數(shù)電課程設(shè)計競賽搶答器

1、 數(shù)電課程設(shè)計實驗報告 課題：競賽搶答器 學院：電氣與信息工程學院 姓名：班級：電子信息工程1001班 目錄一、課程設(shè)計的要求及目的- 1 -二、設(shè)計的功能要求- 2 -三、設(shè)計思路框圖- 3 -四、vhdl程序- 4 -1、鍵盤轉(zhuǎn)按鍵模塊- 4 -2、顯示模塊- 6 -3、主模塊- 9 -五、電路連接圖- 14 -六、心得體會- 14 -一、課程設(shè)計的要求及目的1了解電子設(shè)計的具體流程和方法。 2. 掌握電子設(shè)計的基本要求，能夠運用所學的知識解決生活中的一些問題。 3. 初步掌握vhdl語言編程，并設(shè)計出一個有意義的小型系統(tǒng)。 4. 掌握altium designer 6.9軟件的應用，并且

2、了解相關(guān)硬件的組成和功能。 5. 用eda（electronic design automation）或者原理圖完成一個課題的設(shè)計，并達到相應的功能要求。 二、設(shè)計的功能要求 在許多比賽活動中，為了準確、公正、直觀地判斷出第一搶答者，通常設(shè)置一臺搶答器，通過數(shù)顯、燈光及音響等各種手段批示出第一搶答者。同時，還可以設(shè)置計分、犯規(guī)及獎懲記錄等各種功能。本設(shè)計利用eda技術(shù)，可容納8組參賽，每組設(shè)置一個按鈕供參賽者搶答使用。主持人按下開始按鍵后，10s倒計時開始，當一組搶答器按下后，1602lcd顯示搶答的組別。由于搶答器具有第一信號鑒別和鎖存功能使其余的組就搶答無效，搶答的組回答問題后由主持人進行

3、加減分，然后主持人按復位鍵后繼續(xù)進行搶答。1、在1602lcd屏幕上顯示所需組別及分數(shù)；2、考慮到有選手犯規(guī)，在主持人未按下開始鍵但是已經(jīng)有組別按下?lián)尨疰I時會在屏幕顯示該組別犯規(guī)（fg），并由主持人手動減分； 3、按下開始鍵后，有10s的時間供選手們搶答，如果30s后仍無人搶答，則蜂鳴器報警，并在屏幕上顯示超時（cs）；4、每個組別設(shè)置的初始分數(shù)為0分，加分上限為9分； 5、能實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)手動復位，復位后回到初始狀態(tài)，并等待主持人按下開始鍵。三、設(shè)計思路框圖譯碼顯示譯碼優(yōu)先編碼 搶答按鈕控制模塊主持人控制開關(guān)顯示模塊定時模塊秒脈沖產(chǎn)生四、vhdl程序1、鍵盤轉(zhuǎn)按鍵模塊library ieee;us

4、e ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;entity padtokey is port ( cpin,r,validkey :in std_logic; key :in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); keyout: out std_logic_vector(15 downto 0); clk_1mhz,rst: out std_logic );end entity ;architecture jgt of padtokey is s

5、ignal ctcp: integer range 0 to 5; signal cpo :std_logic:='0' signal ctcpo :integer range 0 to 4999; type states is (s0,s1,s2); signal s: states;beginprocess(cpin)beginif cpin='1' and cpin 'event then if ctcp=5 then cpo <= not cpo; ctcp<=0; else ctcp<=ctcp+1; end if;end i

6、f;end process;process(cpo,r)beginclk_1mhz<=cpo;if r='1' then rst<='0's<=s0;ctcpo<=0; keyout<="0000000000000000"elsif cpo='1' and cpo 'event then if ctcpo /= 4999 then ctcpo<=ctcpo+1; else ctcpo<=0; case s is when s0 =>rst<='0'

7、if validkey='1' then s<=s1; case key is when "0000"=>keyout<="0000000000000001" when "0001"=>keyout<="0000000000000010" when "0010"=>keyout<="0000000000000100" when "0011"=>keyout<="00000000

8、00001000" when "0100"=>keyout<="0000000000010000" when "0101"=>keyout<="0000000000100000" when "0110"=>keyout<="0000000001000000" when "0111"=>keyout<="0000000010000000" when "1000"

9、=>keyout<="0000000100000000" when "1001"=>keyout<="0000001000000000" when "1010"=>keyout<="0000010000000000" when "1011"=>keyout<="0000100000000000" when "1100"=>keyout<="00010000000000

10、00" when "1101"=>keyout<="0010000000000000" when "1110"=>keyout<="0100000000000000" when "1111"=>keyout<="1000000000000000" when others=>null; end case; else s<=s0;keyout<="0000000000000000" end if;

11、 when s1=>rst<='1's<=s2; when s2=>rst<='0's<=s0; when others=> null; end case; end if;end if;end process; end architecture jgt;此模塊使用狀態(tài)機將鍵盤的16個按鍵轉(zhuǎn)換為16個按鍵信號。2、顯示模塊library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity qdqlcd is port (cpin,r

12、,busy :in std_logic; fs1,fs2,fs3,fs4,fs5,fs6,fs7,fs8,tm :in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); zb : in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); teshu : in std_logic_vector(1 downto 0); clk,rst,strobe,outline : out std_logic; data : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); addr : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) );end enti

13、ty ;architecture jgt of qdqlcd is type states is (s0,s1,s2,s3,s4); signal s: states; signal lcdpt : integer range 0 to 27; signal cpct : integer range 0 to 65535; signal cp: std_logic; -signal ascew,ascsn : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);beginprocess(cpin,r)beginclk<=cpin;if r='1' then cpct

14、<=65535;elsif cpin='1' and cpin 'event then if cpct=0 then cpct<=65535;cp<=not cp; else cpct<=cpct-1; end if;end if;end process; -·ÖƵΪ500usÖÜÆÚ-Ö÷½ø³Ì£ºÄâ²ÉÓ&#

15、195;500usʱÖÓ£¬¼´ÔÚ500usºóÍê³É״̬ת»»£¬ÐÞ¸ÄlcdptÖ¸Õë-s0:³õʼ״̬,ÔÚr=1Ê

16、77;£¬´¦ÓÚs0״̬,lcdpt=0- Á÷³Ì£º Êä³örst=1, תs1-s1:Êä³örst=0;ÅжÏbusy=0? :y: lcdpt+1;lcdptµ½¹Ì¶¨×îºó

17、£¿:n: ->s2 - :y: תs3- ;n; null-s2:¸ø³östrobeÐźš£×ªs1-s1,s2Íê³É³õʼ»¯¹Ì¶¨ÏÔʾµÄ¹¦ÄÜprocess(cp,r

18、)beginif r='1' then s<=s0;lcdpt<=0;rst<='1'elsif cp='1' and cp 'event then case s is when s0=> s<=s1;lcdpt<=0;rst<='1' when s1=> rst<='0'strobe<='0' if busy='0' then lcdpt<=lcdpt+1; if lcdpt=7 then s<=s3;

19、 else s<=s2; end if; end if; when s2=> s<=s1;strobe<='1' -s3s4Íê³ÉɨÃèÏÔʾ¹¦ÄÜ-s3:busy=0? :y: lcdptÑ­»·+1 £¬×ªs4-s4:¸ø³östrobeÐÅ&#

20、186;Å£¬×ªs3 when s3=> strobe<='0' if busy='0' then if lcdpt=27 then lcdpt<=7; else lcdpt<=lcdpt+1; end if; s<=s4; end if; when s4=> strobe<='1's<=s3; when others=> null; end case;end if; end process;-Ñ¡Ôñ

21、Êä³ö½ø³Ì(lcdpt)-lcdpt=0,null- =16 ÏÔʾ zb: tm: e 45h,5 w57h,6 s53h,9 n4eh,10process(lcdpt)begincase lcdpt iswhen 0 => null;when 1=> data<="01011010"addr<="1001"outline<='1' -zwhen 2=> data<=&

22、quot;01000010"addr<="1010"outline<='1' -bwhen 3=> data<="00111010"addr<="0100"outline<='1' -:when 4=> data<="01010100"addr<="0010"outline<='1' -twhen 5=> data<="01001101"addr&

23、lt;="0011"outline<='1' -mwhen 6=> data<="00111010"addr<="1011"outline<='1' -:-lcdpt=722 ÏÔʾfs1fs8-lcdpt=2325 ÏÔʾzb/tmwhen 7=>data<="0011"&fs1(7 downto 4);addr<="0000&quo

24、t;outline<='0'when 8=>data<="0011"&fs1(3 downto 0);addr<="0001"outline<='0'when 9=>data<="0011"&fs2(7 downto 4);addr<="0010"outline<='0'when 10=>data<="0011"&fs2(3 downto 0);addr<

25、;="0011"outline<='0'when 11=>data<="0011"&fs3(7 downto 4);addr<="0100"outline<='0'when 12=>data<="0011"&fs3(3 downto 0);addr<="0101"outline<='0'when 13=>data<="0011"&fs4(7

26、 downto 4);addr<="0110"outline<='0'when 14=>data<="0011"&fs4(3 downto 0);addr<="0111"outline<='0'when 15=>data<="0011"&fs5(7 downto 4);addr<="1000"outline<='0'when 16=>data<="00

27、11"&fs5(3 downto 0);addr<="1001"outline<='0'when 17=>data<="0011"&fs6(7 downto 4);addr<="1010"outline<='0'when 18=>data<="0011"&fs6(3 downto 0);addr<="1011"outline<='0'when 19=>

28、;data<="0011"&fs7(7 downto 4);addr<="1100"outline<='0'when 20=>data<="0011"&fs7(3 downto 0);addr<="1101"outline<='0'when 21=>data<="0011"&fs8(7 downto 4);addr<="1110"outline<='

29、;0'when 22=>data<="0011"&fs8(3 downto 0);addr<="1111"outline<='0'when 23=>data<="0011"&tm(7 downto 4);addr<="0101"outline<='1'when 24=>data<="0011"&tm(3 downto 0);addr<="0110"

30、outline<='1'when 25=>data<="0011"&zb(3 downto 0);addr<="1101"outline<='1'when 26=>case teshu is when "01"=> data<="01000110"addr<="1110"outline<='1' -f when "10"=> data<="

31、01000011"addr<="1110"outline<='1' -c when others=> null; end case;when 27=>case teshu is when "01"=> data<="01000111"addr<="1111"outline<='1' -g when "10"=> data<="01010011"addr<="1

32、111"outline<='1' -s when others=> null; end case;when others=> null;end case;end process; end architecture jgt;此模塊采用狀態(tài)機的方法在lcd上按格式顯示搶答器的8個2位bcd碼分數(shù)、搶答的組別、時間。3、主模塊library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;- uncomment the

33、 following library declaration if instantiating- any xilinx primitives in this code.-library unisim;-use unisim.vcomponents.all;entity qdmain1 is port ( teshu : out std_logic_vector (1 downto 0); cpin : in std_logic; keyout : in std_logic_vector (15 downto 0); r : in std_logic; fs1 : out std_logic_v

34、ector (7 downto 0); fs2 : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0); fs3 : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0); fs4 : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0); fs5 : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0); fs6 : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0); fs7 : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0); fs8 : out std_logic_vector (7 down

35、to 0); tm : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0); zb : out std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);end qdmain1;architecture behavioral of qdmain1 issignal kskey:std_logic:='0'signal yida:std_logic:='0'signal jiaflag,jianflag:std_logic;signal cpct : integer range 0 to 4999;signal cp: std_logic;sig

36、nal cp1s : integer range 0 to 999;signal cpcnt: std_logic; signal tm1 : std_logic_vector (7 downto 0); signal zb1 : std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);- signal f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8 : std_logic_vector (7 downto 0); signal fk1,fk2,fk3,fk4,fk5,fk6,fk7,fk8 : std_logic_vector (7 downto 0);begintm<=tm1;z

37、b<=zb1;fs1<=fk1; fs2<=fk2; fs3<=fk3;fs4<=fk4; fs5<=fk5;fs6<=fk6; fs7<=fk7;fs8<=fk8;process(r,cpin)begin if r='1' then cpct<=4999; elsif cpin='1' and cpin 'event then -20mhz if cpct=0 then -cp shi 500us; cpct<=4999;cp<=not cp; else cpct<=cpct

38、-1; end if; end if;end process;process(r,cp)begin if r='1' then cp1s<=0; elsif cp='1' and cp 'event then if cp1s=999 then cp1s<=0; cpcnt<=not cpcnt; -cpcnt shi 1s; else cp1s<=cp1s+1; end if; end if;end process;process(cpin,cpcnt)beginif cpin='1' and cpin '

39、event then if keyout="1000000000000000" then fk1<="00000000" fk2<="00000000" fk3<="00000000"fk4<="00000000" fk5<="00000000" fk6<="00000000"fk7<="00000000" fk8<="00000000" elsif r='1&

40、#39; then yida<='0' kskey<='0' tm1<="00001001" zb1<="0000" teshu<="00" jiaflag<='1' jianflag<='1' else if yida='0' then case keyout is when "0100000000000000"=>kskey<='1' -0 shi kaishi

41、jian when "0000000000000001"=>yida<='1'zb1<="0001" -fk1<=fk1+1; when "0000000000000010"=>yida<='1'zb1<="0010" -fk2<="00000011" when "0000000000000100"=>yida<='1'zb1<="0011"

42、-fk3<="00000011" when "0000000000010000"=>yida<='1'zb1<="0100" -fk4<="00000011" when "0000000000100000"=>yida<='1'zb1<="0101" -fk5<="00000011" when "0000000001000000"=>yida&l

43、t;='1'zb1<="0110" -fk6<="00000011" when "0000000100000000"=>yida<='1'zb1<="0111" -fk7<="00000011" when "0000001000000000"=>yida<='1'zb1<="1000" -fk8<="00000011" -when

44、 "0000001000000000"=>yida<='0'kskey<='0' - 9 qinglingjian when others=>null; end case; if kskey='1' then if cpcnt='1' and cpcnt 'event then if tm1/="00000000" then tm1<=tm1-1; end if; end if; if tm1="00000000" then tesh

45、u<="10" -chao shi end if; end if; else if kskey='0' then teshu<="01" -fan gui if keyout="0010000000000000" then if jianflag='1' then case zb1 is when "0001"=>fk1<=fk1-1; jianflag<='0' when "0010"=>fk2<=fk2

46、-1; jianflag<='0' when "0011"=>fk3<=fk3-1; jianflag<='0' when "0100"=>fk4<=fk4-1; jianflag<='0' when "0101"=>fk5<=fk5-1; jianflag<='0' when "0110"=>fk6<=fk6-1; jianflag<='0' when &q

47、uot;0111"=>fk7<=fk7-1; jianflag<='0' when "1000"=>fk8<=fk8-1; jianflag<='0' when others=>null; end case; end if; end if; else if keyout="0001000000000000" then if jiaflag='1' then case zb1 is when "0001"=>fk1<=fk1+1;jiaflag<='0' when "0010"=>fk2<=fk2+1;jiaflag<='0' when "0011"=>fk3<=fk3+1;jiaflag<='0' when "0100&q