2004年1月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)試題2閱讀理解及注釋

1、2004 年 1 月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解2004 年 1 月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解第 1 篇Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:I' m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these sta

2、tements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today' s children are significantly more anxious thanchildren in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children age 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anx

3、iety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.Why are America ' s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things and a growing perception that the

4、 world is a more dangerous place.Given that we can 't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.At the top of the list isnurturing ( 培育 ) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism.No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build commu

5、nities and protect individuals against stress.To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face to face relationships, ad they will get more sleep.Limit the amount ofvirtual ( 虛擬的 ) vio

6、lence your children are exposed to. It' s not justvideo games and movies; children see a lot of murders and crimes on the local news.Keep you expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will

7、help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't' have toruin your life.21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people's state of mind are .A) surprisingB) confusingC) illogicalD) quest

8、ionable22. What does the author means when he says,“ we cant ' turn the clock back ” (Line 1, Para.3)?A) It ' s impossible to slow down the pace of change.B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D) It ' s imposs

9、ible to forget the past.23. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentallyill 50 years ago .A) were less isolated physicallyB) were probably less self-centeredC) probably suffered less from anxietyD) were considered less individualistic24. The first and m

10、ost important thing parents should do to help their children is .A) to provide them with a safer environmentB) to lower their expectations for themC) to get them more involved sociallyD) to set a good model for them to follow25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A) Anxiety, though unavoi

11、dable, can be coped with.B) Children ' s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.C) Children 's anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.2004 年 1 月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解第 1 篇【參考譯文】我經(jīng)常懷疑任何研究的結(jié)論說(shuō)人們比 50 年前更快樂或更不快樂和更相信自己或更不相信自己。即使

12、這些研究結(jié)論是正確的，也無(wú)法得到科學(xué)的驗(yàn)證。同時(shí)我對(duì)一份報(bào)告感到很震驚，其中提到今天的孩子比 50 年代的孩子有明顯的焦慮感。實(shí)際上，有分析表明，現(xiàn)在 9 到 11 歲的正常孩子表現(xiàn)出的焦慮程度比 50 年前接受精神病治療的孩子還要高。為什么美國(guó)的孩子們?nèi)绱私箲]呢？報(bào)告中引證了兩個(gè)原因： 由于較高的離婚率和較少的參與社會(huì)和其 它事情而造成的與世隔絕；還有對(duì)世界是一個(gè)更加危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境的認(rèn)知。盡管我們不能使時(shí)鐘逆轉(zhuǎn)，成年人還是可以為下一代做許多事情的。 首先要培養(yǎng)孩子們更好地領(lǐng)會(huì)個(gè)人主義的局限性。 任何一個(gè)孩子都不是一座與世隔絕的孤島。 加強(qiáng)社 會(huì)聯(lián)系能幫助他們更多地參與社交活動(dòng)，使他們免受壓力的困

13、擾。幫助孩子們與他人建立更多的聯(lián)系。你可以毀掉電視和計(jì)算機(jī)，不久之后你的家庭會(huì)感謝你的。他們 可以有更多的時(shí)間建立一種面對(duì)面的關(guān)系并且睡得更香。限制你的孩子們接觸到一些虛擬的暴力。 不僅錄像和電影中有暴力場(chǎng)面， 孩子們也從當(dāng)?shù)氐膱?bào)紙上讀 到了大量關(guān)于謀殺和犯罪的消息。對(duì)你的孩子要有合理的期望。很多功成名就的人士也從未上過(guò)哈佛或耶魯。 使鍛煉成為你日常生活的一部分。 這可以幫助你很好地解決你的焦慮并且為你的孩子提供一種好的榜 樣。有時(shí)候焦慮是不可避免的，但它還不至于會(huì)毀了你的生活。21. 作者認(rèn)為，關(guān)于人們精神狀態(tài)的任何研究結(jié)論是 。A) 令人吃驚的B) 迷惑的C) 不合邏輯的D) 質(zhì)疑的22.

14、 作者說(shuō)“我們不能使時(shí)鐘逆轉(zhuǎn)”(第 3 段第 1行)是什么意思？A) 不能減緩變化的速度。B) 孩子們面對(duì)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀是不能改變的。C) 過(guò)去的教訓(xùn)不能遺忘。D) 不可能忘記過(guò)去。23. 根據(jù)分析，與今天正常的孩子相比， 50 年前接受精神病治療的孩子 。A) 更少與世隔絕B) 也許更少以自我為中心C) 也許遭遇的焦慮更少D) 被認(rèn)為具有更少的個(gè)人主義24. 為幫助孩子們，父母首要該做的是 。A) 給孩子們提供一個(gè)更加安全的環(huán)境B) 降低對(duì)孩子們的期望C) 讓孩子們更多的參與社會(huì)D) 為孩子們樹立一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的好榜樣25. 我們可以從文章中得出什么結(jié)論？A) 焦慮，盡管不可避免，但能夠被恰當(dāng)處理。B

15、) 孩子們的焦慮被極度夸大了。C) 如果有更多的父母關(guān)愛，孩子們的焦慮可以被消除D) 如果恰當(dāng)?shù)目刂平箲]，可以幫助孩子們變得成熟。答案】2122232425DBCCA【注釋】 本文屬于果因分析性的文章，即“提出問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題”型。中心議題是孩子的焦 慮 (anxious) 問(wèn)題，作者開篇以一個(gè)研究的結(jié)果導(dǎo)出中心：對(duì)比50 年前，現(xiàn)在的孩子比以前更感到有壓力和焦慮。第 2 自然段分析造成孩子感到焦慮的原因，第 3 自然段至第 8 自然段闡述解決方法：父母應(yīng)該 如何幫助孩子減少壓力和焦慮。【答案解析】21. (D) 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 1 自然段第 1 句?！?I'm usually

16、fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that ”其中，“ skeptical ”的意思是“懷疑的，有疑問(wèn)的”，也就是“ questionable 有問(wèn) 題的”的意思。22. (B) 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 3 自然段。根據(jù)上下文，“ we can 't turn the clock back”意思是“我們無(wú)法把時(shí)針反調(diào)回去”，也就是說(shuō)，目前孩子有焦慮的這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)無(wú)法改變了。23. (C) 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 1 自然段。“ In fact, , normal children age 9 to 17 exhibit a hig

17、her level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years age.對(duì)比 50 年前的有精神病的孩子，正常的孩子比他們更憂慮。”反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，有精神病的孩子比正常的孩子遭受的憂慮少。24. (C) 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 4、 5 自然段。第 4 自然段“ At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciation of individualism. 父母首先要做的是讓孩子更好地、更多地與人交往、溝通?！钡?5 自然 段“ stronge

18、r connections with others與他人更多地接觸”，也就是，父母首先要做的是讓孩子更多地融入到社會(huì)當(dāng)中。25. (A) 。綜合全文，作者開篇提出問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在的孩子比以前的孩子更加憂慮，接著分析原因，最 后闡述解決的方法父母可以幫助孩子減少壓力和憂慮。 所以根據(jù)文章我們可以得到 “雖然憂慮是不可 避免的，但可以通過(guò)各種方式來(lái)解決、對(duì)付?！薄倦y句分析】1. 【句型分析】 I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that（ that 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的 research ）concludes that （ th

19、at 引導(dǎo) conclude 的賓語(yǔ)從句） people are either happier or （連詞 or 連接 happier 和 unhappier ，表示選擇） unhappier or （連詞 or 連接 happier or unhappier 和 more or less certain ，與前面的 either 構(gòu)成搭配，表示選擇） more or （連詞 or 連接 more 和 less ， 表示選擇） less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.【參考譯文】我經(jīng)常懷疑任何研究的結(jié)論說(shuō)人們比 50 年前

20、更快樂或更不快樂和更相信自己或更不 相信自己。（注意連詞 or 的用法以及 that 的用法。）2. 【句型分析】 Still, I was struck by a report which （ which 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的 report ）concluded that （that 引導(dǎo) conclude 的賓語(yǔ)從句） today 's children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s.【參考譯文】同時(shí)我對(duì)一份報(bào)告感到很震驚，其中提到今天的孩子比 50 年代的孩子有明顯的焦慮 感。（注意定

21、語(yǔ)從句的用法和翻譯以及 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。）3. 【句型分析】 The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation（破折號(hào)引出插入語(yǔ)） brought on by high divorce rates and （連詞 and 連接 high divorce rates 和 less involvement ）less involvement in community, among other thingsand a growing perceptionthat （ that 引導(dǎo) perception 的

22、同位語(yǔ)從句） the world is a more dangerous place.【參考譯文】 報(bào)告中引證了兩個(gè)原因： 由于較高的離婚率和較少的參與社會(huì)和其它事情而造成的與 世隔絕；還有對(duì)世界是一個(gè)更加危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境的認(rèn)知。 （注意冒號(hào)的用法，表示一般特殊型，并注意同位從 句的識(shí)別和翻譯。）2004 年 1 月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解第 2 篇Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are i

23、nside, the organizational constraints （約束） influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don' t at least ask for it. Mentend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just p

24、ay increases. Consider Beth 's story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. we hadcubicle （ 小隔間 ） offices andwindow offices. I sat in the cubicle with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were

25、 hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I uses they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automati

26、c pay increases equal to our merit, but“ nice ”isn ' t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you ' ll probably have to ask for it.Performance is your best bargainingchip （籌碼） when you are seeking a raise. You must beable to demonstrat

27、e that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs （a new client or a sizable contract, for example） just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip

28、too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.26. According to the passage,

29、 before taking a job, a person should .A) demonstrate his capabilityB) give his boss a god impressionC) ask for as much money as he canD) ask for the salary he hopes to get27. What can be inferred from Beth' s story?A) Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B) If people want

30、what they deserve, they have to ask for it.C) People should not be content with what they have got.D) People should be careful when negotiating for a job.28. We can learn from the passage that .A) unfairness exists in salary increasesB) most people are overworked and underpaidC) one should avoid ove

31、rstating one' s performanceD) most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises29. To get a pay raise, a person should .A) advertise himself on the job marketB) persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC) try to get inside information about the organizationD) do something to impress

32、his boss just before merit pay decisions30. To be successful in negotiations, one must .A) meet his boss at the appropriate timeB) arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC) be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD) be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes2004 年 1月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題第

33、2篇注釋【 參考譯文 】在進(jìn)入一家公司之前就談妥你的工資要求要容易些， 原因是你一旦工作了， 公司組織的約束會(huì)影響你 的加薪。然而有一點(diǎn)是確定的：如果你不主動(dòng)要求，那么你覺得你有資格加薪的機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)際要少得多。人們 主動(dòng)要求想得到更多就會(huì)得到更多。這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于其它回報(bào)也同樣適用，而并不只針對(duì)加薪。讓我們看一下 Beth 的例子。我沒有主動(dòng)要求就得不到我想要的。 公司有小隔間的辦公間和單個(gè)帶窗戶的辦公室。 我和很多男同事 一起做在小隔間里。當(dāng)我還留在小隔間時(shí)，他們一個(gè)接一個(gè)甚至比我晚到公司的都搬入了單間的辦公室。 他們其中一個(gè)告訴我， 他在談工作的時(shí)候就主動(dòng)要求有一個(gè)辦公室。 既然我沒有用任何方式表達(dá)

34、我的想法， 我就像他們認(rèn)為的一樣滿足于呆在小隔間。如果能夠根據(jù)表現(xiàn)好而主動(dòng)加薪那就好了， 但多數(shù)公司沒有這樣的好心。 如果你覺得你的表現(xiàn)應(yīng)得到 加薪，就要主動(dòng)提出來(lái)。表現(xiàn)業(yè)績(jī)是你要求加薪的最好籌碼。你必須表現(xiàn)出你值得加薪。同樣時(shí)間也是一個(gè)好籌碼。在公司要 根據(jù)雇員業(yè)績(jī)做出加薪的決定之前， 你如果能給老板他想要的某個(gè)東西譬如說(shuō)一個(gè)新客戶或是一個(gè)數(shù) 額可觀的合同，你就更有可能得到你想要的加薪。信息也可以作為一種籌碼。在開放的市場(chǎng)中找出你的價(jià)值。別人將為你的服務(wù)提供什么樣的回報(bào)？ 與老板進(jìn)行談判要準(zhǔn)備好在適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)把籌碼放在談判桌上，運(yùn)用一定的交流方法引導(dǎo)談判的發(fā)展方26. 根據(jù)文章，一個(gè)人得到工作之

35、前首先應(yīng)該 。A）展示他的能力B）給他的老板一個(gè)好印象C）盡可能索要更多的錢D）要求他希望得到的薪水27. 我們可以從 Bath 的例子得出什么結(jié)論？A）對(duì)女性的偏見在一些公司中仍然存在。B）人們想得到什么就要主動(dòng)要求。C）人們不應(yīng)滿足于已有的一切。D）人們商談一項(xiàng)工作時(shí)應(yīng)仔細(xì)。28. 我們可以從文章推理出 。A）加薪中存在不公正B）多數(shù)人工作過(guò)度勞累而報(bào)酬甚少C）不應(yīng)夸大自己的表現(xiàn)D）多數(shù)公司自動(dòng)給員工加薪29. 為了得到加薪，應(yīng)該 。A）在勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)自我推銷B）勸說(shuō)老板簽一份長(zhǎng)期合同C）設(shè)法獲得有關(guān)公司的內(nèi)部情報(bào)D）在根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)做出加薪?jīng)Q定之前做些事加深老板對(duì)你的印象30. 為了在談判中成功，

36、應(yīng)該 。A）在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間與老板見面B）準(zhǔn)時(shí)到談判桌C）擅長(zhǎng)影響談判的結(jié)果D）熟悉老板的好惡答案】2627282930DBADC【注釋】 本文屬于一般闡述性的文章。中心議題是提薪（ wages increases ），作者借 Beth 的經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明想要 加薪或升職，就應(yīng)該明確地提出要求。作者開篇提出中心 wages increases ，接著第 2 自然段以 Beth 的 經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明中心。第 3 自然段闡述自動(dòng)提薪。第 4、 5、6 自然段闡述如果你要求提薪或升職，就應(yīng)該做好 可以被加薪的準(zhǔn)備。【答案解析】26. （D） 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 1 自然段?！?It is easier to negoti

37、able salary requirement在工作之前應(yīng)該對(duì)自己期望的薪金提出要求?！?7. （B） 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 2、 3 自然段。第 2 自然段闡述了 Beth 要求提薪的經(jīng)歷，他沒有說(shuō)出自己的要求。而第 3 自然段針對(duì) Beth 的例子說(shuō)明了“想要加薪或升職，就應(yīng)該明確地提出要求?！奔丛闹?的“ you ' ll probably have to ask for it.你應(yīng)該提出要求?！?8. （A） 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 2、3 自然段。 根據(jù)第 2 自然段的具體闡述以及第 3 自然段的“ It would be nice if we all received automa

38、tic pay increases equal to our merit。如果我們都能得到等同于我們的價(jià)值的自動(dòng)提薪，那當(dāng)然是好事?！弊髡呤褂昧颂摂M語(yǔ)氣，暗示了只有我們自己要求提薪，老板是不會(huì)主 動(dòng)給你提薪的，也就是“在提薪方面存在著不公平的現(xiàn)象”。29. （D） 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 4 自然段。本段闡述了如果你要求提薪或升職，就應(yīng)該做好準(zhǔn)備，也就是 “ Performance is your best bargaining chip when you are seeking a raise.好的表現(xiàn)是你要求提薪或晉升的最好的談判砝碼?！彼砸筇嵝交蛏?，就應(yīng)該“在你的價(jià)值被認(rèn)定以前做一些讓老

39、板印象深刻 的事情”。30. （C） 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 6 自然段。“ place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.在適當(dāng)是時(shí)間把你的砝碼' 擺出來(lái)，而且準(zhǔn)備好運(yùn)用交流方式去引導(dǎo)互動(dòng)談話的方向， （使得其往你所期待的結(jié)果發(fā)展。 ）” 所以，要想談判成功，必須很好地影響（談話）互動(dòng)的結(jié)果。【難句分析】1. 【句型分析】 One by one they were m

40、oved into window offices, while（表示前后的對(duì)比，比較） I remained in the cubicles, several males who（ who 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的 severalmales ） were hired after me also went to offices.【參考譯文】當(dāng)我還留在小隔間時(shí)，他們一個(gè)接一個(gè)甚至比我晚到公司的都搬入了單間的辦公室。 他們其中一個(gè)告訴我，他在談工作的時(shí)候就主動(dòng)要求有一個(gè)辦公室。 （對(duì)比和比較是英語(yǔ)中作者常常使用 的寫作方法，在理解時(shí)需要注意作者對(duì)比的目的是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)哪一個(gè)方面，對(duì)比的目的是為了說(shuō)

41、明什么問(wèn) 題。）2. 【句型分析】 If （if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句） you can give your boss something （省略了 that ，引 導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的 something ） he or she needs （a new client or a sizable contract, for example） just before （ before 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句） merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise （省略了 that ，引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修

42、飾前面的 raise ） you want.【參考譯文】 在公司要根據(jù)雇員業(yè)績(jī)做出加薪的決定之前， 你如果能給老板他想要的某個(gè)東西 譬如說(shuō)一個(gè)新客戶或是一個(gè)數(shù)額可觀的合同，你就更有可能得到你想要的加薪。（注意省略了 that 的定 語(yǔ)從句的識(shí)別和翻譯方法。）3. 【 句 型分 析】 Go into the negotiations prepared （過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的 negotiations ） to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and （連詞 and 連接 prepared 和 prepared

43、） prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.【參考譯文】 與老板進(jìn)行談判要準(zhǔn)備好在適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)把籌碼放在談判桌上， 運(yùn)用一定的交流方法引導(dǎo) 談判的發(fā)展方向。（注意分詞作后置定語(yǔ)的用法和翻譯。）2004 年 1 月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解第 3 篇Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal

44、traditions dating backto Grandma ' s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best.But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to astoneware （ 粗陶 ）-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally

45、 casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard timesLast week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs one-fifth of its total workforce.

46、 That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery ( 陶瓷 ) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social

47、shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company“ has been somewhat slow in catching upwith the trend ” toward casualdining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.Even dinner parties

48、, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it's better to share a takeout pizza onpaper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a“ real ” dinner party.Too often, the perfect mom

49、ent never comes. Iron a fine patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polishthe silver? Who has time?Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points ofetiquette ( 禮節(jié) ) that childrenmight once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents ( “Chew with your

50、 mouth closed.” “Keep your elbows off the table.” ) must bepicked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.31. The trend toward casual dining has resulted in .A) bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersB) shrinkin

51、g of the pottery industryC) restructuring of large enterprisesD) economic recession in Great Britain32. Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?A) Family members need more time to relax.B) Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.C) People want to practice economy in

52、 times of scarcity.D) Young people won ' t follow the etiquette of the older generation.33. It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is .A) a retailer of stainless steel tablewareB) a dealer in stonewareC) a pottery chain storeD) a producer of fine china34. The main cause of the lay

53、offs in the pottery industry is .A) the increased value of the poundB) the economic recession in AsiaC) the change in people 's way of lifeD) the fierce competition at home and abroad35. Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life .A) are still a must on certain

54、 occasionsB) are bound to return sooner or laterC) are still being taught by parents at homeD) can help improve personal relationships2004 年1月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解第 3 篇注釋【 參考譯文 】 圣誕晚餐時(shí)家人聚在一起， 一些家庭依然保持源于祖母那一代的傳統(tǒng)。 他們用上好的器皿和銀器布置 餐桌，穿上節(jié)日里最好的禮服。但是在很多家庭，優(yōu)雅的瓷器和銀器已被粗陶和無(wú)瑕疵的非正式器皿所取代，衣服也穿得很隨意。這 種變化對(duì)于主人和客人來(lái)說(shuō)都意味著簡(jiǎn)單和舒服。 對(duì)于英

55、國(guó)的精瓷器制造商來(lái)說(shuō)， 它意味著經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期 的到來(lái)。上星期， Royal Doulton, 特倫河畔斯托克城的最大工廠，宣布將取消 1,000 個(gè)職位占整個(gè)工廠 職位總數(shù)的五分之一，從而使得陶瓷行業(yè)在 18 個(gè)月中總共損失了 4,000 多個(gè)職位。韋吉渥陶和其它制陶 業(yè)之前也受到影響解雇了一些雇員。盡管英鎊堅(jiān)挺， 亞洲市場(chǎng)低迷是帶來(lái)工廠裁員的主要原因， 但裁員的根本原因是由于社會(huì)發(fā)生了驚天 動(dòng)地的變化。 Royal Doulton 的一個(gè)發(fā)言人承認(rèn)公司對(duì)于平常的用餐 “已經(jīng)有點(diǎn)趕不上這種變化的趨勢(shì)。 他解釋說(shuō)，家人很少聚在一起吃飯，更多的人是單獨(dú)吃飯。這是因?yàn)楠?dú)身或喜歡在電視機(jī)前吃東西?，F(xiàn)在

56、即使是有宴會(huì)也變得不那么正式了。如今，人們工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，家庭日程安排得很緊湊。很自然， 忙碌的主人會(huì)讓客人們一起吃用紙盤裝的外買比薩餅，而不是等待一個(gè)決佳的機(jī)會(huì)或舉辦一個(gè)“真正”的 宴會(huì)。經(jīng)常都不會(huì)有決佳的機(jī)會(huì)。熨平一塊精美的桌布？忘了它吧！擦亮銀器？誰(shuí)有那個(gè)時(shí)間呢！但是失去正式的宴會(huì)也有其壞處。孩子們以前通過(guò)觀察和指導(dǎo)從長(zhǎng)輩處學(xué)的禮節(jié)（“咀嚼的時(shí)候把嘴 巴閉上?！?“不要把手肘放在桌上?！?）必須重新學(xué)習(xí)?，F(xiàn)在一些公司也為專業(yè)優(yōu)秀但缺乏社交禮儀的 員工提供禮節(jié)課程。31. 隨意宴會(huì)的趨勢(shì)造成 。A）精瓷器制造業(yè)的破產(chǎn)B）陶瓷工業(yè)的萎縮C）大企業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整D）英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退32. 下面那一項(xiàng)可能

57、是形成非正式宴會(huì)最主要的原因？A）家庭成員需要更多的時(shí)間消遣。B）繁忙的日程安排使得人們沒有時(shí)間顧及禮儀。C）人們?cè)趨T乏時(shí)代想?yún)栃泄?jié)儉。D）年輕人不愿遵循老一代人的禮節(jié)33. 從文中可知， Royal Doulton 是 。A）一家精致鋼制餐具的零售商B）一家粗陶器商C）一家陶器連鎖店D）一家精瓷器制造商34. 陶瓷行業(yè)解雇員工的主要原因是 。A）英鎊的日益升值B）亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退C）人們生活方式的改變D）國(guó)內(nèi)外的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)35. 優(yōu)雅的餐桌禮儀，在當(dāng)今社會(huì)盡管不如以前流行A）在某些場(chǎng)合還是必要的B）注定遲早要回歸C）仍然由家中父母?jìng)魇贒）能夠幫助改善人際關(guān)系答案】3132333435BBDCA【注

58、釋】本文屬于記實(shí)性的文章。 中心議題是由于越來(lái)越多的非正式宴會(huì)替代了正式的宴會(huì)， 結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了用于 正式宴會(huì)的陶瓷用品行業(yè)生產(chǎn)的萎縮。第1、2 自然段作者闡述的是非正式宴會(huì)替代了正式的宴會(huì)，宴會(huì)變得隨意了（ casual ）。第 3 自然段闡述陶瓷公司裁員，第 4 自然段闡述這種改變是社會(huì)的趨勢(shì)，第 5 自然段再次闡述宴會(huì)的 casual （隨意性），第 6 自然段闡述某些禮節(jié)（ formality ）漸漸地不大被人們所 提倡了?！敬鸢附馕觥?1. （B） 。本題考點(diǎn)出自第 2、3自然段。第 2 自然段作者闡述了非正式宴會(huì)取代了正式宴會(huì)，第 3自 然段闡述由于用于正式宴會(huì)的用品數(shù)量的減少，陶瓷公司不得不裁員。可見兩段之間是因果關(guān)系。所以非 正式宴會(huì)出現(xiàn)的趨勢(shì)導(dǎo)