英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法在高考中的應(yīng)用學(xué)案與練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法在高考中的應(yīng)用本課要點(diǎn)：1.各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化2.運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)語(yǔ)境中詞的語(yǔ)義3.通過(guò)理解和掌握構(gòu)詞法擴(kuò)大詞匯量考情分析：1. we drank together and talked _ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考)2.this proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考)3.but jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly

2、ever pleased her father.( 09高考)4.his teacher took a deep drink, smiled _(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考)考點(diǎn)精講：friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. they watched the train until it disappeared in the

3、distance. 英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有三種方法：一合成(compounding):由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞 eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)-housewife(家庭主婦) 二. 轉(zhuǎn)化(conversion):由一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)詞類: eg. water ( n.)水 - water ( v.)澆水 三. 派生(derivation): 通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞: eg. happy- unhappy 加前綴一般不改變?cè)~的 ，只改變其 。 happy- happiness 加后綴改變了原詞的 一合成法：yet, shopkeepers may have to sp

4、end extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. what does the word “shoplifter” mean? a.商店里的小偷 b. 商店里的推銷員c.商店里的老客戶d.商店里的搬運(yùn)工 注意： 請(qǐng)你猜一猜下列劃線的詞的詞義。1.for them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.2.down-t

5、o-earth spirit is a necessity. sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.3.for a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.2 轉(zhuǎn)化法：he is a man with broad shoulders.we will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.nobel ar

6、ranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the nobel prizes.(08高考）觸類旁通：feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free 3 派生法（重點(diǎn)）：（1） 前綴1. 否定前綴：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non- 請(qǐng)為下列單詞找出適當(dāng)?shù)姆穸ㄇ熬Y。balance concern active patient possible understand legal luckypolite regu

7、lar agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair2. 請(qǐng)找出下列單詞的前綴，并討論前綴所含意義retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook superman coeducationsubway subtitle international interview enlarge transport歸納：鞏固練習(xí)：1it would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you cant see him. thus someone w

8、ho says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.what does the word “mispresent ” mean?a.making a wrong judgment aboutb.understanding somebody wronglyc.giving a wrong description ofd.forming a wrong opinion about2.the computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when

9、 the box is full. and a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.3. another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. it is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain(2） 后綴1. 常見(jiàn)的名詞后綴a: 表示人的后綴： b: 其它常見(jiàn)的后綴： 技巧點(diǎn)撥： 動(dòng)詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞后一般接 或動(dòng)名詞,如果所給單詞是其它詞類,就要將其改為 ,并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)

10、詞，名詞，形容詞時(shí)都有可能會(huì)考否定形式，一定要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。(1)his (careful) resulted in the terrible accident (2)he was one of the (visit) who thought highly of tom, their guide.2.常見(jiàn)的形容詞后綴- al ; an ; ern; -ble ; ish ; ive; y; -ful ; - less ly;-ous表示具有的性質(zhì), 或與有關(guān) e.g. practical , american, southern , possible, foolish, native, ra

11、iny, careless，careful3.常見(jiàn)的副詞后綴: - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily-ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards技巧點(diǎn)撥： 動(dòng)詞前后、形容詞前后可有 ，這時(shí)，如果所給詞為形容詞，則需將其變?yōu)楦痹~。如果所給詞為名詞或動(dòng)詞，可先將其變?yōu)樾稳菰~，再加后綴-ly。另外，在答題時(shí)還要考慮副詞級(jí)的變化。名詞前面一般可有形容詞修飾語(yǔ),連系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。如果所需詞為形容詞時(shí),還要考慮形容詞級(jí)的變化。如：(1)the little girl is (extreme）eager to know the result of the exam.(

12、2)what，s the (length)river in the world?(3)the (strength)we become, the more modest we should be.4. 動(dòng)詞后綴: -fy (使化) ; -ize (使成為) ; en(使）寫(xiě)出下列單詞的動(dòng)詞形式。beauty modern deep rich real quick技巧點(diǎn)撥： 動(dòng)詞是句子的靈魂，在確定語(yǔ)法填空的答案時(shí)，要考慮句子中是否有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如果 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，需將所給詞通過(guò)加前綴或后綴變成動(dòng)詞。兩個(gè)en含有使動(dòng)用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1.nowadays m

13、ost aircraft fly highly.2. they can watch lively broadcast ball games at home.3.”we really did very well,” cried the fairy, in a pleasing voice,” for i found little unhappiness among the children this morning.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1.in a word, to save time is _(long) life. to lengthen2.before the trip i thought we we

14、re rich but today i learnt who is _ (true) rich. 3.the race gave a great deal of _(please).(惠一調(diào))4. it was his ninth year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so i was full of _ (angry).(惠二調(diào))5.and viruses, so im very careful not to give out my _ (person) information.(惠三調(diào))6.with th

15、is the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally _ (speech).(廣一模)7. mr chen has taught me english since junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) i decided to get her a present. (廣州二模)8. (fortunate), i then noticed that i had just10 minutes to complete the

16、 rest. (09廣州二模) 9. some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_ (patience). （深一模）10. “thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). （09深一模）11. i must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. 12. you have done well and made great achievement in the (entertain)

17、 field. (惠一模)13. these people have made great _ (contribute) to china with their work.（茂名二模）14.the storm damaged several (new) built buildings,(梅州二模)15.numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). it can help children become creative(四校聯(lián)考)16. they can see plays, films, operas, and s

18、hows of every kind, not to mention the latest _ (excite) football match. （東莞一模）解題心得小結(jié)：介詞，冠詞，所有格后接_；形容詞修飾_；副詞修飾_ 熟悉四會(huì)單詞的意義、拼寫(xiě)和詞性注意1.在做語(yǔ)法填空時(shí)，一定要善于根據(jù)上下文分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子成分，平時(shí)要多積累相關(guān)的單詞，熟悉其詞性，并利用好構(gòu)詞法等技巧。2.最后，要檢查一遍，大小寫(xiě)問(wèn)題，單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題，字母是否缺漏，單詞是否要雙寫(xiě)（e.g. runner）不斷地通過(guò)分析句子來(lái)檢驗(yàn)自己的答案。3.平時(shí)注重培養(yǎng)：閱讀、理解語(yǔ)篇的能力； 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力； 熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法的能力。

19、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí) (1)i hated(1)_(wait) for her for hours without(2)_(know) when on earth she would come. on her(3)_(arrive),she would always hugged me, promising never to be late again. i used to stare at her in(4)_(angry),telling her frankly that her(5) _ (arrive)late made me angry and that i wanted to end our(

20、6)_ (relate).however, she never seemed to be(7)_ (angrily).she told me that she always thought of me as one of her best(8)_ (friendly)and if i left her, that would be a severe(9)_(punish)to her. finally we reached an(10)_(agree)that we would still be good friends, but she mustnt be late again.(2)ann

21、 walked out of the chemical factory, annoyed at her 1 (pleasant)interview with jack, the vice general manager of the factory. ann was told the factory had been pouring waste water directly into the river, making the water 2 (suit)to drink. ann thought it was her duty to 3 (close)the matter and had i

22、t reported in the newspaper. she also thought it was 4 (responsible)jp3for the factory to do so. jack thought it was 5 (proper)and 6 (legal)for ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advance.however, ann regarded it most important to ensure the residents near the factory to

23、drink 7 (pollution)water. she told jack if his factory kept on polluting the river, he was sure to answer for what he had done one day.(3)it was a (1)_(snow)winter sunday. jane sat in her (2) _ (gloom) room, staring at the telephone (3)_ (sad), waiting(4)_ (eager)for a phone call her uncle promised

24、her if he could manage to find her a job. it was almost 11 o，clock, but the phone still remained(5)_(silence).she once told herself that her uncle could do nothing to help her and she thought she had some(6)_(predict)power about such kind of things. however, she still felt it (7) _ (bear)when she as

25、sumed her prediction came true, so she couldnt help weeping. just then, the telephone rang. it was her uncle, telling her the manager of his company agreed to give her a chance because he thought jane was a (8) _(compete)girl to do the work well. imagine how happy jane was at the good news.（4）after

26、the engineer waited for two hours to have the plan(1)_ (approve),he walked out of the mayor，s office into the narrow street, thinking that the administrative formalities must(2)_ (simple)to make things easier, the narrow streets of the city should(3)_(wide) and another theatre should be built (4)_ (

27、rich)people，s life after work. more money should be spend (5)_(industry)the city. besides it was important (6)_(deep)and(7)_(wide) the river so that there would be less flood. just then, he smelt a delicious smell out of a restaurant and he realized he hadnt had anything for ten hours. he then said

28、to himself,“why should i think of all this？am i the mayor？the most important thing i should do now is to eat something.” he(8)_(quick)his steps towards the restaurant.（5）each of us fails from time to time. if we are wise, we accept these(1)_(fail)as a necessary part of the learning process. but all

29、too often(2)_ parents and teachers we do not allow our children to have the same right. we convey either by words(3)_ by actions that failure is something to be ashamed of, and that nothing but top performance meets with our(4)_(approve).when i see a child subject to this kind of pressure, i think o

30、f donnie. he was a shy, nervous perfectionist. his fear of failure(5)_(keep)him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. he seldom answered questions for fear that he would be wrong. he seldom finished his work because he repeatedly checked with me to be sure he hadn，t ma

31、de a(6)_(mistaken).i tried my best to build up his self-confidence. and i repeatedly asked god for(7)_(direct).but nothing changed until midterm,(8)_ mary anne, a young student teacher, was appointed to our classroom. she was young and pretty, and she loved children. many students, donnie(9)_(include),adored her. with her(10)_(encourage),donnie became confident.（6） a father sat at his desk looking