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1、七年級上英語知識預備篇unit1-3一、英文字母 英語中一共有26個英文字母,其中有5個元音字母:aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, 其余的都是輔音字母。二、字母分類:1、含共同音素/ei/的字母有:a,h,j,k2、含共同音素/i:/的字母有:b, c, d, e, g, p, t, v, (z) 3、含共同音素/e/的字母有:f, l,m,n,s,x,z4、含共同音素/ju:/的字母有:q,u,w5、含共同音素/ai/的字母有:i,y6、含共同音素/u/的字母有:o7、含共同音素/:/的字母有:r三、字母寫法:大寫字母a,e,f,h,i都是三筆完成。四、以元音開頭的字母有: aa, e

2、e, ff, hh, ii, ll, mm, nn, oo, rr, ss, xx. (注意:u是以輔音開頭的字母)五、句子的寫法:每句句首的第一個字母必須大寫,句子中單詞的間隔距離最佳為小寫字母a的寬度,句與句之間間隔兩個字母的距離。如:whats your name? my name is jenny.六、英語字母需要大寫的幾種情況:1、在一句話中,第一個單詞首字母要大寫,但是,逗號后面的單詞開頭字母不大寫。如:whats your first name, please?七、重點句型1、當別人說:good morning/afternoon/evening 時,你也應該回答:good mo

3、rning/afternoon/evening2、how are you? 是問你怎么樣,還好嗎?(是熟人,朋友間的問候),回答通常用im fine/ im ok;如果是第一次見面,我們通常用how do you do?回答也只能用how do you do?3、whats this in english?是問:在英語中,這是什么事物?回答用:its a +以輔音開頭的名詞短語;或用 its an +以元音開頭的名詞短語。4、what color is this +事物?是問:這個事物是什么顏色?回答用:its + 顏色正式篇unit 1 my names gina.一、知識點:1、am, i

4、s, are統(tǒng)稱為be動詞。不同人物要用不同的be動詞。第一人稱單數(shù)i用am,第二人稱單數(shù)you用are,第三人稱單數(shù)he, she, it,具體某人如tom以及指示代詞this, that等用is,所有復數(shù)人稱用are。可按下面口訣記憶:我(i)用am,你(you)用are,單數(shù)is,復數(shù)are;is用于他、她、它。2、同義句:(1)my name is jenny.= im jenny.(2)your name is jim.= you are jim.(3)his name is alan.= he is alan.(4)her name is marry.= she is marry.

5、3、what 疑問詞,問“什么東西,什么事,干什么,吃什么,電話號碼是多少”等等。e.g. (1) my name is li lei. what is your name? (2) this is a black pen. what is this? (3) her telephone number is 70706655. what is her telephone number?注意:對劃線部分提問的常用結構為:“疑問詞+原句的一般疑問句形式 ?” 4、what color 疑問詞,問“什么顏色”。e.g. this pen is red. what color is this pen?

6、 5、 nice to meet you! 回答 nice to meet you, too! (常用于初次見面時) nice to see you! 回答 nice to see you, too! (常用于多次見面時)6、注意英文名與中文名的區(qū)別: 英文名是:名在前,姓在后;中文名是:姓在前,名在后。e.g. jim green huang shaohuafamily name = last name 姓 first name = given name 名unit 2 is this your pencil?一、重點句型:a: excuse me, whats this in englis

7、h? b: its an eraser. a: how do you spell it? b: e-r-a-s-e-r. a: is this your eraser? b: no, it isnt. its her eraser. 二、知識點:1、 is this your eraser? 這是一個一般疑問句,一般疑問句就是用yes和no來回答的句子。將含有be(is, am, are)動詞的肯定句變成一般疑問句時,直接把be(is, am, are)動詞提到句首,并大寫第一個字母。不過要注意,i am . 通常要變成are you.? e.g.(1) that is his pencil.

8、 is that his pencil? (作肯定回答)yes, it is. (作否定回答)no, it isnt.(2) these are her parents. are these her parents? (作肯定回答)yes,they are. (作否定回答)no, they arent.(3) i am a good boy. are you a good boy?(作肯定回答)yes, i am. (作否定回答)no, im not.2、 whats this in english? 這是一個特殊疑問句,回答用its a / an 特殊疑問句就是以疑問詞開頭的句子。通常把肯定

9、句變成一般疑問句的結構為: “疑問詞+肯定句的一般疑問句形式 ?”即是經(jīng)常考的“對劃線部分提問題”。 e.g. his english book is green. what color is his english book?3、how do you spell it /”book”? 你怎樣拼寫它 / “書”這個單詞?回答時直接拼寫這個單詞。how疑問詞,問“怎樣,身體狀況怎樣,干得、吃得、過得怎樣等等”。 e.g.(1) his mother is fine / well. how is his mother?(2) runners eat well. how does runners?

10、5、excuse me 請原諒,打擾了(這是一句客套話,用于與陌生人答話、打斷別人說話等場合。)6、本單元所學的短語:(1)call alan at 4953539 用4953539給安娜打電話 call + 某人+ at + 電話號碼: 用電話號碼給某人打電話 call = telephone = phone (動詞)打電話(2)in the lost and found case 在失物招領箱里(3)a school id card 一張學生證(4)call / telephone / phone + 某人: 給某人打電話(5)a set of keys一串鑰匙 two sets of k

11、eys 兩串鑰匙unit 3 this is my sister一、重點句型:1、a: this is mary. b: is she your sister? a: no, she isnt. she is my friend. b: are these your parents? a: yes, they are. 2、this is my friend. 復數(shù)句 these are my friends.3、that is my brother. 復數(shù)句 those are my brothers.4、句型回答:(1) is this your sister / mary? yes, i

12、t / she is. no, it / she isnt.(2) is that your brother / jim? yes, it / he is. no, it / he isnt.(3) is he / jim your brother? yes, he is. no, he isnt.(4) is she / alan your friend? yes, she is. no, she isnt.(5) are they / these your parents? yes, they are. no, they arent.(6) are they / those your fr

13、iends? yes, they are. no, they arent.二、知識點:1、介紹他人常用的句型:(1) this is -.(介紹一個人) these are -.(介紹幾個人)(2) that is -.(介紹一個人) those are -.(介紹幾個人)2、parent = father or mother parents = father and mother grandparent = grandfather or grandmother grandparents = grandfather and grandmother father = dad = daddy mo

14、ther = mom = mommyuncle = fathers or mothers brotheraunt = fathers or mothers sistercousin = uncles or aunts daughter / son3、本單元所學的短語:(1)thanks for + 某事 = thank you for + 某事:因為某事而感謝你(2)a photo of your / my family = your / my family photo 你的 / 我的一張全家福(3)two photos of your family 你的兩張全家福 (4)my two bro

15、thers 我的兩個兄弟4、寫信的格式:a、 稱呼(頂格寫)b、 正文 c、結尾 d、簽名5、附:代詞表數(shù)人稱人稱代詞主格人稱代詞賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞單數(shù)1 i memyminemyself2youyouyouryoursyouself3hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復數(shù)1weusouroursourselves2youyouyouryoursyourselves3theythemtheirtheirsthemselves使用注意:(1)人稱代詞的主格放在動詞之前,在句中作主語;(2)人稱代詞的

16、賓格放在動詞和介詞之后,作賓語;(3)形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨使用,它后面必須跟名詞,在形容詞性物主代詞與名詞之間還可以用形容詞。e.g. my english book 我的英語書(4)在物主代詞之前或之后都不能加冠詞a, an, the或指示代詞this, that, these, those等。e.g. 我們只能說my book, my pens;而不能說my a / the book; my these pens; these my pens.6、所給代詞或根據(jù)漢語意思的適當形式填空。(1) is _ bike red or black?(he) (2) _ play sports e

17、very day. (my)(3) _ uncle has a nice car. ( i ) (4) are _ miss gao? (your)(5) _clean_room every day.(our) (6) is this _ book?(he)(7) _ is my uncle.(his) (8) _ is my aunt.(her)(9) these are _ notebooks.(you) (10) let _ play basketballs.(we)(11) he only watches _ on tv.(they) (12) let _ help you.(我)(1

18、3) -are _ your friends? -yes, _ are.(他們的)(14)-is _ father a teacher? -no, _ isnt.(他的)(15)-wheres my pen? -_ is in your pencil case.(它的)(16) these are my pencils. _ pencils are in the backpack.(她)unit 4 wheres my backpack?一、重點句型:1、-wheres the backpack? -its under the table.2、-where are your books? -t

19、heyre in my backpack.3、-are the keys on the dresser? -yes, they are. / no, theyre not.4、a: wheres my backpack? b; i dont know. is it under the table? a: no, it isnt. its on the dresser. 二、知識點:1、where 疑問詞,問地點、位置,表“在哪里”。 e.g. these pens are in the pencil case. -where are these pens?2、介詞: in(在-里面) on(在

20、-上面) under(在-里面) behind(在-后面) next to(挨著-) between(在-之間)of(-的) for(為了,由于,因為,對于) at (在-)from(從,從-起) to(朝,對,向) 3、i dont know.= i have no idea. 我不知道。4、bring與 take: bring 帶來,拿來 表“把某人或某物從別處帶到說話人這兒來”; take 帶走,拿走 表“把某人或某物從說話人這兒帶到別處去”。 e.g. please bring your photos to school.please take these things to your

21、 sister. bring + 某人 / 某物+ to + 地點 / 人 :把某人 / 某物帶到某地 / 某人這里來。 take+ 某人 / 某物+ to + 地點 / 人 :把某人 / 某物帶到某地 / 某人那里去。5、can 情態(tài)動詞, 后面必須接動詞原形,其句型變換同be動詞。6、some和any (1)相同點: 都是“一些”之意,都即可修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。(2)不同點:some 常用于肯定句中,但也可用于表“請求、建議”的疑問句中;而any常用于否定句或疑問句中。因此,在句型轉換中,將含有some的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時,要把some改成any.e.g. (1)

22、 there are some books on the desk. there arent any books on the desk.(否定句)are there any books on the desk?(一般疑問句) (2) can you bring some things to school?unit5一、重點句型:a: lets play soccer. b: that sounds good. a: do you have a soccer ball? b: no, i dont. but i have two tennis rackets. a: well, lets pl

23、ay tennis. b: that sounds interesting. 二、知識點:1、助動詞do和does的用法:(1)do與第一、二人稱單、復數(shù)和第三人稱復數(shù)主語連用,用于否定句(do not = dont)或疑問句中(do),以do開頭的一般疑問句,作肯定或否定回答時要用do.e.g. do you play soccer? -yes, i do. / no, i dont.(2)does與第三人稱單數(shù)主語連用,用于否定句(does not = doesnt)或疑問句(does)中,以does開頭的一般疑問句,作肯定或否定回答時要用does. e.g. does your brot

24、her have a basketball? - yes, he does. / no he does.2、一般現(xiàn)在時:表示經(jīng)常、反復發(fā)生的事情和存在的狀態(tài)。句型構成: 肯定句:主語(不是第三人稱單數(shù))+ 動詞原形 + 其它。主語(為第三人稱單數(shù)) +動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式(動詞 + s /es)+ 其它。否定句:主語(不是第三人稱單數(shù))+ dont + 動詞原形 + 其它。 主語(為第三人稱單數(shù))+ doesnt + 動詞原形 + 其它。一般疑問句: do + 主語(不是第三人稱單數(shù))+ 動詞原形 + 其它? does + 主語(為第三人稱單數(shù))+ 動詞原形 + 其它?回答:yes,主語+do

25、 /does. no,主語+ dont /doesnt.注意:在以上的幾種句型中,只有肯定句中的主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞才加s或es,其余的句型(如否定句,疑問句)中的動詞都用原形。eg: i have a book. she has a book 否: i dont have a book. 否:she doesnt have a book.疑問:do you have a book? 疑問:does she have a book?yes,i do. no, i dont. yes,she does. no, she doesnt.3、如何變否定句和一般疑問句。一、當句中有be( is;

26、 am; are) 和情態(tài)動詞( can; may; must; could)時,我們變否定句時,則直接在這些詞的后面加否定詞not; 變一般問句時,直接將這些詞提到句首,并大寫第一個字母(注意記住習慣變法:i am -. are you-? 即:第一人稱變成第二人稱)。 e.g. jim is playing football now.jim isnt (is not) playing football now.(否定句)is jim playing football now? (一般問句)二、當肯定句的謂語動詞結構中既沒有be動詞,也沒有情態(tài)動詞時,我們就只觀察肯定句中的實義動詞:(1)當

27、肯定句中的實義動詞用了原形,變否定句時,直接在主語后面加dont (或do not);變一般問句時,直接在主語的前面加do (即在句首加do)。 e.g. they often play football after class. they dont often play football after class.(否定句) do they often play football after class?(一般問句)(2)當肯定句中的實義動詞用了第三人稱單數(shù)(即動詞后常加s/es 且has除外),變否定句時,直接在主語后加doesnt (或does not),同時把動詞還成原形;變一般問句時,

28、直接在主語前面加does, 同時把動詞還成原形。 e.g. she always goes to school by bike. she doesnt always go to school bike.(變否定句) does she always go to school bike?(變一般問句)4、直接以動詞開頭的句子祈使句?!發(fā)ets +動詞原形”就是祈使句。e.g. lets play basketball. “l(fā)ets +動詞原形”是提建議,對此句型的回答常用:(肯定)that sounds good. / interesting. / boring. / fun.(否定)no, i

29、dont.5、many只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),表“許多的” =lots of =a lot ofmuch只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表“許多的” many books = lots of books = a lot of booksmuch food = lots of food = a lot of food6、but和and but意思為“但是”,表轉折關系;and意思為“和”,表并列關系,常用于肯定句中。e.g. i like english, but i dont like chinese. he likes soccer, and i like soccer, too.7、短語:(1) 以pl

30、ay引導的短語:play basketball打籃球 play soccer踢足球 play volleyball打排球 play tennis打網(wǎng)球 play ping-pong打乒乓球 play baseball打棒球注意:球類、棋類名詞前一般不用冠詞,因此,play引導的以上短語中不能有冠詞。 play computer games打電子游戲 play sports做運動,進行體育活動(2) a sports club一個運動俱樂部 a school sports club 一個學校運動俱樂部(3) a sports collection一批運動收藏品 (4) a tennis rack

31、et 一把網(wǎng)球拍(5) a ping-pong bat 一副乒乓球拍 (6) a soccer ball 一個足球(7) every day 每天 (8) watch tv看電視(9) watch them on tv在電視上看它們unit 6一、重點句型:a: what do you like for dinner? b: i like broccoli. a: do you like tomatoes? b: no, i dont. i dont like tomatoes or carrots. a: does your father like carrots? b: yes, he d

32、oes. 二、知識點:1、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的規(guī)則:(1) 一般的名詞后加s; book - books(2)以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞后加es; class classes box boxes watch- watches(3)以o結尾的名詞,有生命的加es; tomato - tomatoes 無生命的加s; photo- photos(4)以“輔音字母+y”結尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es. family families2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式,也不能在其前面加a / an或數(shù)量詞,能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語有:some, any, lots of, a lot of, mu

33、ch等。本單元所學的不可數(shù)名詞有: broccoli(花椰菜) ice(冰) ice cream (冰淇淋) salad (沙拉)chicken(雞肉) orange(桔汁) rice(米飯) meat(肉) soup(湯) bread(面包)3、have和eathave 既可以指“吃”,也可指“喝”;eat通常作“吃”講,指吃具體的食物,但有時也有“喝” 的意思,主要指漢語中所說的“喝湯”(eat soup)。4、短語:(1)have breakfast 吃早飯 (2)have lunch 吃午飯 (3)have dinner / supper 吃晚飯(注意:三餐名詞前常不用冠詞)(4)a

34、running star一位賽跑明星 (5)healthy food 健康食品(6)have / eat healthy food吃健康食品(7)have +食物 + for breakfast / lunch / dinner早飯 / 午飯 / 晚飯吃-食物(8) a list of food 一則食物清單unit7一、重點句型:a: can i help you? b: yes, please. i want a sweater a: what color do you want? b: blue. a: here you are. b: how much is it? a: 20 dol

35、lars. b: ill take it. thank you. a: youre welcome. 二、知識點:1、how much單獨使用時,是“多少錢”的意思,問“價格”,相當于“whats the price of + 事物?”,注意:price是“價格”的意思,要說“以-價格”時,要介詞at, 如:at the priece of sth. 在談論價格高低時,我們只能用high / low.e.g. how much is this t-shirt? = whats the price of this t-shirt?how much are these socks? = whats

36、 the price of these socks?“ how much不可數(shù)名詞” 對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問?!癶ow many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問。e.g. i have some meat every day. how much meat do you have every day? i have two apples every day. how many apples do you have every day?用many, much填空。lhow _ people are there in your family?lhow _ is this jacket?lther

37、e is not _ water there.lhow _ water do you want?lhe has _ new story books.lthere are _ cars and buses in the street.lin the past fifty years or so, scientists have found _ “new” stars.lthere is not_ rain in sping in beijing.lthere are so _ books to read and so _ work to do.2、購物用語: (1) can i help you

38、 ? = what can i do for you ?(這是一句服務用語,常用在服務員口中。) 其回答通常為: 肯定回答:yes, please. i want / i want 否定回答:no, thanks.(2) here you are. 給你。(指當別人向你要東西或借東西,你把東西遞給別人時常用此語。)(3) ill take it / them. = i will buy / get it / them.我將要買它 / 它們。(4) thank you . /thanks.(5)you are welcome. = thats ok. = thats all right. = n

39、ot at all. 不用謝。3、each的用法:each可以單獨使用,但常用于句末;each也可作形容詞,但只能修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),each 還可以和of連用,后面要接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 e.g. each book has a good price.each of these boys has a nice hat.4、look, see, watch的區(qū)別: look 看 指“看”的動作;通常接賓語時需要加介詞at. see 看見,看到 通常指“看”的結果,“看電影”中的“看”可以用see來表示,一般不用進行時態(tài)。 watch 觀看, 注視 常指較長時間集中注意力地觀看,或注視正在運動中的人或物。如“看電視”“看比賽”等。 e.g. (1) _ at the blackboard. (2) he _ tv every day. (3) i can

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