初中精講祈使句

1、 啟迪心靈力量，點(diǎn)燃新的希望！全方位輔導(dǎo)教案教師： 學(xué)生： 2013年 月 日 總課時(shí)： 第 次課 教學(xué)課題 祈使句 教學(xué) 目標(biāo)1. 了解祈使句的定義2. 掌握祈使句的用法3. 掌握祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)變化教學(xué)過程目標(biāo)語法精講英語祈使句一定義：用于表達(dá)命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令，因此在學(xué)校文法中也常稱為命令句。 祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z）是第二人稱，所以通常都省略。祈使句的動(dòng)詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，句末則使用句號來表示結(jié)束。例： go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。命令） be quiet, please.（please

2、be quiet.） （請安靜。請求） be kind to our sister. （對姊妹要和善。勸告） watch your steps. （走路小心。警告） look out！danger！ （小心！危險(xiǎn)！強(qiáng)烈警告，已如感嘆句） keep off the grass. （勿踐草坪。禁止） no parking. （禁止停車。禁止） 祈使句也常把主語“you”表達(dá)出來，使對方聽起來覺得柔和些，例如： you go and tell him, chris. （克立斯去告訴他。） 二、相關(guān)口令 祈使句無主語, 主語you常省去; 動(dòng)詞原形謂語當(dāng), 句首加don't否定變; 朗讀應(yīng)當(dāng)用

3、降調(diào), 句末常標(biāo)感嘆號。 三、表現(xiàn)形式 肯定結(jié)構(gòu): 1. do型(即:動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語)+其它成分)。如:please have a seat here. 請這邊坐。 有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動(dòng)詞可省略。如:this way, please. = go this way, please. 請這邊走。 2. be型(即:be + 表語(名詞或形容詞)+其它成分)。如:be a good boy! 要做一個(gè)好孩子! 3. let型(即:let + 賓語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分)。如:let me help you. 讓我來幫你。 否定結(jié)構(gòu): 1. do型和be型的否定式都是在句首加don

4、't構(gòu)成。如:don't forget me! 不要忘記我! don't be late for school! 上學(xué)不要遲到! 2. let型的否定式有兩種:“don't + let + 賓語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分”和“l(fā)et + 賓語 + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分”。如:don't let him go. / let him not go. 別讓他走。 3.有些可用no開頭,用來表示禁止性的祈使句。如:no smoking! 禁止吸煙!no fishing! 禁止釣魚! "let"帶頭的祈使句 由"let

5、"帶頭的祈使句(imperative sentences)是個(gè)常見的動(dòng)詞句型，它的主要用法有下列三種： 1.表示“建議”。 這個(gè)句型里的"let"后頭緊跟著一個(gè)第一人稱的代詞賓語，如： (1) let me try. (2) let's do it. (3) let me go and look for it. 這個(gè)句型語氣委婉，比直接的祈使句客氣。試比較(4)a和(4)b: (4) a. don't disturb him. b. let's not disturb him. (a)是直接命令，語氣強(qiáng)烈，不如(b)溫柔悅耳。 2.表示“間

6、接命令”或“愿望”。 這句型里的動(dòng)詞賓語是第三人稱名詞或代詞，如： (5) let robert take charge of the marketing department. (6) let her join our choir. 3.表示“警告”、“蔑視”、“威脅”等。 這種祈使句里的賓語也是第三人稱為主。除了口氣兇悍之外，有時(shí)還語帶諷刺，如： (7) let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. (8) let the invaders come and our armed forces will wi

7、pe them out in no time. 用"let"的祈使句時(shí)，必須注意下列幾點(diǎn)： 一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果賓語是第三人稱用"don't let."（見例(9)）；如果賓語是第一人稱，則用"let.not" （見例(10)）： (9) don't let this type of things happen again. (10) it's raining now. let's not go out until after the rain. 二、"let

8、"只適用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài) (the passive voice)，如： (11) let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 三、"let"后頭除了是不帶"to"的不定式動(dòng)詞 (the infinitive without"to")之外，還可以是某些適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~，如out, in, down, alone等： (13) let the puppy out.

9、 (14) open the windows and let the fresh air in. (15) the room is too sunny. let the blinds down. (16) let me alone, please. 四、用"let's"時(shí)，把談話者的對象包括在內(nèi)；用"let us"時(shí)，并不包括對方，如： (17) let's try it, shall we? (18) let us do it by ourselves, will you? 從(17)里的"shall we"和(18

10、)里的"will you"，不難知道前者包括聽話人，后者并沒有。祈使句表示請求、命令、建議等等。謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原形。句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆號或者句號，用降調(diào)。 即景活用一、將以下祈使句改為否定式：1. come here early. 2. ask him. 3. please wait for her. 4. read the book carefully. 5. sit under the tree, please. 6. lets go there together. 二、選擇最佳答案填空：1. if you are tired, _ a rest.a. ha

11、ve                             b. havingc. to have                  &#

12、160;      d. had2. _ me go. it is very important for me.a. do let                           b. let doc. doing let     &#

13、160;                 d. to do let3. he is not honest. _ believe him. a. not                        &

14、#160;      b. dontc. to not                           d. not to4. if you want to stay, let me know, _?a. will you     &#

15、160;                   b. shall wec. do you                           d. do we5.

16、 never come late again, _? a. will you                         b. wontc. do you                 

17、;          d. does he6. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train.a. getting                          b. getc. to get 

18、                          d. got7. _ in the street. its dangerous.a. not play                &#

19、160;       b. not to playc. dont play                     d. dont to play8. please _ me some money, will you?a. lend         

20、                      b. lendingc. to lend                         

21、60; d. be lend9. the film is about to begin. please _ seated. a. be                                 b. arec. is     

22、;                             d. being10. _ the boxes. you may use them later. a. keep            &#

23、160;                b. keepingc. to keep                         d. kepti. 用括號內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. its an impo

24、rtant meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any noise! your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, larry.6. _ (look) out! a car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and ju

25、st see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. lets _ (not, say) anything about it.ii. 選擇填空 ( )1 .her doctor said: “_ work so hard” a stop b dont c cant d no ( )2. sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock a is sure b is sure that c will be s

26、ure d be sure ( )3._ when you cross the road. a do care b care c do be careful d to be careful ( )4. _him the secret, will you? a dont tell b not to tell c not telling d no telling ( )5. _ in bed. its bad for your eyes. a not to read b dont read c dont to read d not read ( )6. _ your child. well look after him. a not to worry about b dont worry aboutc not worry for d dont worry with ( )7.they are very tired. why _ have a rest? a not they b do