給排水專業(yè)英語匯總

1、 UNIT 1給水工程 water supply engineering排水工程 sewage engineering市政工程 civil engineering市政工程師 civil engineer 環(huán)境工程 environmental engineering 水文學(xué) hydrology 水力學(xué) hydranlies 水環(huán)境 natural aquatic environment 流域 watershed 水體 waterbody 地表水 surface water 淡水 freshwater 地下水 groundwater 含水層 aquifer 天然含水層 natural aquife

2、r 地下含水層 underground aquifer 水文循環(huán) natural hydrologic cycle 滲濾 infiltration 降水 precipitation 滲入 precolation 蒸發(fā) evaporation 蒸騰 transpiration 城市水文循環(huán) urban hydrologic cycle 水源 water source 水資源 water resource 取水 water withdrawal 水處理 water treatment 配水 water distribution 用水 water use 污水 sewage 廢水 wastewate

3、r 廢水收集 wastewater collection 廢水處理 wastewater disposal 受納水體 receiving waters 污染 pollution pollute 污染物 pollutant 玷污、污染 contamination 致污物 contaminant 未污染 uncontaminated 水污染 water pollution 水污染控制 water pollution control 水污染防治 water pollution prevention 污水回用 wastewater reuse UNIT 2 水短缺 water scarcity 地表水

4、資源 surface water resource 管網(wǎng) Pipe Network 供水系統(tǒng) water supply system 市政配水系統(tǒng) municipal distribution system 建筑給水系統(tǒng)house water supply system 分區(qū)供水系統(tǒng) dual distribution system 小區(qū) micro district 小社區(qū) small community 冷水供水系統(tǒng) cold water supply system 熱水供水系統(tǒng) hot water supply system 消防系統(tǒng) fire protection system 噴淋系

5、統(tǒng) fire protection sprinkler system 自動水幕系統(tǒng) automatic drencher system 半自動水幕系統(tǒng) semi automatic drencher system 消火栓 hydrant 排水系統(tǒng) drainage system 生活排水系統(tǒng) sanitary system 工業(yè)排水系統(tǒng) industrial system 雨水排水系統(tǒng) stormwater system 合流制 combined sewers 分流制 separate sewers 建筑排水系統(tǒng) building drainage system 衛(wèi)生潔具 plumbing f

6、ixtures 衛(wèi)浴設(shè)備 bathroom fixtures 輸水系統(tǒng) water transmission system 漏水率 leakage rate 配水系統(tǒng) water distribution system 環(huán)狀管網(wǎng) grid (looped)system 支狀管網(wǎng) branching(branched) system 下水管道 sanitary sewer 污水節(jié)流管 intercepting(中間截取) sewer 污水節(jié)流系統(tǒng) intercepting sewer system 污水節(jié)流井 sewage intercepting well 支管 collection (目的：

7、收集)sewer collector sewer 生活污水 sanitary sewage domestic sewage domestic wastewater 工業(yè)污水 industrial wastewater 工業(yè)污水/液/物 industrial wastes 農(nóng)業(yè)用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水 rainwater stormwater 水位 waterlevel 海拔、標(biāo)高 elevation 坡度 grade 傾斜度 slope 明渠 Open channel 開挖 excavation 深度 excavation depth 水力分析

8、hydraulic analysis 水頭 pressure head 總水頭 total headUnit 3水頭損失 Head loss速度頭 動壓頭 Velocity head靜壓 Static head摩擦水頭 Friction head水力坡度線 Hydranlic grade line重力流 Gravity flow水塔 Water castle貯水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station給水泵站 Water pump station污水泵站 Sewage station提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增壓泵 Booster pump離心泵 Centrifug

9、al pump潛水泵 Submer sible pump潛水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸 虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法蘭 Flange閥門 Valve閘閥 Gate valve泵送系統(tǒng) Pumping system流量 Flow rate流速 Fluid velocity層流 Laminar flow滯流 粘性流 viscous flow過渡流 Transitional flow湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow渦流 Eddying flow雷諾數(shù) Teynolds number水質(zhì) Water guality水源 Wa

10、ter sources供水水源 Water supples原水 Raw water未處理水 Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水質(zhì) Raw-water quality水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Water quality standards水質(zhì)要求 Water quality requirements飲用水 Drink waterpotable water自來水 Tap water純水 Pure water飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Drinking water standards飲用水一級標(biāo)Primary drinking water standards最大允許濃度 Maxmum permi

11、ssible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物濃度 Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物 Primary contaminants有機(jī)化合物 Organic chemicals合成有機(jī)化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals無機(jī)化合物 Inorganic chemical微生物 Micro organismsmicrobes微生物污染 Microbial contaminants病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms病

12、原體 Pathogenic病毒 Pathogenic bacterin細(xì)菌 Bacteria大腸桿菌 Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻類 Algae濁度 Turbidity放射性 Radionuclide感官性狀 Esthetic qualities審美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour變色 Discolouration變色 Discolor水質(zhì)物理參數(shù) Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性質(zhì) Physical quality of water濁度值 Turbidity values濁度單位 Turd

13、idity unit渾濁單位 Turdid嗅閾值 Threshold odor number化學(xué)性質(zhì) Chemical quality水質(zhì)化學(xué)參數(shù)Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧濃度 Do level溶解氧平衡 Do balance氧損 Oxygen depletion有機(jī)污染物 Organic pollutant生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)總氮 Total nitrogen (TN)總凱式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)懸

14、浮固體 Suspended solids (SS)總懸浮固體 Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解 Dissolved (DS)總?cè)芙?Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的鐵和錳 Dissolved iron and manganese 硬度 Hardness 堿度 Alkalinity鹽度 Salinity有害物質(zhì) Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物 Cyanides 急性毒性 Acute toxity慢性毒性 Chronic toxity基因毒性 Genetic toxicity基因 Gene難降解有機(jī)化合物 R

15、efractory organic chemicals永久性有機(jī)污染物 Persistent organic pollutants致癌化學(xué)性 Carcinogenic chemicals三鹵甲烷 Trihalo methanes鹵素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane三氯甲烷 Chloroform殺蟲劑 農(nóng)藥 Pesticide害蟲 Pest殺蟲劑 Insecticide除草劑 Herbicide殺菌劑 Germicide細(xì)菌 Germ防腐劑 Preservative保證 Preserve清洗劑 Cleaning agent洗滌劑 Detergent發(fā)泡劑

16、Foaming agent 泡沫 Foam化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富營養(yǎng)化 Eutrophication營養(yǎng)的 Trophic營養(yǎng)水平 Trophic level生態(tài)位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage原廢水 Raw wastes處理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水處理過程 Water processing收集 Collect處置 Dispose處理方法 Treatment method處理費(fèi)用 Treatment costs處理單元 Treatment process運(yùn)行模式 Operational mode間歇

17、處理方式 Batch treatment approach均勻 均化 Equalization均勻 Equalize調(diào)蓄水池 Equalization storage調(diào)節(jié)池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank 降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分離 Separate隔離 Separation物理法 Physical process物理處理 Physical treatment物理處理過程 Physical treatment process一級處理 Primary treatment初步處理 Preliminary treatment格柵 篩濾 Scr

18、eening格柵 Screen格柵 Bar screen柵條 Bars鋼柵條 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圓形破碎機(jī) Circular grinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池 Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary settling tank 一級出水 Primary effluent二級處理 Secondary treatment二級處理工藝 Seconda

19、ry treatment process生物處理 Biological treatment二澄清池 Secondary clarifier 二沉池 Secondary settling tank最終澄清池 Final clarifier最終沉淀池 Final settling tank 二級出水 Secondary effluent三級處理 Tertiary treatment深度處理 Advanced treatment廢水消毒 Waste disinfection出流 出水 Effluent flow允許濃度 Allowable levels優(yōu)異出水 High-quality polish

20、ed effluent廢水處理廠 Wastewater treatment plant污水處理廠 Sewage treatment plant二級處理廠 Secondary treatment plant城市污水處理 Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering土木工程 Civil engineering城市污水處理廠 Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水處理能力 Sewage treatment capacity電容 Capacitance污水處理設(shè)施 Municipal treatm

21、ent facilities多反應(yīng)器設(shè)施 Multi-reactor facility處理池 Treatment tank負(fù)荷 Load負(fù)荷 Loadings水力負(fù)荷 Hydrautic loading污染負(fù)荷 Pollutant load有機(jī)負(fù)荷 Organic load無機(jī)負(fù)荷 Inorganic load不含化肥、農(nóng)藥 無機(jī)的 Unorganic周期性負(fù)荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分： 物化處理1混凝 n. coagulation 混凝過程 coagulation process 化學(xué)混凝 chemical coagulation凝聚 n. ag

22、gregation 絮凝 n. flocculation v. flocculate異向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 混凝劑 n. coagulant 混凝劑投量 coagulant dosage 燒杯實(shí)驗(yàn) jar test最佳混凝劑投量 optimum coagulant dosage 助凝劑 coagulant aid 助凝劑 flocculation aid 聚電解質(zhì) n. polyelectrolytes 快速混合 flash-mix , rapid-mix 快速混合器 flash mixer ,ra

23、pid mixer 混合池 mixer tank 快速混合池 flash-mix tank絮凝器 n. flocculator 絮凝池 flocculation tank 固體接觸池 solids-contact tank 澄清 n. clarification v. clarify 澄清池 n. clarifier 高負(fù)荷澄清池 high rate clarifier 澄清水 clarifying water2沉淀 n. sedimentation 沉降 n. sedimentation 自由沉降 plain settling 擁擠沉降 hindered settling 重力沉降 grav

24、ity settling 沉淀池 settling tank 沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank 矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank 圓形沉淀池 circular settling tank 管式沉淀池 tube settler 斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池 plate separator 氣浮 n. floatation 泡沫分離 foam separation溶氣氣浮 dissolved-air floatation氣浮池 floatat

25、ion tank 表面撇渣裝置 surface-skimming device 撇去 v. skim 浮渣 n. scum 浮渣槽 scum trough 刮泥機(jī) sludge scraper排泥 sludge drawoff sludge withdrawal 預(yù)沉淀 n. presedimentation 預(yù)沉淀池 presedimentation basin3過濾 n. filtration 濾池 n. filter 慢濾池 slow filter 快濾池 rapid filter 高速（負(fù)荷）濾池 high rate filter砂濾池 sand filter 慢砂濾池 slow sa

26、nd filter 快砂濾池 rapid sand filter 重力濾池 gravity filter 壓力濾池 pressure filter 過濾介質(zhì)，濾料 filter medium 石英砂 silica sand無煙煤 n. anthracite硅藻土 diatomaceous earth煤砂濾床 coal-sand beds多層濾料 multilayered media混合濾料 mixed media雙層濾料濾池 dual media filter雙層濾池 two-layer filter粗濾料 coarse media細(xì)濾料 fine media助濾劑 filter aid 濾后

27、水，濾出水 filtered water 濾后水，濾池出水 filter effluent 濾前水，濾池進(jìn)水 filter influent 濁度穿透 turbidity breakthrough 過濾周期 filter cycle 清洗周期 cleaning cycle 刮砂法 scraping method 表面刮砂 surface scraping 反沖洗 backwashing 水力反沖洗 hydraulic backwashing 水力反沖洗 hydraulic backwash 水力分級 hydraulic grading4消毒 n. disinfection v. disinfe

28、ct消毒劑 n. disinfectant disinfection agent殺菌劑 n. germicide 消毒過程 disinfection process 消毒副產(chǎn)物 disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorination v. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water預(yù)氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副產(chǎn)物 by-products of chlorination化學(xué)消毒劑 chemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine , liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chlo

29、ramines次氯酸鹽 hypochlorites次氯酸鈉 sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外線 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽馬射線 gamma radiation滅活 n. inactivation v. inactivate接觸時(shí)間 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage , applied chlorine自由氯，游離氯 free chlori

30、ne , free available chlorine化合氯 combined chlorine剩余保護(hù) residual protection余氯 residual chlorine余氯量 chlorine residual自由余氯 free residual chlorine自由氯余量 free chlorine residual化合余氯 combined residual chlorine化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals折點(diǎn)氯化（法） breakpoint chlorination折點(diǎn)氯化曲線 breakpoint chlorination curve

31、折點(diǎn)加氯量 breakpoint dosage氯折點(diǎn) chlorine breakpoint壓力鋼瓶 pressured steel cylinder臭氧發(fā)生器 ozone generator需臭氧量 ozone demand剩余臭氧量 ozone residual剩余臭氧 residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原體 n. pathogens致病細(xì)菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses細(xì)菌 n. bacteria大腸桿菌 coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts孢子，

32、芽孢 n. spores病毒 n. viruses藻類 n. algae 原生動物 n. protozoa5氧化 n. oxidation 還原 n. reduction 氧化劑 n. oxidant 強(qiáng)氧化劑 strong oxidizing agent 高級氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高級氧化工藝 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高級氧化過程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高級氧化技術(shù) (AOT) advanced oxidation technology6吸附 n. ads

33、orption 活性炭 (AC) activated carbon 粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon 粒狀炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon 顆粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon 活性炭纖維 (ACF) activated carbon fiber 再生 n. regeneration v. regenerate 吸附劑 n. adsorbent 吸附質(zhì) n. adsorbate 吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column 吸附床 adsorption bed 空床接觸時(shí)間 emp

34、ty bed contact time 吸附帶 mass transfer zone 快速小柱試驗(yàn) rapid small scale column test 生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon7離子交換 n. ion exchange 離子交換樹脂 ion exchange resin 離子交換器 ion exchanger 離子交換柱 ion exchange column 硬度 n. hardness除硬 hardness removal 軟化 n. softening v. soften 化學(xué)軟化 chemical softening 沉淀軟

35、化 precipitation softening 除鹽，脫鹽 n. desaltinationv. desalt 去礦化 n. demineralization v. demineralize離子交換軟化法 ion exchange softening process 離子交換除鹽法 ion exchange desalting process 復(fù)床 combined bed 混合床 mixed bed8膜分離 membrane separation微濾 n. microfiltration超濾 n. hyperfiltration納濾 n. nanofiltration反滲透 revers

36、e osmosis滲透 n. osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membrane電滲析 n. electrodialysis滲析 n. dialysis9其它處理方法中和 n. neutralization v. neutralize 酸性廢水 acidic wastes化學(xué)沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀軟化 precipitation softening電解 n. electrolysis電除鹽 (EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脫、汽提法 n. stripping冷卻 n. cooling冷卻水 cooling water冷卻

37、塔 cooling tower第六部分 生物處理 生物反應(yīng)器 n. bioreactor微生物 n. microorganismsn. microbes 微生物種群 microbial population 混合群落 mixed communities 細(xì)菌 n. bacteria 原生動物 n. protozoa 真菌 n. fungi輪蟲 n. rotifers 生長 n. growth 繁殖 n. reproduction 世代時(shí)間 generation time 生長速率 growth rates 環(huán)境因子 environmental factors生態(tài)因子 ecological fa

38、ctors 微生物生長動力學(xué) microbial growth kinetics1. 遲滯期 lag phase2. 對數(shù)生長期 exponential-growth phase3. 減速生長期 decling growth phase 穩(wěn)定期 stationary phase4. 內(nèi)源呼吸階段 endogenous stage 內(nèi)源生長期 endogenous growth phase 內(nèi)源呼吸 endogenous respiration 底物，基質(zhì) n. substrate 底物（基質(zhì)）利用 substrate utilization 生物量 n. biomass 生物反應(yīng) biolog

39、ical reaction 生物氧化 biological oxidation 生物降解 n. biodegradation 生物降解性 n. biodegradability 生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable 不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable 生物處理 biological treatment廢水生物處理 biological wastewater treatment 廢水生物處理系統(tǒng) biological wastewater treatment system污水生物處理系統(tǒng) biological sewage treatment syst

40、em 生物處理法 biological treatment process生物處理裝置 biological treatment unit串聯(lián) in series 懸浮生長處理法 suspended-growth treatment processes 生物固體 biological solids 活性污泥 activated sludge 附著生長處理法 attached-growth treatment processes 附著的微生物 attached microbes 微生物附著生長 attached microbial growth 生物膜 n. biofilm 代謝 n. meta

41、bolism v. metabolize穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定化 n. stabilization v. stabilize 生物代謝 biological metabolism 微生物代謝 microbial metabolism 好氧的 a. aerobic 好氧菌 aerobic bacteria 好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation厭氧的 a. anaerobic厭氧菌 anaerobic bacteria 厭氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation 兼性的 a. facultative 兼性菌 facultative bac

42、teria 好氧環(huán)境 aerobic environment厭氧環(huán)境 anaerobic environment營養(yǎng)物 n. nutrients 無機(jī)營養(yǎng)物 inorganic nutrients 營養(yǎng)物去除 nutrient removal 營養(yǎng)物生物去除biological nutrient removal 脫氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化 biological nitrification硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脫氮 biological denitrification生物除磷 biological ph

43、osphorus removal1活性污泥法 activated sludge process 微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes 細(xì)菌 n. bacteria 生物絮體 biological floc 微生物絮體 microbial floc 活性污泥 activated sludge 絮狀活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge 回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge 回流污泥 returned sludge 回流污泥 recycled sludge 剩余污泥 excess sludge 廢活性污

44、泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge 廢污泥 waste sludge 曝氣池 aeration tank 曝氣池 aeration basin 曝氣池 aeration chamber 完全混合曝氣池 completely mixed aeration basin 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank 曝氣 n. aeration 混合 n. mixing 曝氣系統(tǒng) aeration system 曝氣器 n. aerator 壓縮空氣 compressed air 空氣壓縮機(jī)，空壓機(jī) air compressor 鼓風(fēng)機(jī)，風(fēng)機(jī) n. blower

45、循環(huán)/切換 n. cycling/switchover 擴(kuò)散裝置，擴(kuò)散器 n. diffuser 空氣擴(kuò)散裝置，空氣擴(kuò)散器 air diffuser 鼓泡空氣擴(kuò)散裝置（擴(kuò)散器） bubble air diffuser 微氣泡擴(kuò)散裝置（擴(kuò)散器） fine-bubble diffuser 擴(kuò)散板 plate diffuser擴(kuò)散管 tube diffuser擴(kuò)散罩 dome diffuser微氣泡擴(kuò)散曝氣 fine-bubble diffused aeration微氣泡 fine-bubble大氣泡 coarse-bubble 靜態(tài)混合器 static mixer 機(jī)械曝氣系統(tǒng) mechanica

46、l aeration systems 機(jī)械曝氣 mechanical aeration表面曝氣 surface aeration表面曝氣器 surface aerator需氧量 oxygen demand供氣量 air supply氧轉(zhuǎn)移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固體 settleable solids揮發(fā)性固體 volatile solids非揮發(fā)性固體 nonvolatile solids揮發(fā)性懸浮固體 (VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液 mixed liquor 混合液懸浮固體 (MLSS) mixed liquor

47、suspended solids 混合液揮發(fā)性懸浮固體 (MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids 污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity 污泥容積指數(shù) (SVI) sludge volume index 比耗氧速率 (SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate 污泥齡 sludge age 曝氣池容積 aeration tank volume曝氣時(shí)間 aeration period曝氣時(shí)間 aeration time水力停留時(shí)間 (HRT) hydraulic residence time 水力負(fù)荷

48、hydraulic loading BOD負(fù)荷 BOD loading 普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 傳統(tǒng)活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)活性污泥法 standard activated sludge process 傳統(tǒng)活性污泥廠 conventional activated sludge plant 階段曝氣活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process 分段 v. step 進(jìn)水負(fù)荷 influent load 分段進(jìn)水 step

49、 loading 漸減 v. taper 漸減曝氣 tapered aeration 接觸穩(wěn)定活性污泥法 contact stabilization activated sludge process 再曝氣 n. reaeration 曝氣沉淀再曝氣 aeration-sedimentation-reaeration 完全好氧處理法 complete aerobic treatment process 高負(fù)荷（完全混合）活性污泥法 high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process 延時(shí)曝氣活性污泥法 extended aeration

50、activated sludge process 延時(shí)曝氣法 extended aeration process 延時(shí)曝氣 extended aeration 氧化溝 oxidation ditch 水平轉(zhuǎn)刷 horizontal rotor 轉(zhuǎn)刷曝氣 rotor aeration籠型轉(zhuǎn)刷 caged rotor 吸附生物降解工藝 (AB法) adsorption-biodegradation process 序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、 序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequential batch reac

51、tor (SBR) process SBR法 SBR process 序批式反應(yīng)器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 序批式反應(yīng)器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor 初沉 primary clarification 曝氣 n. aeration 二沉 secondary clarification 初沉池 primary clarifier 二沉池 secondary clarifier 泵送系統(tǒng) pumping system 活性污泥法 activated sludge process 變體 n. variant SBR運(yùn)行周期