高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題(精辟)

1、考點(diǎn)識(shí)別：定語(yǔ)從句是高考中的熱點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)，也是必修一、二的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法。有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句主要考查：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。此外，as與which 的區(qū)別以及表地點(diǎn)的先行詞模糊化是近幾年來(lái)的考查熱點(diǎn)。一、 初步了解定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句和放在一個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組（先行詞）之后，對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制的一個(gè)句子。定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N，區(qū)別是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句往往有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，具體如下： 指人 who (做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)) whom (做賓語(yǔ)) 關(guān)系代詞 that (做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)) whose（做定語(yǔ)） 指物 th

2、at (做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ))引導(dǎo)詞 which (做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)) whose （做定語(yǔ)）關(guān)系副詞 where (地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) 等于“介詞+which” in/at which when（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） under/in which why （原因狀語(yǔ)） for which二、如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞？ 技巧：1）若定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全，用關(guān)系副詞，至于用什么關(guān)系副詞要看先行詞。the days 2）若定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物動(dòng)詞，如是，用關(guān)系代詞，如不是，用關(guān)系副詞。但是，如果不能確定謂語(yǔ)是不是及物動(dòng)詞，那么就翻譯出句子，如果講得通，證明不缺成分，那么用關(guān)系副詞，反之

3、，若句子講不通，證明卻成分，則用關(guān)系代詞。e.g. Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?(缺賓語(yǔ)) 主 謂1 / 7（另一種方法：定語(yǔ)從句翻譯為“我們?cè)谇鄭u度過(guò)”，可見(jiàn)講不通，所以證明卻成分） Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holiday in Qingdao? （不缺成分） 表時(shí)間 主 謂 賓 三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的選擇。技巧：采用還原法，即把從句補(bǔ)充完整，建立與主句的聯(lián)系，以便判斷這個(gè)介詞的選用。e.

4、g. China is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud.定語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)充完整為：we are greatly proud of可以看出介詞為of三、 定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的區(qū)分1.句中有并列連詞或者句中有分號(hào)，則是并列句，可以用it指代前面的內(nèi)容。2.句中有逗號(hào)，且逗號(hào)后面內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面某一名詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，則用關(guān)系代詞。e.g. Wang Hong failed in the college entrance examination, which disappointed his mother. (定語(yǔ)從句) Wang Hong fa

5、iled in the college entrance examination and it disappointed his mother.（有并列連詞and，為并列句） Wang Hong failed in the college entrance examination; it disappointed his mother.（有分號(hào)，為并列句）此外，定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別也很easy. 敬請(qǐng)期待。 四、 as 與 which的區(qū)別：1.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常放于主句前（也就是說(shuō)放于句首），而which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常放于主句后。e.g. Th

6、e weather turned to be good, which was more than we could expect. As you know, he is a famous writer. 2. 出現(xiàn) such ，the same 等詞，用as，構(gòu)成 “such+名詞+as, the same +名詞+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. He is such a clever boy as everyone likes him.3. as 常用于“as+ be + known/reported/announced”以及“as it seems , as it often happens, as

7、 is often the case”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g. As is expected, she has been absent again.五、只用that不用which的情況1當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等不定代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時(shí)。 e.g. (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) Al

8、l that can be done has been done.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾e.g. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)e.g. This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)e.g. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)e.g. Who is the man t

9、hat is standing there?6. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有物時(shí)e.g. Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?六、表地點(diǎn)的先行詞模糊化高考試題中對(duì)于where 的考查趨于復(fù)雜，從先行詞為明顯的“地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)化為“模糊的地點(diǎn)”。特別需要記住的幾個(gè)詞： situation, case, stage, point.e.g. They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.六、做定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題時(shí)要注意的幾

10、個(gè)問(wèn)題：1. 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞沒(méi)有what。2.引導(dǎo)詞that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。3.看準(zhǔn)先行詞才能選對(duì)關(guān)系代詞。4. whose 在句中做定語(yǔ)，所以whose后一般有個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組。e.g. A child whose parents are dead is very poor. 名詞5. 1） one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) 2） one of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) 3） the only +one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)如何記呢？技巧：1）為我們熟悉的；2）句中謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，因?yàn)槎嗉恿藗€(gè)句子，所以用復(fù)數(shù)；3）句中，因?yàn)橛?the only（唯

11、一），表示單個(gè)，所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 自我演練1. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when2. Sales director is position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where3. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often

12、 was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 4. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what5. By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. which B. when C. what D. t

13、hat6. We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 7. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what 8. The prize wi

14、ll go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what9. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which10. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to re

15、ach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as11. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that12. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while13. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there14. The days are gone _ physi