lecture 6 長句的翻譯

1、第六章第六章 長句的翻譯長句的翻譯 o 英語中后置定語、各種短語和復(fù)雜包孕結(jié)構(gòu)英語中后置定語、各種短語和復(fù)雜包孕結(jié)構(gòu)（complex embedding）較多，往往）較多，往往形成長句結(jié)構(gòu)，一句話可以表達多層意思；形成長句結(jié)構(gòu)，一句話可以表達多層意思；漢語特點是短句多，多層意思往往通過多個漢語特點是短句多，多層意思往往通過多個短句來表達。因此在英譯漢時有必要采用拆短句來表達。因此在英譯漢時有必要采用拆句譯法。句譯法。 使用長句結(jié)構(gòu)是英語科技文章的使用長句結(jié)構(gòu)是英語科技文章的特點之一，掌握長句翻譯技巧對科技翻譯尤特點之一，掌握長句翻譯技巧對科技翻譯尤為重要。為重要。一、長句翻譯的步驟（一、長句翻

2、譯的步驟（process）1.理解理解 （comprehension）o (1) Find out the trunk through condensing the whole sentence.o (2) Be sure of the main and subordinate clauses, modifiers and the elements they modify.o (3) Sort out the arrangement of ideas, judging the train of logical thinking.（二）表達（二）表達 (expression)o (4) Disc

3、riminate the meaning of words.o (5) Arrange the sentence in conformity with Chinese syntax.o (6) Polish words and phrases, having every word carefully weighed in consideration of the style of the original.二、二、 長句翻譯技巧（長句翻譯技巧（techniques）o 1. 包含包含 (embedding)o 將定語前置，保留原有的長句將定語前置，保留原有的長句“復(fù)雜復(fù)雜”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)。漢語具有一

4、定的彈性和包容性，所以并非。漢語具有一定的彈性和包容性，所以并非一概不能使用長句。但這種翻譯技巧不宜多一概不能使用長句。但這種翻譯技巧不宜多用。用。1) This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.Winston S Churchill 這不是一場階級之間的戰(zhàn)爭這不是一場階級之間的戰(zhàn)爭,而是一場而是一場不分種族、不分種族、不分信仰、不分黨派

5、、整個大英帝國及英聯(lián)邦全不分信仰、不分黨派、整個大英帝國及英聯(lián)邦全體成員國無不參加的戰(zhàn)爭體成員國無不參加的戰(zhàn)爭。o 丘吉爾丘吉爾2. 切分法切分法 （cutting）通過化整為零，將長句譯成幾個獨立的短句，通過化整為零，將長句譯成幾個獨立的短句，但要注意保持語義的連貫。但要注意保持語義的連貫。1) The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which

6、are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc. 一個結(jié)構(gòu)物承受的荷載分為靜載與活載兩類。靜一個結(jié)構(gòu)物承受的荷載分為靜載與活載兩類。靜載包括該結(jié)構(gòu)物本部分的重量?；钶d則是由于載包括該結(jié)構(gòu)物本部分的重量?；钶d則是由于人及可移動設(shè)備等的重量而引起的荷載。人及可移動設(shè)備等的重量而引起的荷載。o 2) In any case, when jeans were ready for a risorgimento in the 1960s, they already carried an enormous mythic significanc

7、e. To a generation that believed a massive military-industrial complex was brutalizing the American dream, jean symbolized a return to the friendlier, simpler values of the frontier, where each man had control over his own life, and where people cooperated to surviveo 總之，當牛仔褲在六十年代將成為勢不可擋總之，當牛仔褲在六十年代

8、將成為勢不可擋的風(fēng)尚之時，具有一種神話般的巨大意義。的風(fēng)尚之時，具有一種神話般的巨大意義。在六十年代的青年看來，軍工聯(lián)合企業(yè)的興在六十年代的青年看來，軍工聯(lián)合企業(yè)的興盛，摧毀了美國的夢想，而牛仔褲則是回到盛，摧毀了美國的夢想，而牛仔褲則是回到西部開拓時期那種淳樸友善的價值觀念的象西部開拓時期那種淳樸友善的價值觀念的象征；那時，人人都能主宰自己的命運，并為征；那時，人人都能主宰自己的命運，并為生存而風(fēng)雨同舟生存而風(fēng)雨同舟3. 變序法（變序法（reversing) o 譯者可以打亂原句的語序，兼顧原文的邏輯譯者可以打亂原句的語序，兼顧原文的邏輯和漢語的表達習(xí)慣，層層展開，突出重點。和漢語的表達習(xí)慣

9、，層層展開，突出重點。1）The reason that a neutral body is attracted by a charged body is that, although the neutral body is neutral within itself, it is not neutral with respect to the charged body, and the two bodies act as if oppositely charged when brought near each other. 雖然中性物體本身是不帶電的，但對于帶電體來說，它雖然中性物體本身是不

10、帶電的，但對于帶電體來說，它并非中性；當這兩個物體彼此接近時，就會產(chǎn)生極并非中性；當這兩個物體彼此接近時，就會產(chǎn)生極性相反的電荷的作用。這就是中性物體被帶電體吸性相反的電荷的作用。這就是中性物體被帶電體吸引的原因。引的原因。o 2) I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till ano

11、ther boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound.o 我要去見一個素不相識的陌生人，向他宣布我得我要去見一個素不相識的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家，吃他的，喝他的，一直等到下一班船住在他家，吃他的，喝他的，一直等到下一班船到來把我?guī)У轿乙サ母劭跒橹?，一想到這兒，到來把我?guī)У轿乙サ母劭跒橹?，一想到這兒，我真有點不好意思了。我真有點不好意思了。o 3) Such is the human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to s

12、acrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.o 許多人常常寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成許多人常常寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領(lǐng)工人的社會地位，這在西方倒是人之為白領(lǐng)工人的社會地位，這在西方倒是人之常情。常情。o 4)They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle power jobs that previous generati

13、ons used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.o 對于以往的幾代人來說對于以往的幾代人來說, 舊式的體力勞動是一舊式的體力勞動是一種用以擺脫貧困的手段種用以擺脫貧困的手段,而技術(shù)的進步則摧毀了而技術(shù)的進步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動。因此，首先體驗到窮人賴以為生的體力勞動。因此，首先體驗到技術(shù)進步之害的是窮人。技術(shù)進步之害的是窮人。o 5) The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite realizable, its realization bei

14、ng supported with all the achievements of contemporary science, which have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed, but new technological processes as well. o 當代科學(xué)的一切成就不僅提供了能夠承受高當代科學(xué)的一切成就不僅提供了能夠承受高溫高壓的材料，而且也提供了新的工藝流程溫高壓的材

15、料，而且也提供了新的工藝流程。依靠這些成就，我們相信完全可以制造出。依靠這些成就，我們相信完全可以制造出這樣的衛(wèi)星。這樣的衛(wèi)星。o 6) The great difficulty of introducing radically new computer architectures which requires customers to rewrite most of their software excluded the possibility for these techniques to find their way to the commercial marketplace.o 全新的

16、計算機體系結(jié)構(gòu)要求用戶改寫其大部分軟件全新的計算機體系結(jié)構(gòu)要求用戶改寫其大部分軟件，因此難以付諸實施，從而使得這些技術(shù)不可能進，因此難以付諸實施，從而使得這些技術(shù)不可能進入商品市場（從而排除了這些技術(shù)進入商品市場的入商品市場（從而排除了這些技術(shù)進入商品市場的可能性）。可能性）。英譯漢練習(xí)英譯漢練習(xí)o 1)This election which has led to your being chosen to preside over this assembly a very wise choice indeedis a tribute to your great country, which h

17、as contributed to the development of the history of free nations a tradition of peace that serves as an example for the legal community that we constitute, a country which has always commanded respect and admiration from all corners of the world.這次選舉你為本屆大會的主席，實為極為明這次選舉你為本屆大會的主席，實為極為明智的抉擇，是對你的偉大國家的敬意

18、。貴國智的抉擇，是對你的偉大國家的敬意。貴國對自由國家的歷史發(fā)展貢獻了一種和平對自由國家的歷史發(fā)展貢獻了一種和平傳統(tǒng)，為我們構(gòu)建法治社會樹立了榜樣。全傳統(tǒng)，為我們構(gòu)建法治社會樹立了榜樣。全世界一貫對貴國表示尊重和和敬佩。世界一貫對貴國表示尊重和和敬佩。討論：討論：a. 你你您；您；b. 貴國一直深受世界各國的尊重和貴國一直深受世界各國的尊重和敬佩敬佩o 2. If she had lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring whi

19、ch has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and a faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.。o If she had lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of

20、face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago,o 26年前，她那藍眼年前，她那藍眼睛、花兒般的魅力，睛、花兒般的魅力，臉蛋兒和身段的那種臉蛋兒和身段的那種玉潔冰清的秀氣，還玉潔冰清的秀氣，還有那蘋果花似的臉色有那蘋果花似的臉色，曾經(jīng)讓阿修斯特一，曾經(jīng)讓阿修斯特一見傾心。這些雖已成見傾心。這些雖已成了往事，了往事，o she was still at forty-three a comely and a faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness. 然而，然而，43歲的她