2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題突破專題7情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件外研版

1、語法專題突破專題七情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣專題七情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)一情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1can和could的用法(1)表示“能力”。the man can/could speak two foreign languages.那個人能說兩門外語。一情態(tài)動詞(2)表示推測，一般用于疑問句和否定句。can the news be true?這個消息可能是真實的嗎？it cant be true.它不可能是真實的。(3)表示可能性。用于肯定句，常譯為“往往會，常常會，有時候可能會”。accidents can/could happen on rainy days.車禍常會發(fā)生在雨天。(4)表示請

2、示、允許?？谡Z中常用could代替can。could用以委婉地提出請求等，但回答時必須用can。can i have a rest?我能休息一下嗎？(5)cannot too/enough表示“無論也不過分”“越越好”。you cant be too careful while driving.開車時越小心越好。you cannot remember enough english words.你記得的英語單詞越多越好。2may和might的用法(1)表示許可。might比may的語氣更委婉。you may use my bike.你可以用我的自行車。(2)表示推測，意為“可能”。may not

3、表示一種不太確定的語氣，意為“可能不”。some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people.言語不多的人未必就是害羞；他們或許就是安靜的人。(3)may表示請求時，其否定式常用mustnt表示“禁止”。may i use your car?我可以用一下你的車嗎？no，you mustnt.不行。(委婉拒絕可用：sorry，but im using it now或youd better not)3must(1)表示義務(wù)，意為“必須”(主觀意志)。we must

4、do everything step by step.我們一切都必須循序漸進(jìn)地做。特別提示：回答以must開頭的問句時，若是否定回答，需要用 neednt 或 dont have to。must we hand in our exercises today?我們今天必須交練習(xí)嗎？yes，you must/no，you neednt/you dont have to.是的，必須交。/不，不必。(2)表示推測，意為“一定，必定”，表達(dá)十分肯定的語氣，只能用于肯定句中。he must be illhe looks so pale.他準(zhǔn)是病了。他臉色那么蒼白。(3)表示“非得，偏要”。must you

5、 make so much noise?你非得弄出這么多噪聲嗎？4shall和should的用法(1)shall用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅等，此外，頒布法律、法規(guī)時也用shall。you shall have a new bike for your birthday.你會得到一輛新自行車作為生日禮物。the new law shall come into effect next month.新法將于下個月生效。用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽hall the man standing outside have a try?讓

6、站在外邊的那個人試試？(2)should表示義務(wù)，常譯為“應(yīng)該”，用于各種人稱。parents should take good care of their babies.父母應(yīng)該照顧好他們的孩子。表示驚訝、意外等，常譯為“竟然，居然”。i am surprised that you should speak ill of me.我很驚訝，你竟然說我壞話。5will和would的用法(1)表示意愿，用于各種人稱的陳述句中。would常指過去的意愿。if you want to read the book，ill give it to you.如果你想讀這本書，我可以給你。(2)表示請求，用于疑

7、問句。would語氣較委婉。will you close the window?請你關(guān)上窗戶好嗎？(3)表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作，常譯為“總是，習(xí)慣于”。would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向，后面接表示動作的動詞，不能接表示狀態(tài)的詞。every morning he will have a walk along the river.每天早晨，他總是沿著小河散步。特別提示：used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。he would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours.他過去常坐在公園里讀

8、書，一讀幾小時，這個公園過去曾經(jīng)是一個工廠。6need和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動詞，也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于否定句和疑問句。need i come?我需要來嗎？yes，you must.是的，你必須來。you neednt telephone him now.你現(xiàn)在不必給他打電話。she dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一個人出去。考點(diǎn)二“情態(tài)動詞have done”的用法1對過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測must have done(過去)一定；語氣比較肯定；用于肯定句may(might)have done(過去)

9、可能；語氣不確定；用于肯定句和否定句can(could)have done(過去)可能，用于否定句和疑問句，表示懷疑或不確定since nobody gave him any help，he must have done the research on his own.既然沒有人幫助他，他一定是獨(dú)自做的研究。could he have left the work unfinished?他會丟下工作不干了？2表示“與過去事實相反”could have done過去本可以做某事但實際上沒做neednt have done過去本不必做某事但實際上做了ought to/should have done

10、過去本應(yīng)該做某事但實際上沒做oughtnt to/shouldnt have done過去本不應(yīng)該做某事但實際上做了would have done過去本來想做某事而沒做would not have done過去本不愿意做某事而做了the taxi driver is to blame for the serious accident.出租車司機(jī)應(yīng)為這起嚴(yán)重的事故負(fù)責(zé)。i cant agree morehe shouldnt have drunk.我非常贊同。他本不應(yīng)該喝酒的。(已經(jīng)喝了)you neednt have watered the flowers because it would r

11、ain soon.你本不必澆花的，因為很快會下雨的。(已經(jīng)澆了)i would have helped you but i was busy at that time.我本來想幫你可是當(dāng)時很忙。(沒有幫)二虛擬語氣1非真實條件句中虛擬語氣的用法說明if條件句謂語主句謂語與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞的過去式(be的過去式通常用 were)would/should/could/might動詞原形與過去事實相反 had過去分詞would/should/could/mighthave過去分詞與將來事實相反動詞的過去式(be的過去式通常用were)，should do，were to動詞原形would/shoul

12、d/could/might動詞原形if i were you，i would go with him.如果我是你，我就和他一起去。if you had studied harder last term，you could have passed the exam.如果上學(xué)期你學(xué)習(xí)更努力的話，你考試就會及格了。if it snowed tomorrow，we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我們就照相。特別提示：條件句中有were，had或should時，如果省略if，則需把were，had或should放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。if i were in your positi

13、on，i would do the same.were i in your position，i would do the same.假如我處在你的位置，我也會這樣干的。if you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus.had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果你來得早些，你就會趕上公共汽車了。if it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.should it rain tomorrow，we would not go

14、 climbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去爬山了。2錯綜時間虛擬條件句當(dāng)從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，它們的形式要根據(jù)各自所發(fā)生的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。if you had worked hard，you would pass the exam this time. (從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在)如果你之前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，這次你就會通過考試了。3含蓄虛擬語氣有時，假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表達(dá)，而是暗含在上下文中，由otherwise，but，or，without，but for 等來表達(dá)。but for your help，we couldnt have succeeded.

15、(介詞短語)要不是你的幫助，我們是不會成功的。without electricity，life would be quite different today. (介詞)如果沒有電，今天的生活就會完全不同。i was ill that dayotherwise，i would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副詞)我那天病了。否則，我就參加運(yùn)動會了。he telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or i would have known nothing about it. (連詞)他打電話通知了我你的生日，

16、否則，我對此一無所知。4某些從句中虛擬語氣的用法(1)用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中。常見的動詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，advise，request，urge，command，recommend等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should動詞原形”，should 可以省略。記憶口訣一主張：insist二命令：order，command三建議：suggest，advise，recommend四要求：request，require，ask，demand外加一個敦促：urgethe school recommends parents

17、not permit their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.學(xué)校建議父母們在暑假期間不要讓自己的小孩在河里或湖里游泳。特別提示：當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“堅持認(rèn)為，堅持說”講時，從句要用陳述語氣。the expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.他臉上的表情表明他很生氣。he insisted (that) he heard someone in the next room.他堅持說他聽到隔壁屋里有人。(2)w

18、ish后跟賓語從句時用虛擬語氣。對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：wish主語動詞過去式(be動詞通常用were)對過去情況的假設(shè)：wish主語had過去分詞對將來情況的假設(shè)：wish主語would/could/might動詞原形i wish (that) i were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鳥，能在天空自由飛翔。how i wish i had listened to my parents advice!我多么希望我聽了父母的建議！i wish i could fly to the moon some day.如果有一天我能飛到月球上就

19、好了。(3)在“it is necessary/important/strange/natural/essentialthat從句”中，謂語動詞常用“should動詞原形”，should 可以省略。it is important that every member (should) know these rules.重要的是每個成員都應(yīng)該知道這些規(guī)則。it is necessary that students (should) respect teachers.學(xué)生應(yīng)該尊重老師，這是必要的。(4)would rather后跟從句時用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿；但愿”。george is g

20、oing to talk about the geography of his country，but id rather he focused more on its culture.喬治打算談?wù)撍麌业牡乩?，而我寧愿他更多地關(guān)注他國家的文化。(5)在“it is (about/high) timethat 從句”中，謂語動詞常用過去式或“should動詞原形(其中should不能省略)”。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該”，用來表示建議。it is time that you went to school.你該去上學(xué)了。it is (high) time that we should start o

21、ut.我們(早)該出發(fā)了。(6)if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。look at the trouble were inif only we had taken our teachers advice!瞧瞧我們所處的困境，要是我們采納了老師的建議就好了！(7)as if，as though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實相反用一般過去時(be動詞通常用were)；與過去事實相反用過去完成時；與將來事實相反，用would/could/might動詞原形。it seems as though it were spring already.看起來好像已經(jīng)是春天

22、了。(事實上不是)the girl is giving us a vivid description of the moonit seems as if she had been to the moon many times.這個女孩對月球的描述非常逼真，就好像她去過月球很多次似的。he opens his mouth as if he would say something.他張開嘴巴，好像要說什么。難點(diǎn)釋疑難點(diǎn)一情態(tài)動詞的易混點(diǎn)1can與be able to表示“經(jīng)過努力設(shè)法做成某事”時不用can，應(yīng)用be able to can表示“能力”時，側(cè)重于因有某種知識和技能而能辦到某事?！镜淅?/p>

23、】用could或was able to填空the fire spread through the hotel very quickly，but everyone _ get out.解析：由句意可知此處應(yīng)該是所有人經(jīng)過努力最后出去了，所以應(yīng)該用was able to。was able to2表示推測的cant與may notcant表示“不可能”，may not表示“可能不，或許不”。很明顯，cant比may not語氣強(qiáng)?！镜淅縤t _ be the postman at the doorits only six oclock now.解析：cant不可能，在此表示有把握的否定推測，符合句

24、意。cant3cant，mustnt，neednt cant指“無能力”：mustnt指“不允許，一定不要”；neednt指“不必”：【典例】用cant，musnt或neednt填空(1)there is a meeting insideyou _ make any noise. 解析：句意：里面在開會，你不許制造任何噪音。故應(yīng)填mustnt。(2)he is too young and _ make a living. 解析：句意：他太小了不能維持生計。故應(yīng)填cant。(3)according to todays weather report, it does not rain, so yo

25、u _ take the umbrella. 解析：句意：根據(jù)今天的天氣預(yù)報，今天不下雨，所以你沒有必要帶雨傘。故應(yīng)填neednt。mustntcantneednt難點(diǎn)二對現(xiàn)在/將來/過去的推測情態(tài)動詞可以用來對現(xiàn)在、將來和過去進(jìn)行推測，常用來表示推測的情態(tài)動詞有can/could，may/might，must，ought to/should等。1情態(tài)動詞do(1)“mustdo”表示對現(xiàn)在的情況進(jìn)行有把握的推測，一般用于肯定句，語氣最強(qiáng)。there must be something wrong.一定出了什么差錯。(2)“may/might/can/coulddo”表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的事情

26、的推測。it might snow tomorrow or it might be merely cloudy.明天可能下雪，或者可能只是多云。(3)“ought to/shoulddo”意為“(按道理說)應(yīng)該”，表示有把握的推測，但語氣上留有余地。it should be mike who has taken away all the materialshe said he would.應(yīng)該是邁克拿走了所有的材料。他說過他要拿。2情態(tài)動詞be doing“mustbe doing”表示“準(zhǔn)是正在做，一定正在做”。they must be talking about us.他們一定正在談?wù)撐覀?/p>

27、。 3情態(tài)動詞have done表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測。(1)must have done意為“一定做了，準(zhǔn)是做了，”表示非常有把握的肯定推測；cant/couldnt have done意為“不可能做了”，表示非常有把握的否定推測。(2)may/might have done意為“可能/也許做了，”表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情把握較小的推測。注：“情態(tài)動詞have done”的用法在前面已進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)解釋，在此只是簡單歸納。解題策略情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣解題“兩注意”注意一：若句中謂語動詞為原形，在其前設(shè)純空格題時，注意考慮情態(tài)動詞。然后根據(jù)句意或句式結(jié)構(gòu)填入恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞。注意二：一旦判斷所給動詞在

28、句中作謂語，就要考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等，特別是注意虛擬語氣中的時態(tài)。判斷虛擬語氣，除了常見的if虛擬條件句，還應(yīng)注意其他常搭配虛擬語氣的標(biāo)志詞，如suggest，would rather，as if，wish，otherwise，or，but for等。【典例1】i _ thank you enough for what you have done for me. youre welcome. 解析：cant/can notenough表示“再也不為過”，符合句意。故填cant。cant【典例2】we took a taxi to the airportotherwise we _

29、 (be) late. 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，后一句表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，其謂語應(yīng)用would have been。would have been易錯聚焦1表達(dá)的單調(diào)性例如在寫一封回信向好友表達(dá)建議時，重復(fù)使用you should 既顯得單調(diào)，同時強(qiáng)硬的語氣影響了交際效果。我們可以靈活多樣地表達(dá)建議，如youd better /you might as well /why not ？等。達(dá)標(biāo)檢測單句語法填空1(2020天津卷改編)jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意

30、：吉姆說我們可以住在他的房子里，只要我們保持它干凈整潔。根據(jù)后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，jim許可我們待在他的房子里，即：我們“能，可以”待在他的房子里。故填can。can2(2020江蘇卷改編)if i hadnt been faced with so many barriers, i _not be where i am. 解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果我沒有面對那么多的障礙，我現(xiàn)在就不會在這里。分析句子成分可知，此處是錯綜時間虛擬語氣，根據(jù)空后where i am可知，此處是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，主句謂語動詞應(yīng)使用 w o u

31、 l d / c o u l d / m i g h t / s h o u l d d o 。 故 填would/could/might/should。would/could/might/should3jack is a great talker. its high time that he _ (do) something instead of just talking. 解析：考查固定句型it is high time that sb. did/should do sth“到某人該做某事的時候了”。故填did/should do。4excuse me，do you mind if i o

32、pen the window?well，if you _i can put on more clothes. 解析：must表示偏要，必須要做的事情。故填must。did/should domust5dont handle the vase as if it_ (make) of steel. 解析：分析句意可知as if后面的句子要用虛擬語氣，并且所述情況是對現(xiàn)在事實的假設(shè)，因此使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填were made。6as the deadline is drawing near, no one _leave with his own work uncompleted. 解析：s

33、hall用于第三人稱陳述句中，表示命令、警告，符合句意。故填shall。were madeshall7my mom suggests that we _ (eat)out for a change this weekend. 解析：suggest表示“建議”時，所跟賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用(should) do。故答案為(should) eat。(should) eat8grace doesnt want to move to new york because she thinks if she _ (live)there, she wouldnt be able to see her

34、 parents very often. 解析：根據(jù)wouldnt be able to see及句意可知，該句為與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，所以if從句謂語動詞需用“were todo或shoulddo或動詞過去式”。故填were to live/should live/lived。were to live/should live/lived9sorry，i am too busy now. if i _ (have) time，i would certainly go for an outing with you. 解析：根據(jù)第一句可知設(shè)空處是對現(xiàn)在事實的假設(shè)，故if從句謂語動詞用have的

35、過去式had。10if you leave within 15 minutes，you _park your car at the roadside temporarily. 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“許可”，故用can/may。hadcan/may11(2019天津)the workers were not better organized，otherwise they _ (accomplish)the task in half the time. 解析：此處otherwise表達(dá)了一種含蓄虛擬；otherwise前的內(nèi)容所述的是過去的事實，相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句“if the

36、workers had been better organized”，因此后半部分應(yīng)用“主語would have done sth”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填would have accomplished。would have accomplished12(2019江蘇)what a pity！you missed the sightseeing，or we _(have)a good time together. 解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞or可知應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，這里表示與過去的事實相反，謂語動詞應(yīng)用would/could/should/mighthave done。故填would have had 。would ha

37、ve had13(2018天津)i cant find my pursei _ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but im not sure. 解析：根據(jù)句中時間狀語yesterday可知，是對過去發(fā)生事情的推測。故用“情態(tài)動詞have done”，再根據(jù)后句but im not sure可知，此推測為不能肯定的推測。故用could/might have done。could/might have left14(2018北京)in todays information age，the loss of data _cause serious pr

38、oblems for a company. 解析：can在此表示客觀可能性，意為“可能會，有時候會”。故答案為can。can15(2018北京)they might have found a better hotel if they _ (drive) a few more kilometers.解析：根據(jù)主句的謂語形式以及語境(事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生)可知，if條件句應(yīng)該用過去完成時。表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故從句謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”。故填had driven。had driven16(2018天津)if we _ (catch)the flight yesterday，we would

39、 be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. 解析：根據(jù)前半句中的時間狀語yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及時間狀語now可知，這是一個錯綜時間虛擬條件句。從句表示與過去的事實相反，故謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”。故填had caught。had caught17(2018江蘇)its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission. 解析：此處should作情態(tài)動詞。表示“竟然”，符合語境。故答案為should。18truly

40、elegant chopsticks might _ (make) of gold and silver with chinese characters. 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，筷子是“被制造”的。此處為含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)might be done。故填be made。shouldbe made19you _ be careful with the camera. it costs!解析：根據(jù)后面的“it costs！”可知，此處是說話人對使用相機(jī)的人提出的要求，must意為“必須”，表示說話人主觀上的要求，語氣強(qiáng)烈。故填must。must20(新課標(biāo)全國樣卷)mum：are they th

41、ere? oh, my goodness. i _ have put them in there when the phone rang. 解析：動詞原形前常跟情態(tài)動詞或助動詞。根據(jù)句意，是對過去發(fā)生的動作的最有把握的猜測，故肯定句中用must have done形式。故填must。must單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1(2018全國卷)as a kid, i loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times i asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.去掉not后的to

42、 解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。would后跟動詞原形，故把to刪除。2some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.去掉can或can should 3he became very angry，but i dared not to tell him about the game.去掉to 4when i got the papers，i realized things could have been better if i listened to the teacher much more attentively.list

43、ened前加had 5by the way，should you give me some advice on how to learn maths well?should could/would6if you are interested, please let me know as soon as possible. in that case, i cant buy the tickets ahead of time.cant can 7in his opinion，we would not only know“what”， but also understand “why”wouldsh

44、ould8she is a quiet girl at school，but sometimes she must be very naughty.mustcan9i ought to helped henry with his work, or he would have finished it now.helped 前加have 10(2020新課標(biāo)卷)i like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and i thought it must to be easy to cook.去掉to 解析：考查情態(tài)動詞用法。句意：并且我認(rèn)為它一定很簡單。must是情態(tài)

45、動詞，后接動詞原形，must后的to多余，故將must后的to去掉。語法填空rain or shine, tom is always the first to arrive at the officehis home 1._ be very near the office, or he 2._ be always in time for work. how i wish that i 3._ (live)close to work，so that i 4._ not get up so early every day. yesterday, for example, i would 5._ (arrive)in time for work as usual if i hadnt been caught in a traffic jam. the bos