初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解

1、精品資料歡迎下載20XX 年最新一、考查以that 與 which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1通常只能用that 的情況1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞 a11，few ，little ，much，something ，anything ，nothing ，everything等時(shí)。2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞、 形容詞的最高級(jí)以及被 a11，any，every，each，few ，little ，no，some， the only the very the last 等修飾時(shí)。3）如果先行詞既指人又指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 。【考例】 Withoutfriendship, one can'tbe happy a

2、lthough he is rich enough. As for me, I willnever forget the days _ I spent with my dearest friend. 哈爾濱市 A. thatB. whenC. who答案 A。 解析 在定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞who( 指人 )which( 指物 )that( 指人或物 )。由先行詞 thedays 作 spent 的賓語(yǔ)可判定用that 引導(dǎo)。2通常只用 which 的情況(1)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，用關(guān)系代詞which 指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。(2)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而且先行詞指物時(shí)只能用which ，不用

3、that 。(3)如果句中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，如果兩個(gè)從句都可以用that 引導(dǎo)，那么其中一個(gè)應(yīng)改用 which引導(dǎo)?！究祭?Many young people love the songs _have great lyrics. 成都市 A. whoB. thoseC. which答案 C。解析 考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有which ，who ，where ，that ，故排除 B，who 指人，又排除了 A，先行詞是物，故選C。二、考查以 who ， whom 與 whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(1)如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone，anybody ，everyone ，everyb

4、ody ，someone，somebody ，nobody ， one， ones， those ，all(指人 )等作先行詞，作主語(yǔ)用who ，作賓語(yǔ)用 whom 。 who而不用 which 。(2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，指人作主語(yǔ)用who ，作賓語(yǔ)用 whom ， who。(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中， 作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞只能用whose ，它相當(dāng)于 the+名詞 +of +which whom ；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中還有“代詞數(shù)詞 +of +which whom" 結(jié)構(gòu)?！究祭?The man _ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famou

5、s scientist. 廣東省 A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom答案 A。 解析 本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。先行詞為the man ，指人，排除 which ；連接代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，排除whose 和 whom 。故本題選 who 。-Do you know the man _is running along the street?-Yes. He is our English teacher. 長(zhǎng)沙市 A. whoB. whichC. whom 答案 A。 解析 考查定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句，如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系who ，有時(shí)用that( 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用 who

6、 較多 )。三、考查關(guān)系副詞where 、 when 與 why 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句它們相當(dāng)于 “介詞 +which" ，其中 where=in at +which ；when=at in during +which ；why=for +which 。(1)關(guān)系副詞 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其修飾的名詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。精品資料歡迎下載（ 2）關(guān)系副詞 when 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。(3)關(guān)系副詞 why 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其修飾的名詞必須是表示原因的名詞?！究祭?(

7、2009 ·綿陽(yáng)中考 )Disney is an amusement park you can find a11 the normal attractionsand Disney movies and characters A which BwhereC thatD when答案：B 點(diǎn)撥：此題考查定語(yǔ)從句。 先行詞為 an amusement park 指地點(diǎn)，故關(guān)系詞用 where 。五、對(duì)“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”的考查當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物，用“介詞 +which ”，指人則用“介詞

8、 +whom" ，且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。 介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則： 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法而定?！究祭?Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking? (湖北黃石 )A. whoB. whomC. with whomD. which答案 ：C命題立意 ：本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。試題解析 ：先行詞為the young lady ，被關(guān)系代詞whom 代替在從句中作talk with的賓語(yǔ)，介詞 with 可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選C?！菊Z(yǔ)法回顧】在復(fù)合句中

9、，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞（that,which,who, whom,whose）或關(guān)系副詞(when, where) ，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，起聯(lián)系的作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞、副詞作用先行詞例句that ，who ，whom( 只做賓語(yǔ) )主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)人Do you know the girl who that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在樹(shù)下的女孩是誰(shuí)嗎?精品資料歡迎下載that ，which主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)物、時(shí)間

10、、地點(diǎn)、原因She got a computer which that her parents bought for her 她有一臺(tái)她的父母買(mǎi)給她的電腦。whose定語(yǔ)人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard 他的爸爸是醫(yī)生的男孩學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭唷he classroom whose window is open is mine 窗戶(hù)開(kāi)著的那個(gè)教室是我的教室。when狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing我仍然記得你去北京的那一天。where狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)This

11、is the school where my mother works 這就是我媽媽工作的學(xué)校。why精品資料歡迎下載狀語(yǔ)原因Could you explain the reason why you were late? 你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎?二、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法(關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略)：1that 指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。This is the pen that you are looking for. 這是你要找的那支鋼筆。(賓語(yǔ) )The girl that has long hair is my sister. 留著長(zhǎng)發(fā)的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。（主語(yǔ)）2wh

12、ich 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. 天津產(chǎn)的自行車(chē)銷(xiāo)售很好。（主語(yǔ)）The fish which we bought were not fresh. 我們買(mǎi)的魚(yú)不新鮮。 (賓語(yǔ) )3who, whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 打碎窗戶(hù)的男孩叫Tom. （主語(yǔ)）The person to whom he is talking is my father. 正在和他談話的那個(gè)人是我父親。(賓語(yǔ) )4whos

13、e 指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。The girl whose bag is new is called Ann. 新書(shū)包的那個(gè)女孩叫 Ann。 (指人 )He lives in a house whose widows open to the south. 他住在窗戶(hù)朝南的那所房子。(指物 )三、只用 which不用 that 的情況：1在介詞后只用which ，不能用 that 。This is the bank in which the robbery happened. 這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。2先行詞本身是that 時(shí)，只能用 which ，不能用 that 。The clock

14、is that which tells the time. 鐘表是用來(lái)報(bào)時(shí)的。四、只用that 不用 which 的情況：1先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只能用that 。This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen.這是我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最美麗的山。2先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)只能用that 。The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps. 我讀的第一本英文小說(shuō)是 39 級(jí)臺(tái)階。3. 先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only,

15、the very, the last等修飾詞時(shí)只能用that 。Here are all the books that I have.這就是我所有的書(shū)。This is the only book that I like. 這是我唯一喜歡的一本書(shū)。4先行詞是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用 that 。Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的東西。5先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“物”

16、的名詞時(shí)，只能用that 。I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能記得我在房間里看到的人和一些圖畫(huà)。6先行詞是the one 時(shí)，只能用that 。This is the one that you want.這就是你想要的。7在以 who 引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句后，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用 that 。 Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？精品資料歡迎下載五、在介詞后只能用whom ，不能用who 。The girl to whom I t

17、alked just now is from America.我剛剛與之談話的那個(gè)女孩是來(lái)自美國(guó)的。六、定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致的問(wèn)題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致(我們要知道，關(guān)系代詞所代指的就是先行詞，這里有一個(gè)等量關(guān)系)。Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom 是眾多來(lái)自美國(guó)的男孩中的一個(gè)。Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom 是惟一從美國(guó)來(lái)的男孩。七、定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞與副詞的問(wèn)題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果定語(yǔ)從句中的謂

18、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要加介詞或副詞。 (定語(yǔ)從句中的不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定的及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后，不能把介詞或副詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前。 )He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year. 他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€(gè)老人。 That is the book which I am looking for. 那就是我要找的書(shū)。八、關(guān)系副詞 when 與 where 的使用：1when 指時(shí)間：I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)的那段時(shí)光

19、。2where 指地點(diǎn) (where=in 等介詞 which) ：This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year. 這是他去年住的房子。九、定語(yǔ)從句與作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式、 介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換：She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do. 她有許多要做的工作。The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr. Green. 在車(chē)上的人是格林先生。 The g

20、irl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister. 在澆花的女孩是我妹妹。The boy saved in the river has come back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life. 從河里救起的男孩蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)了?！菊Z(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】1. -Do you like the pop singer?-No, I prefer the singer _can sing

21、folk music.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. how2. The man _is wearing a blue jacket is Jim's uncle.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /3Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking?A. whoB. whomC. with whomD. which4 -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?-Yes, he does.A. whichB. whoseC. whereD.

22、 who5The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. whoB. whereC. whatD. that6-Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University.A. whomB. whoC. whoseD. which7I hate people _ talk much but do little.精品資料歡迎下載A. whoseB. whomC. whichD. who8I

23、9;m looking at the photograph _ you sent me with your letter.A. whoB. whomC. which D. it9I hate peopledon t help others when they are in trouble.A whoB whichC they10 -Barbara, where do you work?-I work for a company _sells cars.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who11 Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking?A. whoB. whomC. with whomD. which12 The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. whoB. whereC. whatD. that