高一英語Earthquakes(詞匯與寫作訓(xùn)練)

1、第八講Earthquakes（詞匯與寫作訓(xùn)練）適用學(xué)科高中英語適用年級高中一年級適用區(qū)域人教新課標(biāo)版課時時長（分鐘）90知識點(diǎn)1.動詞辨析；2.動詞詞組辨析；3.以burst為中心的詞組；4.意義一致；5.應(yīng)用文寫作。教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)詞組與單詞的用法；2. 能夠把本單元所學(xué)的單詞，短語，句子運(yùn)用到作文當(dāng)中。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)詞匯及常用短語的用法教學(xué)難點(diǎn)1. 能夠靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)。 2. 掌握常用的與地震有關(guān)的單詞，短語，句式。復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來主要用于表示按照計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作或事件，常表示最近或較近的將來，有“意圖”、“安排”或“打算”，給人期待感，多是轉(zhuǎn)移動詞，如：

2、come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。2. 進(jìn)行時表將來還可以用于一些非位移動詞，如do, buy, meeting, having, play, spend等，此時句中一般要有表示將來的時間狀語。3. 表示說話的時刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時有時可表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩，通常與 always， forever， constantly等副詞連用。5. 一般將來時的幾種表達(dá)：（1）will/ shall do表示單純的將來，預(yù)見未來要發(fā)生的事情。（2）be going to指現(xiàn)在的打算、意圖，表示最近的計劃和安排。（3）be doi

3、ng與表示將來的時間連用，表示不久的將來預(yù)計要發(fā)生的事或動作。（4）be to do 表示按預(yù)定計劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情；be to do還可以表示“注定”(常用于過去時描述過去的事實(shí))、“可能性”、“義務(wù)”等。（5）一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。（6）be about to do 剛要，正要，表示非常近的將來1 / 21知識講解知識點(diǎn)1Imagine your home began to shake and you must leave it right away. 想像一下你家開始晃動而且你必須馬上離開。例句體會I want it typed right away, please. 請立刻把它打印出來

4、。You must go to work right away. 你必須馬上去上班。自我探究right away 意思為_歸納拓展表示“立刻，馬上”的短語還有：right away; without delay; right now; immediately; at once 等，它們都是副詞性質(zhì)。immediately還可以作連詞，意思為： 一.(就.)，相當(dāng)于as soon as / the moment 。如：Return immediately you are done.事情一做完就回來。知識點(diǎn)2In the city，the water pipes in some buildings

5、 cracked and burst.在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物的水管爆裂開來。例句體會We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.我們都認(rèn)為他心中的快樂快要爆發(fā)出來了。He couldnt help bursting into tears when he heard the bad news.當(dāng)他聽到這個壞消息時情不自禁淚流滿面。自我探究burst vt.& vi._歸納拓展burst into tears/ laughter=burst out crying/laughing 突然哭起來/笑起來burst in/into闖入，突然

6、破門而入burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲絕/樂不可支知識點(diǎn)3It seemed as if the world was at an end. 好像世界末日要到了。例句體會It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起來好像要下雨。She looks as if she were ten years younger.她看起來好像年輕了十歲。自我探究as if = as though 好像，似乎如果as if 從句表示的事情可能是真實(shí)的，通常使用陳述語氣；如果as if 從句表示的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反或是一種假想，通常使用虛擬語氣。歸納拓

7、展1. as if 在look, seem等系動詞后引導(dǎo)表語從句。2. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。如：The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.那孩子跟我們談起話來像個成年人似的。3. as if 用于省略句中：如果as if 引導(dǎo)的從句是"主語+系動詞"結(jié)構(gòu),可省略主語和系動詞,這樣as if 后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語或分詞。例如：He acts as if (he was / were) a fool.他做事像個傻子。Tom raised his hand as if (he was /were go

8、ing) to say something.湯姆舉起手好像要說什么。4. as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時,從句用虛擬語氣，例如：He talks as if he knew where she was.他說話的樣子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned into a stone.那女孩傾聽著,像已經(jīng)變成了石頭似的。使用虛擬語氣時，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主句+as if (though)+主語+ were/過去時表示與主句動作同時發(fā)生主句+as if (though)

9、+主語+ could/would +原形表示動作可能在將來發(fā)生主句+as if (though)+主語+ had+過去分詞表示從句謂語的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前知識點(diǎn)4It seemed as if the world was at an end. 好像世界末日要到了。例句體會Everything between them was at an end. 他們之間的一切都已結(jié)束。I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. 我必須警告你，我已忍無可忍了。自我探究be at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)。歸納拓展at the end of表示

10、"在的盡頭"、"在的末稍” by the end of表示"到末為止"、"在結(jié)束時",后面接指時間或事的名詞,構(gòu)成介詞短語,作時間狀語。in the end表示"最后"、"終于",是介詞短語,作狀語end in表示"結(jié)果是"、"以結(jié)尾"end up with表示"以結(jié)束"、"與斷絕關(guān)系"。come to the end結(jié)束，告終put an end to sth.結(jié)束某事，終止某事；消滅某事知識點(diǎn)5In f

11、ifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒內(nèi)，一座大城市就沉沒在一片廢墟之中。例句體會An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 那次地震過后，全城到處是殘垣斷壁。He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。自我探究ruinn毀滅；毀壞；崩潰；(不可數(shù)名詞)廢墟；遺跡(常用復(fù)數(shù))vt&vi(使)毀壞；毀滅；成為廢墟；使破產(chǎn)歸納拓展I. fall into ruin崩塌 come/go to ruin毀滅，崩

12、潰 lie in ruins成為廢墟 the ruins of Yuanmingyuan圓明園遺跡bring sb. to ruin使某人破產(chǎn) ruin ones hopes使某人希望破滅ruin oneself自取滅亡 ruin ones health/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)II. 辨析：ruin / destroy / harm / damage 這幾個詞都有“傷害”的意思，但含義和用法不同：ruin 指毀壞，破滅，瓦解，常常指建筑設(shè)施；damage“損失”，主要用于物，表示部分的損失，一般可以修復(fù)；destroy“毀滅；消滅”，主要指通過某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之毀滅或無用，一般不

13、能或很難恢復(fù)；harm“傷害；損害”，常用于口語，指“肉體、精神、健康”。知識點(diǎn)6Two­thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他們中有2/3在地震中傷亡。例句體會Your words may injure her pride. 你的話也許會傷她的自尊。The injured were sent to hospital right away. 傷員被立即送往醫(yī)院。自我探究injurevt.損害；傷害 the injured 傷員歸納拓展an injured look/ expression 委屈的樣子/表

14、情injury n.傷口；傷害 do an injury to sb.傷害某人易混辨析：wound/ injure/ hurt/ harmwound一般指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷，尤指戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的損傷，其賓語常為健康、成就、容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。hurt可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害，特指伴有疼痛的肉體上的傷害；作不及物動詞時，是“痛”的意思。harm用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可，有時可指引起不安或不便。知識點(diǎn)7Sand now filled the wells instead of water. 井里滿是沙子，而不是水。例句體會The Chin

15、ese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中國人不用刀叉,用筷子。Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。自我探究instead of 代替，而不是歸納拓展instead 是副詞，單獨(dú)使用，用于句首或句末作狀語，意為“代替；相反”。instead of 是復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、或動名詞，其后面的動作，意為“代替、而不”。in place of 為介詞短語，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of則是“用甲不用乙”，除“

16、代替”外，還有對乙作否定的意思，有時意為“不”。take the place of作謂語，用在名詞、代詞前。知識點(diǎn)8Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 一些救援人員和醫(yī)生被困在廢墟下面。例句體會The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察來救他，把他從河里拉了出來。The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 營救隊在這次地震期間進(jìn)

17、行了無數(shù)次救援。Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 邁克把溺水的男孩救了起來。自我探究rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救歸納拓展rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把.從營救出來come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue workers 救援人員知識點(diǎn)9Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins

18、. 一些救援人員和醫(yī)生被困在廢墟下面。例句體會The thieves were caught in a police trap竊賊落人警方設(shè)的陷阱而被捕。The lift broke down and we were trapped inside(it)電梯出了故障，我們被困在里面了。自我探究trap v. 使陷入困境；設(shè)陷阱捕 n陷阱；困境；捕捉(動物的)夾子歸納拓展fall into a trap：be caught in a trap掉入陷阱；落入圈套lay/set a trap(for)安裝捕捉機(jī)；設(shè)陷阱，設(shè)圈套 trap sb into doing sth誘使某人做某事知識點(diǎn)10Yo

19、ur speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 五個裁判聽了你的演講，他們都同意這是今年最好的演講。例句體會His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過去是一名法官。Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。Judging from his expression，he was satisfied with my work.從他的表情判斷，他對我的工作很滿意。自我探究judge n.

20、 法官，審判員；鑒賞家 vt. 審理；鑒定；判斷；認(rèn)為 vi.判斷；評價歸納拓展I. judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過判斷as far as I can judge據(jù)我判斷，我認(rèn)為judging by/from從上看；根據(jù)判斷溫馨提示：judging from/by置于句首作狀語，v-ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立成分。類似的用法還有： generally speaking一般來說/ frankly speaking坦白地說/ considering考慮到/ to tell you the truth說實(shí)話II. judgment n審判，判決；判斷力；意見，看法，評價

21、知識點(diǎn)11The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援部隊組成小分隊，將受困的人們挖出來，并掩埋死者。例句體會Their ambitions were finally dead and buried. 他們的雄心壯志最終被埋葬了。She sat there，buried in thought. 她坐在那兒，陷入了沉思。自我探究bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心；插入，刺入歸納拓展bury.in.把埋到里 be buried alive被活埋be buried i

22、n/ bury oneself in/ be absorbed in 埋頭于；專心于bury ones face in ones hands雙手掩面知識點(diǎn)12Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.那么多的人喪生是因?yàn)榈卣鸢l(fā)生時人們正在睡覺。例句體會A large number of people have applied for the job.許多人申請了這份工作。A number of students want to go to college when

23、 they finish middle school.許多學(xué)生中學(xué)畢業(yè)后想去上大學(xué)。自我探究a (great) number of 許多，大量的 （后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)）歸納拓展I. many, a great good many, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, (quite) a few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much, a great deal of, (quite) a little + 不可數(shù)名詞plenty of, a lot of, lots of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞II. the number of，a number

24、 ofa number of.許多；大量的，后接可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the number of.的數(shù)目，后接可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例題精析【例題1】【題干】Three quarters of some childrens spare time wasted watching TVthat can explain why they are lazy.Aare Bis Cbeing D/【例題2】【題干】large number of trees have been stolen from the forest，havent they?Yes.nu

25、mber of them is 26,000.AThe；The BA；The CA；A DThe；/【例題3】【題干】It everyone to hear all of the villagers behind the mountain were killed in the earthquake.Asuffered Bshocked Cpersuaded Ddestroyed【例題4】【題干】“If you go on stealing，you will _ your bright future，young man！” said the judge.AdestroyBdamage Cruin

26、 Dbreak【例題5】【題干】_is no wonder that the building is _now；it was so big a fire last night.AIt；in ruins BThat；in ruins CThere；in ruins DIt；in ruin【例題6】【題干】Unfortunately，at least 20 miners were killed,22_and 13 _ in the coal mine gas explosion.Ainjuring；trapping Binjured；trappedCinjured；trapping Dinjuri

27、ng；trapped【例題7】【題干】I shall make my own_on this matter when I see the result.Ajustice Bjudgement Cintention Dconclusion【例題8】【題干】_，the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was_.AAt an end；in an end BIn the end；at an endCIn an end；at the end DAt an end；in the end【例題9】【題干】The audience waite

28、d until the curtain rose and then_laughter at the sight of the funny actor.Aburst out Bburst into Cbroken into Dbegan with【例題10】【題干】Lucy didn't answer._， she looked out of the window, as if thinking.ABut BHowever CInstead DAnd同步訓(xùn)練【基礎(chǔ)】 選用方框內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式完成句子。dig out; injure; right away; think little o

29、f; in ruins; blow away; at an end; the number1I think we must get in touch with him .2After the big fire，all of their houses were .3I dont know when their party will be .4It is reported that people who were killed in the road accident reached more than 8.5It is said that they havea lot of treasure f

30、rom that tomb.6Hemy advice and that made me very angry.7Suddenly a strong wind came andthe roofs of their new houses.8He was sad that one of his best friends was badlyin an accident.【鞏固】1. Many people are suffering from the earthquake.I see. Food and clothes should be sent to them.Aon purposeBat pre

31、sent Cright away Dever since2. After World War ，many of the cities across western European countries.Alied in ruin Blay in ruins Clay in ruin Dlying in ruins3. in the book，he didnt hear the sound.ABurying BTo be buried CHaving been buried DBuried4. In a suddenof anger，the man tore up everything with

32、in reach.Acrack Bburst Cmove Dchange5. Whats the matter？It seemsyouve caught a cold.Oh，Im just too tired.Aas if Bever since Cbecause Dwhen6. Everything returned to normalnothing had happened.Aas if Bso that Cbecause Dfor7. As you can see，the number of cars on our roads_rising these days.Awas keeping

33、 Bkeep Ckeeps Dwere keeping8. Im sorry to say that our food is almost_.We cant survive if there is no one to help us.Aby the endBat the end Cin the end Dat an end9. After _ in the research for so many years，the scientist succeeded in finding the result at last.Aburied Bbeing buried Chaving buried Dh

34、aving been buried10. He sighed again and the failure in physics seemed to have completely _ his confidence.Ainjured Bdestroyed Cshocked Dattacked11. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.Ahave damaged Bare damaging Cdamaged Dwill damage12. The lifeboat was sent out to the

35、sailors from the sinking ship.Ashelter Brescue Cescape Dtrap13. He was so_ when he saw a _snake that he jumped_.Afrightened; frightened; in fright Bfrightened; frightening; with frightCfrightening; frightening; in fright Dfrightening; frightened; with fright14. I have some big news for you. Youve be

36、en accepted as a member of our club. Thats great!AHave I? BPardon? CCongratulations! DGood idea!15. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _yesterday.Awas happening Bhappens Chas happened Dhappened【拔高】一、 單項(xiàng)選擇1. _ the number of cars, only _small number of people have attended the meeting.A. Judg

37、ing from; a B. Judged from; aC. Judging from; the D. Judged from; the2. Have you seen the film “Titanic”，_leading actor is world famous? A. its B. itsC. whose D. which 3. A number of buildings_ damaged in the earthquake, and the number of people who were killed_ reached more than 20,000.A. were; hav

38、e B. were; hasC. was; has D. was; have4. It came as_ shock to learn that Bob, one of the top students in our class, failed in _ exam.A. 不填； the B. a; theC. a; an D. 不填； an5. _ in the snowstorm for two hours, the driver called 110 and he was rescued in _ end.A. Trapped; theB. Trapping; aC. To trap; /

39、 D. Trap; an二、 閱讀理解Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (斷層), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occur

40、red, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, releasing some strong smell chemicals.The Mississippi River itself completel

41、y changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools(激流和漩渦). Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811;

42、but the severity of the earthquakes was shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington, DC.Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially

43、different. The San Andreas is a horizontal(水平的)boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of

44、millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region. The fault i

45、tself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these small

46、er quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.文章大意：本文通過歷史回顧和科學(xué)分析，提醒人們多關(guān)注New Madrid地區(qū)頻繁的地震。1This passage is mainly about_.A. the New Madrid fault B. the San Andreas C. the causes of faults D. curren

47、t scientific knowledge about faults 2Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault?3This passage implies that_.A. horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faultsB. vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC. a lot of people would die if the

48、 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened todayD. the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive.課堂運(yùn)用書面表達(dá)：請按要求寫一篇有關(guān)玉樹地震的報道時間：2010年4月14日早晨 震級： 7.1 級人員傷亡：2,698 人遇難，270 人失蹤 受災(zāi)面積：35,862 平方千米損失情況：居民住房大量倒塌，眾多公共設(shè)施遭到破壞，使工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、旅游業(yè)嚴(yán)重受損。災(zāi)后救助：大量來自全國各地的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生工作者迅速奔赴救災(zāi)第一線；個人、企業(yè)、機(jī)構(gòu)大量捐款幫助玉樹重建；隨著重建的開展，玉樹逐漸

49、恢復(fù)。要求：1.詞數(shù)100詞左右 2.可以適當(dāng)添加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫_【答案】 On the morning of April 14th, 2010, a 7.1-magnitude earthquake hit Yushu County(縣) in Qinghai Province, killing 1698 people with 270 people missing. The damage area was as large as 35,862 kilometers. In the area many residential buildings collapsed and a great

50、 number of public facilities were damaged, which extremely harm agriculture, industry and tourism in the county. Soon lots of medical workers from all over the country went to the earthquake-hit areas while a large amount of money was raised from all walks of life to help the reconstruction. As the reconstruction began, Yushu gradually recovered.【解析】寫作步驟：第一步：審題。時態(tài)：一般過去時；段落：三段第一段：第一段點(diǎn)明主題開門見山地點(diǎn)出地震發(fā)生的時間，地點(diǎn)，震級，傷亡人數(shù)。第二段：第二段描述該城市受災(zāi)面積和損失情況。第三段：第三段描述震后的救援情況。第二步：寫要點(diǎn)：Make a list of your ideas and give your reason