高一英語上Module4學(xué)案

1、Module 4 Fine Arts- Western, Chinese and Pop ArtsI. Word Study1. paint vt. vi. to put paint on a surface; to make a picture, design etc. using paint粉刷；刷漆；（用顏料）繪畫 e.g.We painted our house white. 我們把房子粉刷成白色。I wear old trousers when Im painting. 當(dāng)刷漆時我穿舊褲子。Do you know who painted this picture? 你知道是誰畫的這幅

2、畫嗎？構(gòu)詞解析：paint vt. vi. 粉刷；刷漆；（用顏料）繪畫 n. c u 油漆；繪畫顏料 painter畫家；油漆工painting n. u 繪畫，畫法 c 畫，油畫，水彩畫PracticePut the following sentence into English.1.他以畫風(fēng)景畫而著稱。_.2. 她當(dāng)時正在油漆一把木椅子。_.Key for reference1. He is famous for painting landscapes.2. She was painting a wooden chair.2. alive adj. still living and not

3、 dead; active and happy; continue to exist；be full of；be aware of活著的；有活力的；現(xiàn)存的；充滿的（常與with連用）；注意到的（與to連用）; catch sb/sth. alive活捉e.g. Many people think he is the greatest artist alive today.許多人認(rèn)為他是現(xiàn)今在世的最偉大的藝術(shù)家。It was a really bad accident-theyre lucky to be alive. 那真是一場很嚴(yán)重的事故-他們能活下來很幸運。My grandmother i

4、s still very much alive, more alive than many young people.我祖母仍然很有活力，比許多年輕人更活躍。The party really came alive when the famous singer appeared on the stage.1 / 49當(dāng)那個著名的歌唱家出現(xiàn)在舞臺上的時候，晚會氣氛活躍起來。Ancient traditions are still very much alive in some parts of the country.在這個國家的一些地方，一些古老的習(xí)俗仍然保留著。Xian is a city a

5、live with tourists.西安是一個游客不斷的城市。The company is alive to the threat of foreign imports.公司注意到了外國進口商品的威脅。PracticeTranslate the following sentences into English1. 很多人認(rèn)為他已死于那場交通事故，但事實上他依然活著。 _2. 公園里到處都是老人和小孩。 _3. 他沒有意識到那項工作的危險。 _4. 你今天看起來很活躍。 _Key for reference1. Many people thought he died in the road a

6、ccident. But in fact he is still alive.2. The park was alive with old people and children.3. He wasnt alive to the danger of the job.4. You seem very much alive today.3. observe vt. vi. to see and notice; to act in accordance with; to make a remark 觀察；注意到; 慶祝；遵守；陳述（意見）e.g.He observes keenly, but say

7、s little. 他觀察敏銳，但是很少說話。 He observed his actions with interest. 他很感興趣地觀察他的行動。I observed that several students were asleep.我注意到幾個學(xué)生在睡覺。The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子緊跟著他。 The police observed the man entering / enter the bank. 警方監(jiān)視著那男子進入銀行的情況。 When driving, you must observe the s

8、peed limit.駕車時，一定要遵守速度限制規(guī)定 Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival.全世界的中國人都慶祝春節(jié)。“The book isnt worth reading,” he observed. “這本書不值的一讀，”他說。構(gòu)詞解析：observe vt. vi. 觀察；注意到; 慶祝；遵守；陳述（意見）observer n. 觀察者；遵守者；評論者 observant adj. 善于觀察的，機警的 observation n. 觀察，注意 observatory n. 天文臺；氣象臺；觀察臺PracticeCo

9、rrect the following sentences.1. I observed several girls to practice singing and dancing there.2. The boy was observed send short-text messages by mobile phone.Key for reference1. 將to去掉，observe作感官動詞時，其后接不帶to的不定式作賓補。2. 在send前加to，在observe的被動語態(tài)中，作主補的不定式要帶to。4. adopt vt. take over and have or use sth.

10、as ones own, accept ; take sb. onto ones family, esp. as ones child; choose 采納；采用；過繼e.g.They adopted my suggestion.他們采納了我的建議。The poor child was adopted by the couple. 那個可忴的小孩被那對夫婦收養(yǎng)了。PracticePut the following sentence into English.1. 我們學(xué)校采納了一種新的教學(xué)法。 _.2. 保爾不是他們的親兒子。他是被收養(yǎng)的。 _.Key for reference1. Our

11、school has adopted a new teaching method.2. Paul isnt their real son. He is adopted.5. aim (1) vi. vi. to choose the place, person etc. that you want to hit and carefully point your gun, etc. towards them.; to try to achieve something以為目標(biāo)；打算；意欲 aim sth at sth 用某物瞄準(zhǔn)某物I aimed at the door but hit the w

12、indow. 我瞄準(zhǔn)門卻打中了窗戶。The program is aimed at young teenagers. 這個節(jié)目是面向青少年的。I aim to be a top student in our class.我立志要在班里做一個優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。He aimed the gun at the dog.他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)狗。(2). n. c 目的，目標(biāo) u. 瞄準(zhǔn)Whats your aim in working so hard? 你如此努力地工作，目的是什么？The main aim of the course is to improve students communication skil

13、ls.這個課程的主要目的是提高同學(xué)們的交流技巧。He took careful aim at the target.他小心地瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)。構(gòu)詞解析：aim vt. vi. 以為目標(biāo)；打算；意欲n. c 目的，目標(biāo) u. 瞄準(zhǔn) aimless adj.無目標(biāo)的 aimlessly adv. 無目標(biāo)地 aimlessness n. u 無目的PracticeMultiple choice1. He aimed the ball _ the goal, but missed.A. at B. in C. to D. upon2. My son aims _ a doctor.A. being B. ha

14、ving been C. to be D. to have been Key for reference1 A. aim 作“瞄準(zhǔn)”講時，無論是動詞還是名詞，都與at搭配；作名詞“目標(biāo)”解時通常與of, in搭配，如：the aim of the book這本書的目的；his aim in life他的人生目標(biāo)。2. C6 realize vt. to know and understand the importance of something; to achieve something that you were hoping to achieve認(rèn)識到；了解；實現(xiàn)e.g.He didnt

15、 realize his mistake until the next day. 直到第二天，他才認(rèn)識到自己的誤。He realized that he was going to lose his best friend for ever.他意識到就要永遠(yuǎn)失去最好的朋友了。We didnt realize how important it was at that time.我們那時沒有意識到它是多么的重要。She has finally realized her dream of becoming an actress.她最終實現(xiàn)了當(dāng)演員的夢想。構(gòu)詞解析：realize vt. 認(rèn)識到；了解；

16、實現(xiàn) realizable adj.可實現(xiàn)的，可換成現(xiàn)款的 realization n. u 領(lǐng)悟，認(rèn)知，理解Key for referenceMultiple choice1. Only when class began _ that he had left his book at home.A. will he realize B. did he realizeC. he did realize D. should he realize2. He _ his wildest wish when he was 60 years old.A. realized B. had realized

17、C. was realized D. had been realizedKey for reference:1. B 本句意為“直到上課時，他才意識到他把書留在家里了”。 “only +狀語”置于句首時， 主句要部分倒裝，即將助動詞置于主語前。2. A7. destroy vt. to damage something so badly that it cannot be repaired or so that it no longer exists.破壞；毀壞；粉碎e.g.The fire destroyed most of the building.大火毀掉了這座建筑的大部分。Their

18、traditional way of life has been destroyed.他們的傳統(tǒng)生活方式被完全破壞了。All hopes of peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.所有和平解決的希望都被他的演說粉碎了。構(gòu)詞解析：destroy vt. .破壞；毀壞；粉碎 destroyer n. c 破壞者，驅(qū)逐艦 destruction n. u 破壞；毀滅 destructive adj.破壞的；毀滅性的Practice:Put the following sentences into English.1. 吸毒毀掉了那個藝術(shù)家

19、。_.2. 我剛才畫的水彩畫被我的小狗毀掉了。_.Key for reference1. Taking drugs destroyed the artist.2. The watercolor I painted just now was destroyed by my dog.II. BackgroundThe Subjects of Traditional Chinese PaintingsThe most popular subjects of traditional Chinese paintings have been landscapes, human figures, anima

20、ls, fishes, birds and flowers-the last two being frequently combined as “flower and bird painting”. Figure painting, which reached maturity during the Warring States period, flourished against a Confucian background, illustrating moralistic themes. From the Han Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty

21、, the human figure occupied the dominant position in Chinese painting, as it did in pre-modern European art.Landscape painting is called shanshui hua in Chinese. Shanshui means mountains and rivers, which stand for nature. Landscape painting is thus called because mountain and water occupy the most

22、important place in a piece of landscape painting, while non-essential elements of landscape and people are either omitted or painted as embellishment. Nature is predominant, and human beings are only part of it. This concept of mans relationship with nature was especially executed in the paintings o

23、f the Song Dynasty, which greatly influenced later landscape painters up to the present. Language study1. This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.= This is a painting painted by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso,

24、who is thought to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.這是西班牙畫家巴勃羅畢加索的一幅油畫， 他被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)西方最偉大的畫家。consider(1). vt. vi. to think about something仔細(xì)考慮，思考 其后接動詞時，需用動詞的ing形式。e.g.Many students in our school are considering studying abroad.我們學(xué)校的很多學(xué)生都在考慮出國留學(xué)。We considered where to get enough w

25、ater.我們考慮到哪兒去弄足夠的水。Consider carefully before you decide.要慎重考慮后再做決定。(2). vt. to think of someone or something in a particular way；remember to think of把看作；認(rèn)為；考慮到，顧及e.g.I always consider you (to be/ as ) my best friend.我一直把你看作我最好的朋友。He considered Founder laptops (to be) very good.他認(rèn)為方正手提電腦很好。Considerin

26、g the strength of their team, we did very well to score two goals.考慮到他們隊的實力，我們進兩球已很不錯了。If you consider that he has only been studying English for six months, she speaks it very well.考慮到她才學(xué)英語六個月，她說得相當(dāng)好了。構(gòu)詞解析：consider vt. vi.考慮,思考,認(rèn)為considerable adj.相當(dāng)?shù)?可觀的,重要的considerably adv.非常地,很, considerate adj.體

27、貼的,體諒的,顧慮周到的considerately adv.體貼地consideration n.c u 考慮,體諒considered adj.考慮過的,受尊重的considering prep. 考慮到,就而論Practice1. Mr. Zhang is considered _ an excellent teacher in our school. Which of the following is wrong?A. to be B. asC. 不填D. for2. Tom said he was considering _ his job.A. to changeB. changin

28、g C. of changing D. being changedKey for reference1. D 2. B consider表示“考慮，思考”時，后面的動詞需用ing形式。2. He is most famous for his lively paintings of horses.= He is most famous for the horses he painted, which look alive.他以擅畫生機勃勃的馬而著稱(1) “most+形容詞或副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)前不加定冠詞the時，表示“非?！?。e.g.The lady is most experienced in de

29、aling with children.那位女士在照顧小孩方面很有經(jīng)驗。This is really a most interesting story. 這真是一個非常有趣的故事。(2). lively adj. full of quick and often cheerful movement, thought, activity, etc. vivid; bright; exciting 活潑的；生動的；栩栩如生；強烈的e.g.Shes a lively child and popular with everyone.她是個活潑的孩子，大家都喜歡她。Our teacher gave us

30、a lively description of the event.老師把那個事件給我們做了生動的描述。The subject produced a lively discussion in our class.那個主題在我們班里引發(fā)了熱烈的討論。構(gòu)詞解析：live adj.活的,生動的,精力充沛的,實況轉(zhuǎn)播的livelihood n. c. u生計；營生；生活 liveliness n. u 活潑；快活；熱鬧 lively adj.活潑的；生動的；栩栩如生；強烈的 livelily adv.生氣勃勃地；活潑地；快活地PracticePut the following sentences in

31、to Chinese.1. I received a most unusual gift from my uncle. _。2. The professor gave us a most interesting talk on Japan. _。3. He has a lively mind. _。4. He can draw a lively cat in five minutes. _。Key for reference1. 我從我叔叔那兒收到了一份非常特殊的禮物。2. 教授給我們做了一場有關(guān)日本的非常有趣的報告。3. 他的思想很活躍。4. 他能在五分鐘之內(nèi)畫出一只栩栩如生的貓。3. al

32、though I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time.= although I sometimes lose interest in looking at pictures because I have to do that always. 雖然總是看圖（有時）可能會使我厭煩。be/ get/feel/ tired of.: be bored with.對感到厭倦，厭煩； be/get/feel tired from.因而感到疲勞e.g.Im tired of watching television; lets go out fo

33、r a walk.我看膩電視了，讓我們出去散步吧。Im very tired from walking such a long way.走了這么長的路后我感到很疲勞。PracticePut the following sentences into English.1. 我討厭聽他的演講。_。2. 他因長時間上網(wǎng)而感到疲勞。_。Key for reference1. Im tired of listening to his speech.2. He felt tired from surfing the Internet for a long time.4. But I cant stand t

34、hat picture of a golden-haired girl. = But I dont like that picture of a golden-haired girl at all.但是我受不了那幅金發(fā)女孩兒的畫。stand (stood, stood) vt. accept, bear; to be done or made well enough 接受，忍受；經(jīng)得起（考查，時間的考驗等）多用于疑問句或否定句中e.g.He cant stand this hot weather. 他無法忍受這種熱天氣。That teacher cant stand to see/seeing

35、 his students smoking. 那位老師無法忍受看到他的學(xué)生抽煙。How can you stand such rude behavior?你怎么能容忍如此精魯?shù)男袨椋縃is work can hardly stand close examination.他的工作經(jīng)不起仔細(xì)檢查。PracticePut the following sentence into Chinese.1. He cant stand the life without the Internet. _。2. I think the Prime Ministers decision will stand the

36、test of time. _。Key for reference1. 他不能忍受沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生活。2. 我想首相的決定/決斷力經(jīng)得起時間的考驗。5. My parents are fond of going to art galleries and often take me with them, so Ive developed an interest in art.= My parents love going to art galleries and often take me with them so Ive come to have an interest in art.我父母喜歡去

37、美術(shù)館，他們常常帶我一起去，我由此對藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生了興趣。(1). be fond of like something very much 對產(chǎn)生興趣e.g.Though she has many faults, we are all very fond of her.雖然她有很多缺點，我們都很喜歡她。The child is fond of playing the piano. 那個小孩很喜歡彈鋼琴。(2). developed an interest in.: come to have an interest in. She has developed an interest in collec

38、ting stamps. 她對集郵產(chǎn)生了興趣。PracticeMultiple choice1. He is fond of _ to music while he is doing his homework.A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. listened2. Jim developed an interest _ the performing arts and performed at some theatres.A. on B. for C. in D. withKey for reference1. B 2. C IV. Grammar E

39、xploration語法：本單元的語法項目為不定式和動詞的ing形式。不定式和動詞的-ing形式都屬于非謂語動詞，都可以在句中作主語，表語，賓語，定語，賓補和狀語。本單元將主要討論一下它們在使用中的異同。1.作主語時(1)表示一般情況時，兩者皆可。 e.g. To learn English well is not easy. = Learning English well is not easy.學(xué)好英語不容易。(2). 表示具體的，特定情況下的或有待于完成的動作時，通常用動詞不定式。 e.g. To finish reading such a long novel will take me

40、 several days. 讀完這么長的小說要花去我好幾天時間。(3) 當(dāng)it 作形式主語，動詞不定式和動名詞通常可以互換。但當(dāng)表語是necessary, important等形容詞時，后面只接不定式，而當(dāng)表語是no use, no good, a waste of time等詞時，則用動詞的-ing形式。 e.g. Its bad manners to spit in public. = Its bad manners spitting in public.在公共場合吐痰是不禮貌的。Its quite impossible for us to finish the work in time

41、 with so little money.我們用這么少的錢及時完成工作是不可能的。Its no use asking him for help. 向他尋求幫助是沒有用的。(4) There is no 結(jié)構(gòu)后只接動詞的-ing形式。 e.g. There is no knowing whether he is alive or dead. 不知他是死是活。2. 作表語時(1) 表示一般情況時，兩者可以通用。 e.g.His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses.他的工作是粉刷房子。(2). 表示具體的，特定情況下的或是未

42、來的動作，通常用動詞不定式。e.g.Our homework today is to finish the exercises 1 and 2 on page 25.我們今天的家庭作業(yè)就是完成25而的練習(xí)1和2。(3) 主語與表語形式通常保持一致。 e.g.To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.Doing this is cutting the foot to fit the shoe.這樣做無異于削足適履。3. 作賓語時(1) 有些動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的此類動詞(短語)有： ask, agree, beg, decide, de

43、termine, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, set out, want, wish, expect, demand e.g. I want to ask him a question. 我想問他一個問題。 She decided to help her sister. 她決定幫她的妹妹。 As a student, he cant afford to buy a car now. 作為一個學(xué)生，他現(xiàn)在買不起轎車。(2) 有些動詞后只能用動名詞作賓語，常見的此類動詞（短語）

44、有： admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, cant help, consider, delay, deny, endure, enjoy, excuse, escape, face, fancy, finish, forgive, give up，imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practice, put off, risk, resist, suggest, understand等。 e.g. Thedoctoradvisedtakingmoreexercise. 醫(yī)生建

45、議多鍛煉。 Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway. 我建議用不同的方法做。 尤其要注意一些含有介詞to的動詞短語，不要和不定式中的to混淆。此類短語主要有： be used to, come to, devote to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, refer to, stick to等。 e.g. I really must get down to considering it seriously. 我真地必須認(rèn)真考慮一下這件事了。 I am looking forward to s

46、eeing you again. 我期盼著再次見到你。(3) 有些動詞后既可跟動不定式也可跟動名詞，意義相差不大。常見的此類動詞(短語)有： cant stand, prefer, learn, continue等。 e.g. I cant stand seeing/to see good food going to waste. 我無法忍受看到好好的食物被浪費。 She continues to work/working after having a baby. 有了小孩后她繼續(xù)工作。(4) begin, start后跟不定式或動名詞皆可，通常可以互換，但在下列情況下，只用不定式。 star

47、t, start本身為進行時態(tài)。 e.g. The boy noticed that his father was beginning to get angry, so he ran away. 那個男孩注意到他的父親生氣，所以就跑開了 當(dāng)主語為非生物名詞或it時。 e.g. A strong wind started to blow. 一陣強風(fēng)開始刮起來。 begin, start后接表示心理活動的詞時，如understand, realize, know, see等。 e.g. He began to realize the importance of foreign languages.

48、 他開始意識到外語的重要性。(5) 在hate, like, love后，表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作，通常用動名詞；若表示特定，具體的或一次性的行為則用不定式。 e.g. I dont like bothering him when hes busy. 當(dāng)他忙得時候我不喜歡打擾他。 I usually like staying with him, but I even hate to see him that night. 我通常喜歡和他呆在一起，但是那天晚上我甚至不愿看到他。(6) 在remember, forget, try, go on, regret, mean, stop, want,

49、 need, require等動詞后既可接不定式，也可接動名詞，但含義不同。 remember to do 記著去做（尚未做的）某事；remember doing 記得做過某事 forgettodo忘記要去做某事；forgetdoing忘記曾做過某事 goontodo接著又做另一件事；goondoing繼續(xù)做同一件事 regrettodo遺憾將要做某事；regretdoing后悔做過的事 meantodo打算想要做某事；meandoing意味著 stoptodo停下來（正在做的事）去做另一件事；stopdoing停止正在做的事 trytodo努力做某事； trydoing嘗試做某事 want

50、to do 想要做某事；want doing需要（被） need/require to do 需要/要求做做某事；need/require doing需要（被）e.g. Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.離開時請記得關(guān)燈。Certainly I posted your letterI remember posting it.我當(dāng)然給你寄過信了-我記得寄過它。4. 作賓語補足語時(1)常見的用不定式作賓補的動詞。 allow, help, warn, ask, force, tell, expect, promise, wi

51、sh, want e.g. We expect him to win an Olympic gold medal. 我們期盼他贏一枚奧運金牌。(2) 不定式和動詞的-ing形式都可在感官動詞和使役動詞（feel, make, let, see, hear, watch, listen to, look at, notice, observe）后作賓補。不定式強調(diào)動作發(fā)生了，即結(jié)束了；而動詞的-ing形式則強調(diào)動作正在進行。 e.g. I saw a man walk into the garden and pick some flower. （動作已完成） 我看到一個男人進了花園，摘了一些花。

52、I saw a man walking into the garden.（正在進行）我看到一個男人正走進花園。 (3) 不定式在感官動詞和使役動詞后作賓補時，在主動語態(tài)中， to要省掉，而變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，即作主補時要加上to。 e.g. I saw him steal my money. 我看到他偷了我的錢。 He was seen to steal my money.他被看到偷了我的錢。5. 作狀語時(1) 不定式作狀語通常表示目的，結(jié)果，有時也放在形容詞，過去分詞后作狀語表示原因；動詞的-ing形式作狀語則通常表示時間，原因，條件或伴隨等。e.g.Ive taken some money o

53、ut of the bank to buy a laptop. 為了買電腦，我已從銀行里取了錢。（目的）He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there. (結(jié)果）他匆忙趕到學(xué)校卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒沒人。I am glad to hear that.聽到那件事我很高興。（原因）Seeing those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those memorable days. (時間)看到這些照片，他忍不住想起那些難忘的日子。Not knowing his address we couldnt get in touch with her.不知道他的地址，我