ever. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 句意句意: 最后人們

19、的努力得到了回報(bào)最后人們的努力得到了回報(bào), 現(xiàn)在這現(xiàn)在這條河比以前更干凈了。根據(jù)句意以及空后的條河比以前更干凈了。根據(jù)句意以及空后的than, 可知可知空缺處應(yīng)該填提示詞的比較級(jí)形式。空缺處應(yīng)該填提示詞的比較級(jí)形式。答案判定答案判定: cleaner【高考題組【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)1. (2015北京高考北京高考)I didnt realize how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some _(quiet)music at night. 2. (2015天津高考

20、天津高考)It was also much more than we could afford, but far _(little)than the original asking price. quieterless3. (2015天津高考天津高考)He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the _ (good)advice Ive ever had. 4. (2015陜西高考陜西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))_bestbetter改為改為best5. (2013浙江高考浙江高考)To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))_bad改為改為worse考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4倍數(shù)句型的用法倍數(shù)句型的用法常見的倍數(shù)句型主要有常見的倍數(shù)句型主要有: 1. A is+倍數(shù)十比較級(jí)倍數(shù)十比較級(jí)+than+B。2. A is+倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+a