必修三第五單元語法同位語從句PPT課件

1、12語法精解語法精解( (一一) )1. 同位語同位語the appositive 同位語是句子成分的一種同位語是句子成分的一種, 它位于名它位于名詞、代詞后面詞、代詞后面, 說明它們的性質和情說明它們的性質和情況況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當。語或從句充當。3同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：(1) 名詞：名詞：tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代詞：代詞： i myself will do the experiment.(3) 數(shù)詞：數(shù)詞：she is the oldest a

2、mong them six.(4) 從句：從句：he told me the news that the plane had exploded. (5) 由由such as, that is引導引導 some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些學科某些學科,例如數(shù)學和物理例如數(shù)學和物理,是很難學的。是很難學的。42. 同位語從句同位語從句the appositive clause(1) 同位語從句的定義同位語從句的定義 在復合句中用作在復合句中用作同位語同位語的從句稱為的從句稱為同位語從句。同

3、位語從句是名詞性從句同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。語法精解語法精解( (二二) )5它一般放在它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名詞的后面等名詞的后面, 對前面的名詞作對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋進一步的解釋, 說明前面名詞的具體含義。說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導同位語從句的詞有引導同位語從句的詞有1.從屬連詞從屬連詞 that ，whether that只起

4、引導作用，不充當成分，不省略。只起引導作用，不充當成分，不省略。i have no idea that you were here.the news that we won the game is exciting. whether “是否是否”the question whether hell attend the meeting is important.62. 連接代詞連接代詞 who ，what等等i have no idea who he is.long long ago, people had no idea what the inside of the earth might l

5、ook like.3.連接副詞連接副詞 how when why等等he cant answer the question how he got the money.i have no idea when he will be back.i have no idea why she left.7注意注意1. 表示表示“是否是否”的概念時，要用的概念時，要用whether 而不而不是是if引導同位語從句。引導同位語從句。the question whether hell attend the meeting is important.2. 作主語的同位語從句，有時會被謂語動詞將作主語的同位語從句

6、，有時會被謂語動詞將其與名詞分開，這叫做其與名詞分開，這叫做間隔式同位語從句間隔式同位語從句。word came that i was wanted at home.家里傳來消息要我回去。家里傳來消息要我回去。the story goes that he often beats his wife.傳說他經常打老婆。傳說他經常打老婆。83. 若名詞是若名詞是advice ,suggestion, proposal建議；建議； demand，request 要求；要求；order ；recommendation 勸告等，后面的同位語從句勸告等，后面的同位語從句 （should）+do the or

7、der soon came that all the people (should) obey the rule.4.有時可用有時可用 namely (即即), that is to say (也就是說也就是說), in other words (換句話說換句話說), that is (那就是那就是), for example 等引出同位語等引出同位語, 說明其前面的名詞或代說明其前面的名詞或代詞。有時同位語直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面詞。有時同位語直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面 eg.there is only one way of improving your english , that is ,

8、 to practice more.91.the news that our team has won the game was true. 2.the news （that） he told meyesterday was true. 同位語從句與定語從句在使用中常?；煜徽Z從句與定語從句在使用中常?；煜?我們可我們可以從以下幾個方面區(qū)別它們以從以下幾個方面區(qū)別它們: 同位語從句同位語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞; 定語從句定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象的也所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象的也有不抽象的。有不抽象的。 同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從

9、句區(qū)別10we express the hope that they will come to visit china again.(同位語從句同位語從句)those who want to go please sign their names here.(定語從句定語從句)同位語從句同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關系；所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關系； 定語從句定語從句所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語 賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。11the news that they won the match is true.(同位語從句同位語從句

10、, news和從句沒有邏輯關系和從句沒有邏輯關系)the news that you told us yesterday is true.(定語從句定語從句, news是是told的邏輯賓語的邏輯賓語)the order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位語從句同位語從句, order和從句沒有邏輯關系和從句沒有邏輯關系)the day when new china was founded will never be forgotten.(定語從句定語從句, day是是founded 的邏輯狀語的邏輯狀語)12 同位語從句同位語從句主要由連接

11、詞主要由連接詞that引導引導,有時也有時也可用可用when, where, who, whether等引導等引導; 定語從句定語從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。 then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. do you know the place where he was born?13 引導同位語從句的連詞不可省略引導同位語從句的連詞不可省略; 引導定語從句的關系代詞作賓語時?？墒÷浴Ｒ龑ФㄕZ從句的關系代詞作賓語時?？墒÷?。 the news that he has

12、been elected monitor of our class is true. the news (that) he told me is exciting. 同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個完整句子同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個完整句子, 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用be的不同形式。的不同形式。 he heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€表語從句此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€表語從句: the news was that their team had won.14 名詞性從句的注意幾點名詞性從句的注意幾點1.that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，

13、只起連在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用接作用2. what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。 whether與與if的辨用的辨用 1.在由形式主語在由形式主語it引導的主語從句及在引導的主語從句及在vt后面的賓后面的賓語從句中，表語從句中，表“是否是否”，whether/if 都可以用；都可以用；2.在前置主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和跟在前置主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和跟在介詞后面的賓語從句中，表在介詞后面的賓語從句中，表“是否是否”， 只能只能用用whether；3

14、.在在whether or not 和和whether to do 中中whether 不能換成不能換成if15whether與與if的辨用的辨用 1.whether it is true remains a problem. 2.it remains a problem whether/if it is true. 3. he asked whether/if mary would attend the ceremony. 4.it depends on whether we have got enough money. 165.the question is whether you sho

15、uld accept it. 6.the question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 7.i didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 8.i dont know whether it is right or not.171.填入適當?shù)倪B接詞，并判斷是定語從句填入適當?shù)倪B接詞，并判斷是定語從句還是同位語從句：還是同位語從句： 1) the fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all. 2) we were surprised by the fact

16、_ she told us. 3) the next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.that同同that/which定定that定定測試性評價測試性評價184) word came _ our army had won the battle.5) the president has given an order everyone in the country should prepare for a war_ might last for several years.6) weve just heard a warning on the radi

17、o _ a hurricane is likely to come.that同同that同同that同同197) there is no doubt _ he has told a lie.8) you have no idea _ anxious i was!9) the coat is in the place _ you left it.10) then arose the question about _ we were to get the machines needed.where定定where定定that同同how同同20同位語從句練習同位語從句練習（09浙江）浙江）1.is t

18、here any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? no problem.a.whenb. that c. whetherd. what21 2.we should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. a. that b. when c. which d. where22 3. his success was because of _ he had been working hard.

19、 a. that b. the fact which c. the fact that d. the fact23 4. i have no idea _ or not he has finished the work. a. if b. that c. whether d. which24 5.one of the men held the view _ the book said was right. a. what that b. that what c. that which d. which that25 6. the problem will appear _a different

20、 welfare system will be created. a unless b whether c until d if26 7. there is no obvious evidence _there is life on any other planet in the solar system. a which b that c how d where27 8. information has been put forward _more middle schools graduates will be admitted into universities. a what b th

21、at c which d as 28 9. news came from the school office_ wang lin had been admitted to beijing universities. a which b what c that d where29 10. modern science has given clear evidence_ smoking can lead to many diseases. a what b which c that d where301. we dont think you two have met before. 我們想你們兩位

22、以前沒有見過面。我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。 (賓語從句賓語從句)翻譯句子翻譯句子, ,并說明這個名詞性從句的作用。并說明這個名詞性從句的作用。312. it is certain that john will do well in his exam. 約翰肯定會考好。約翰肯定會考好。 (主語從句主語從句)3. whether they are coming or not dont matter too much. 他們來不來無關緊要。他們來不來無關緊要。 (主語從句主語從句)324. now is when we need him most. 現(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時候?，F(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的

23、時候。 (表語從句表語從句)5. i have no idea how she got through the forest. 我不知道她是如何穿過那個森林的。我不知道她是如何穿過那個森林的。 (同位語從句同位語從句)336. the fact that they won the prize made us happy. 他們獲獎的事實令我們高興。他們獲獎的事實令我們高興。 (同位語從句同位語從句)34用適當?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空。用適當?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空。7. i cant decide _ book i should buy.8. china is no longer _ it u

24、sed to be.9. i am very interested in _ he improved his english in such a short time.10. _ we need is more money.which what how what3511. the truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us.12. _ and _ we will meet has not been decided yet.thatwhenwhere36用名詞性從句完成下列句子。用名詞性從句完成下列句子。13. the news _

25、 _ (她通過了高考她通過了高考) is exciting.14. mike made a promise _ _ (他將幫助我學習英語他將幫助我學習英語)that she has passed the national college entrance examination that he would help me with my english.3725. one of them held the view _ the book said was right. a. what that b. that what c. that d. whether單項選擇單項選擇3826. the r

26、eason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed. a, why ; why b. why; because c. why ; that d. that ; because27. they received orders _ the work be done right away. a. which b. that c. / d. when3928. i have no idea _. a. how to do b. when shall we start out for the trip c. what has happened to my

27、 wife d. how much have they earned4029. i think _ certain that she will do well in her exam. a. that b. this is c. it d. whats30. the film brought the hours back to me _ i was taken good care of in that far-away village. a. until b. that c. when d .where4131. hes got himself into a dangerous situati

28、on _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. a. where b. which c. what d. why32. thats the only thing _ he can do now a. which b. all c. that d. what4233. information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. a. while b. that c. when d. as34. along

29、 with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming christmas. a. which b. that c. what d. whether4335. there is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. a. that; to be improved b. which; to be improved c. where; improving d. when; improving4436

30、. along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming christmas. ( 2004春季上海春季上海 ) a. which b. that c. what d. whether 答案答案b。這是一個同位語從句。這是一個同位語從句, 解釋解釋promise的具體內容的具體內容, 要用要用that引導。引導。高考題高考題4537. some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for aids will be found. (05廣東卷廣東卷) a. which b. that c. what d. whether 38. danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. （05浙江卷）浙江卷） awho bthat cas dwhich 4639. doris success lies