[虛擬語(yǔ)氣]概要

1、Subjunctive Mood虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣， 陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。擬語(yǔ)氣。一、陳述語(yǔ)氣一、陳述語(yǔ)氣 (The Indicative Mood): 用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一種看法，有肯定、用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一種看法，有肯定、 否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。 The sun is larger than the earth. Does Tom usually get up very early? What a clever boy!二、祈使語(yǔ)氣二、祈使語(yǔ)氣(The Imperative Mood)

2、 用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。Wait outside until you are asked . Lets just take a break, shall we ？ The Subjective Mood 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的某種假設(shè)、愿望、虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的某種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑、猜測(cè)、建議等含義，即動(dòng)詞所表示懷疑、猜測(cè)、建議等含義，即動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)并非事實(shí)，或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)并非事實(shí)，或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn) 。V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原

3、)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I_ you, I should stay at home. If I _the time, I would make a trip to Italy to see the Leaning tower. werehad 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 If you _yester

4、day, you would have met him. (come)If the hurricane _during the daytime， there would have been many deaths.(happen)had comehad happened與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 If you came tomorrow, we _the meeting. (have) If it _tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)would havewere to/should rain虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種特殊用法虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種特殊用法

5、從句省略從句省略 if, 用倒裝句式用倒裝句式“were, had, should+主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)”a. Were I in school again, I would work harder. b. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. c. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣典型例題典型例題1) The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C

6、. rained D. is rained2) - Would you have called her up _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been was B. if it was were C. if it had been had been D. if it were would beB該句為陳述語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)橹骶溆玫氖窃摼錇殛愂稣Z(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)橹骶溆玫氖?will be put off。真。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代將來(lái)時(shí)。實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代將來(lái)時(shí)。問(wèn)句中用的是虛擬語(yǔ)

7、氣，主句用問(wèn)句中用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句用 would have called, 從從句中與過(guò)去相反的動(dòng)詞形式為句中與過(guò)去相反的動(dòng)詞形式為 had done；答句中表示；答句中表示的是真實(shí)的情況，所以該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。的是真實(shí)的情況，所以該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。A用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。（含蓄虛擬用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。（含蓄虛擬條件句）條件句） Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help. Without your help, I would have failed

8、c. I was ill that day .otherwise ,I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副詞副詞)d. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .(連詞連詞) e. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without electricity = If there were no electricitywithout和和but fo

9、r,otherwise 構(gòu)成虛擬。構(gòu)成虛擬。(but for要要不是不是) 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和主主句中的動(dòng)作句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，(錯(cuò)綜錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間時(shí)間條件句）條件句）如：如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. 假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假

10、設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be Withoutwould bePractice:假如你接受了我的意見(jiàn)，你現(xiàn)在就假如你接受了我的意見(jiàn)，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好的多。會(huì)好的多。You much better now if you my advice.would behad taken要不是你誤了公共汽車(chē)的話，我

11、們現(xiàn)在正要不是你誤了公共汽車(chē)的話，我們現(xiàn)在正在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)呢在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)呢If you_the bus,we _the concert now.hadnt missedwould be enjoying 經(jīng)典題目經(jīng)典題目1. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. asked would know had asked would have knownC. asked him know D. had asked would know2. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A.

12、Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherCD高考題點(diǎn)擊高考題點(diǎn)擊3 You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt getB. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 4 It is hard for me to imagine w

13、hat I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(02 上海) A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall前句用的是陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事；后句是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去相反。BB該句主句中用的是與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而從句中使用的是與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。全句意思為“如果我不在七歲時(shí)迷上了我們家鄉(xiāng)的 Melinda Cox Lib

14、rary，我真不能想象我今天會(huì)做什么。”二二. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型:Wish的賓語(yǔ)從I wish I _a bird.I wish he _that. (do)I wish I _rich in the future.werehadnt donewould be1.Wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 2. would rather that現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在:過(guò)去過(guò)去:未來(lái)未來(lái):1)I would rather you paid me now.2)I would rather you had attended the meeting yesterday.3)Dont come. I w

15、ould rather you came tomorrow.過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)記住記住Wish1) 現(xiàn)在：用過(guò)去式現(xiàn)在：用過(guò)去式2)將來(lái)將來(lái):(would/could) do 3)過(guò)去：過(guò)去： (had done)would rather1) 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在或或?qū)?lái)將來(lái):用過(guò)去式用過(guò)去式2) 過(guò)去過(guò)去: (had done)1. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海) A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had2. When a pencil

16、is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (95 N) A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenBC3. as if /though + Clause 現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)1)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.2)It seems that it were spring.3)I remember the whole thing as if it had happened

17、yesterday.4)They talked as if they had been friends for years. 5)He looks as if he were drunk.4. If only 要是就好了要是就好了與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在 事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 過(guò)去時(shí)（過(guò)去時(shí)（were）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)與將來(lái) 事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 would/could/might+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形1)If only I knew his name! 2)If only we had followed your advice!3) If only I could see

18、 him again! Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)Should不可省略不可省略 +V.6. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。使用使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形, 或者將或者將should省略。省略。賓語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞: 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)堅(jiān)持, 兩個(gè)命令兩個(gè)命令, 三個(gè)建議三個(gè)建議, 四個(gè)要求。即四個(gè)要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). de

19、mand, require, request, desireI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建議建議” 或或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)”, 即它們用于其即它們用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)時(shí),賓賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey)

20、 the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句包括主語(yǔ)從句, 表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)也要表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 從句中的動(dòng)詞

21、形式一樣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.7. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/a pi

22、ty/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬, 即即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. h

23、as to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDB 小試牛刀小試牛刀1.If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2.The fire _ if you had been more careful .A. wou

24、ld not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt 3. You didnt let me drive . If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4.If it _ rain , the crops would be saved . A. should

25、 B. will C. is going to D. was to 5. _ today , he would get to Germany by Friday . A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves 6.If he _ it , he _ it. A. had seen ; could have believed B. saw ; couldnt believe C. saw ; couldnt have believed D. has seen ; had believed 7.-

26、He is a very brave man . -Yes , I wish I _his courage . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 8. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night . was B. were C. had been D. should go 9.I wish I _ you yesterday . seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see10. I wish I _ ten years younger . A. a

27、m B. were C. am going to D. be 11.I wish that you _.get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job12. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 13. -You _ have set aside more time t

28、o play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you know how busy I was .should; would B. could ; did C. might ; should D. should ; had 14. I cant send her an invitation . I wish I _ her new address . A. know B. will know C. have known D. knew15. - Would you like to work in my company ? - Sorry , Id rathe

29、r _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your company . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 16. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done 17. -How does your aunt act ? - She acts as if

30、 she _ an expert . A. were B. was C. is D. has been 18. The child talks to us as if he _ a grown-up . A. is B. will be C. had been D. were 19. I remember the story as though I _ . A. just read it B. have just read it C. had just read it D. were just reading it .20. When a pencil is partly in a glass

31、 of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has breaks C. were broken D. had been broken21. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 22. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began 23.- Tommy , isnt it time

32、 you _ the school bus ?- Okay, I _ my breakfast .A. should catch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishingC. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 24. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started 25. Fra

33、nklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 26. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A.is B. were C. has been D. be 27. Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable . A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait 28. The professor gave orders

34、that the test _ before 5:30 pm. A, be finished B. will finish C, must be finished D. should finished 29. My father was strict . He requested that I _ television on week nights . A, mustnt watch B. not watch C, couldnt watch D. dont watch 30. Marys uncle insists_ in this hotel . A, not staying B. not

35、 to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 31.We demanded that he _ the bill by the end of this month . must pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid 32. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip . A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had better bring 33. Its one oclock in the morning . It

36、s high time that you _ your store . A, close B. should close C. have closed D. had closed 34. It _ hard now , otherwise we could go out to play .A. rained B. rains C. is raining D. would rain 35. I was ill that day , otherwise I _ the sports meet . would take part in B. had taken part in C. took par

37、t in D. would have taken part in 36. But for the party , he _ of hunger 30 year ago . A. would have died B. must have died C. would die D. died 37. Without your help , I _ the exam last term . A. would have passed B. wouldnt pass C. would have failed D. failed in 38. They helped me a lot . I dont know what I _ without their help . would do B. had done C. would have done D. will have done 39. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball ,