美國(guó)教育簡(jiǎn)介American_education

1、American Education General introduction to American education Four levels of education Higher education Grades, exams and qualificationsExercises General Introduction Respect for education State-administrated rather than nation-administrated 12 years of free public education School year School holid

2、ays School gradesback Education is like a big window opening. Americans are proud of the fact that the window of knowledge is never slammed shut for any of the nations citizen. All American children are offered 12 years of free public education & most good students can get financial help to continue

3、 their studies for many more years. Adults who wish to attend school also find many opportunities. Respect for education At the state level, there is the state board of education教育委員會(huì) which is responsible for establishing policies. At the district level, each local school district has a governing bo

4、ard管理委員會(huì) which is responsible for the hiring of professional and support staff, determining curriculum, etc.Administration School year1. two-semester system2. three-semester systemfallspring9121-5 fallspringSummer9121-5 6-8Thanksgiving Day 5-7 daysWinter holiday 3 weeks to one monthSpring holiday in

5、 March 5-7 daysSummer holiday 3 monthsSchool Grades Level/GradeTypical Age (at the end of the school year)PreschoolVarious optional programs, such as Head Start Under 6Pre-kindergarten4-5Elementary SchoolKindergarten5-61st Grade6-72nd Grade7-83rd Grade8-94th Grade9-105th Grade10-116th Grade11-127th

6、Grade12-138th Grade13-149th Grade (Freshman)14-1510th Grade (Sophomore)15-1611th Grade (Junior)16-1712th Grade (Senior)17-18II. Four Levels of Education Preschool Education Elementary Education Secondary Education 3. Post-secondary Education (Higher Education)1. Preschool Education No mandatory (強(qiáng)制的

7、，必須的)pre-kindergarten program Families responsible for preschool or childcare Daycare Center-from infancy to 3/4 year-old preschool education- 3/4 -5 year-old Kindergarten- from 5-year-old (beginning of compulsory education)2. Elementary and Secondary Education . Generally, (from September to June)

8、is required to complete each grade. Academic work-learning to read, write & do arithmetic-begins when the child enters first grade, at about age 6.Elementary School or Grammar SchoolGrades 1-8High SchoolGrades 9-12Elementary SchoolGrades 1-6Junior High SchoolGrades 7-9Senior High SchoolGrades 10-12L

9、OGOLOGO3. Higher EducationvThe US is world leader in education. In 1825, England had only two universities: Oxford and Cambridge, while the US had over fifty universities.vBy now, there are over 2,000 universities and colleges throughout the United States.vThe system of higher education in the US ha

10、s 3 principal functions: teaching, research and public service. LOGOvDoctoral-level institutionsvMasters comprehensive colleges and universitiesvSpecialized institutions/Training technical schoolsvTwo-year institutions/community colleges （兩年制的社區(qū)大學(xué)（兩年制的社區(qū)大學(xué))3.1 Classifications of higher educationLOGO

11、Collegesv four-year undergraduate institutionsv may be publicly or privately funded, or funded by a religious group文學(xué)學(xué)士文學(xué)學(xué)士BA degree(Bachelor of Arts) 理科學(xué)士理科學(xué)士BS degree (Bachelor of Sciences) 工科學(xué)士工科學(xué)士BEdegree (Bachelor of Engineering)碩士學(xué)位碩士學(xué)位 Masters Degree(MA/MS/ME)博士學(xué)位博士學(xué)位 Doctors Degree(Ph.D=Doct

12、or of Philosophy)LOGOTechnical Training Schoolsv Ranging from 6 months to 4 yearsv offering a wide variety of technical skills, like hair styling, business accounting and computer programming etc. v may be publicly or privately funded, or may be funded by religious group and charity organizationsLOG

13、OCommunity Collegesvranging from 6 months to 2 or more years.vnearly always publicly fundedvoffer training for a variety of jobsv has academic programsvReceive an associate degree(準(zhǔn)學(xué)士學(xué)位準(zhǔn)學(xué)士學(xué)位) after completing a two-year programLOGO3.2 How to Select a College/Universityv Five categories of higher edu

14、cationv Curriculumv Public or Privatethree sources of income: Student tuition, endowments (捐助，資助), and government funding. v Big or smallLOGO3.3 Success of Applications for a College Education v students high school recordsv recommendations from their school teachersv the impression they make during

15、 interviews at the universityv their scores on the Scholastic Assessment Tests (SATs)LOGOSuccessful applicants at colleges and universities are chosen on the basis of:a. their high school records;.b. recommendations from their high school teachers;c. the impression they make during interviews at the

16、 university;d. Their scores on the SATs or ACT.SATs學(xué)術(shù)能力評(píng)估測(cè)試學(xué)術(shù)能力評(píng)估測(cè)試是美國(guó)高中生的所謂“高考高考”，但能否讀四年制大學(xué)并不取決于一個(gè)SAT分?jǐn)?shù)。SAT由美國(guó)的College Board舉辦，在美國(guó)領(lǐng)土上每年舉辦7次，其它地方每年6次?？荚囉糜⒄Z(yǔ)。SAT成績(jī)是世界各國(guó)高中生申請(qǐng)美國(guó)名校學(xué)習(xí)及獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的重要參考。Higher educationGRE： Graduate Record Examination 美國(guó)研究生入學(xué)考試LOGO4. College Entrance ExaminationsSAT: Scholastic Ass

17、essment Test 學(xué)習(xí)能力評(píng)估考試學(xué)習(xí)能力評(píng)估考試 (Mathematics & English Reading &English Writing)ACT: American College Test 美國(guó)大學(xué)考試美國(guó)大學(xué)考試Grades & Degrees College grades, from highest to lowest, run ABCDF. An F is a failing grade. American universities offer 3 main categories of graduate degrees. Bachelors degree 學(xué)士學(xué)位學(xué)士

18、學(xué)位Masters degree 碩士學(xué)位碩士學(xué)位A Ph. D degree 博士學(xué)位博士學(xué)位LOGOBachelors DegreeMasters DegreeDoctors Degreea gown/robe with a separate hood, and usually a cap (generally either a square academic cap, a tam寬頂無(wú)沿圓帽寬頂無(wú)沿圓帽, or a bonnet)LOGOThe Ivy LeaguevEight private institutions of higher education in the Northea

19、stern US. vThe term also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a reputation for social elitism精英主義精英主義.LOGOThe Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising 8 private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also c

20、ommonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group. The eight institutions are： Brown UniversityColumbia UniversityCornell UniversityDartmouth CollegeHarvard UniversityPrinceton UniversityThe University of PennsylvaniaYale University. LOGOLOGO?HarvardBrownYaleColumbiaPrincetonPennDartmouthCorne

21、llLOGOThe term Ivy League also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism. Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious universities worldwide.Seven of the eight schools were founded during the United States colonial pe

22、riod; except Cornell, which was founded in 1865. All eight schools receive millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies from federal and state government. Ivy League university financial endowments range from Browns $2.2 billion to Harvards $27.4 billion, the largest financial endowmen

23、t of any academic institution in the world.長(zhǎng)春藤聯(lián)盟長(zhǎng)春藤聯(lián)盟 常青藤聯(lián)合會(huì)常青藤聯(lián)合會(huì) LOGO美國(guó)常春藤名校走出過(guò)多少美國(guó)總統(tǒng)？美國(guó)常春藤名校走出過(guò)多少美國(guó)總統(tǒng)？ 哈佛大學(xué)：哈佛大學(xué)：約翰約翰-亞當(dāng)斯、約翰亞當(dāng)斯、約翰-昆西昆西-亞當(dāng)斯、西奧多亞當(dāng)斯、西奧多-羅斯福、羅斯福、富蘭克林富蘭克林-羅斯福羅斯福, 約翰約翰-肯尼迪肯尼迪,奧巴馬奧巴馬(法學(xué)博士學(xué)位法學(xué)博士學(xué)位)哥倫比亞大學(xué)：哥倫比亞大學(xué)：西奧多西奧多-羅斯福羅斯福, 弗蘭克林弗蘭克林-D-羅斯福，奧巴馬。羅斯福，奧巴馬。 耶魯大學(xué)：耶魯大學(xué)：威廉威廉塔夫脫、杰拉爾德塔夫脫、杰拉爾德福特

24、，布什、比爾福特，布什、比爾-克林頓克林頓, 喬治喬治W布什。布什。LOGOAssignmentvWork as groups to make an introduction about one of the Ivy League Universities.Brown UniversityColumbia UniversityCornell UniversityDartmouth CollegeHarvard UniversityPrinceton UniversityThe University of PennsylvaniaYale University. Harvard Universi

25、ty Cambridge, Massachusetts. A member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1636. The oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. 7 presidents, 40 Nobel Prize winners No.1, (2010)Harvard Seal/index.phpYale University New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701,Yale is the th

26、ird oldest institution. A member of the Ivy League. 5 presidents No.3 (2010)/Harvard &Yale Like Oxford and Cambridge in England. A remarkable number of the men who hold prominent positions were educated at one of these two. For example: 43rd President George W. Bush and his father

27、41st President George H. Bush both graduated from Yale; President Barack Obama and his wife both graduated from Harvard Law School.Princeton UniversityLocated in Princeton, New Jerseyone of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution IVY League 1.Brown University 布朗大學(xué)布朗大學(xué)(1754)2.Columbia University 哥倫比亞大學(xué)哥倫比亞大學(xué)(1754)因?yàn)樽湓诩~約市，意義自然大不因?yàn)樽湓诩~約市，意義自然大不一樣，不過(guò)似乎學(xué)校地方太小。一樣，不過(guò)似乎學(xué)校地方太小。 3.Cornell University 康耐爾大學(xué)康耐爾大學(xué)(1865)“老牌勁旅”。大家是不是因?yàn)槔畹禽x才知道康耐爾大學(xué)的？ 4.Dartmouth