高考英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧

1、4.4.大多富有大多富有積極的教育意義積極的教育意義，給人以人生，給人以人生的的啟迪啟迪或是充滿(mǎn)了生活情趣；或是充滿(mǎn)了生活情趣；6考查單詞以實(shí)詞(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)為主，虛詞(conj.,prep.)為輔。實(shí)詞一般占80%-90%，其中又以動(dòng)、名、形為主。7.以考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的整體理解和詞匯的意義把握為主。有些要結(jié)合常識(shí)才能正確選項(xiàng)；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上，正確把握上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，才能正確判斷和選擇。 沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格遵循答題步驟沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格遵循答題步驟: :很多考生一拿到很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認(rèn)真分析完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認(rèn)真分析通篇文章，通篇

2、文章，單純求快單純求快，忽略語(yǔ)篇理解忽略語(yǔ)篇理解，只，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。表看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見(jiàn)樹(shù)不見(jiàn)林見(jiàn)樹(shù)不見(jiàn)林的做法只會(huì)影響解題的質(zhì)量和效率。的做法只會(huì)影響解題的質(zhì)量和效率。為什么我們?cè)谶@一題型上總是失分較多為什么我們?cè)谶@一題型上總是失分較多? ?切記切記: :一定要用一定要用2-32-3分鐘時(shí)間分鐘時(shí)間先進(jìn)行先進(jìn)行缺詞缺詞閱讀閱讀, ,弄清文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再著弄清文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再著手逐個(gè)填空手逐個(gè)填空. .2. 2. 不注意不注意積累積累答題技巧答題技巧: : a.a.忽略文章忽略文章首句首句

3、的提示作用；的提示作用； b.b.忽略文章中忽略文章中上下文之間的照應(yīng)上下文之間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系關(guān)系; ; c.c.遇到長(zhǎng)句不注意遇到長(zhǎng)句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), ,在在語(yǔ)義模糊時(shí)抱碰運(yùn)氣的心理隨意作出語(yǔ)義模糊時(shí)抱碰運(yùn)氣的心理隨意作出選擇選擇. . 3 3. .時(shí)間安排不當(dāng)時(shí)間安排不當(dāng): :在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)上在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)上過(guò)分糾過(guò)分糾纏纏，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做出，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做出的題來(lái)不及做。的題來(lái)不及做。切記切記: :正確的做法是正確的做法是由易到難由易到難，先做會(huì)做，先做會(huì)做 的，再考慮較難的。的，再考慮較難的。強(qiáng)烈推薦強(qiáng)烈推薦：如尚有幾題題目不確定可將某：如尚有幾題題目不確定

4、可將某題的題的可能的兩項(xiàng)填入空格可能的兩項(xiàng)填入空格, , 然后快速地整然后快速地整句整段地默讀句整段地默讀, , 選擇某一項(xiàng)習(xí)慣或短語(yǔ)或選擇某一項(xiàng)習(xí)慣或短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)賓搭配讀起來(lái)較流暢的動(dòng)賓搭配讀起來(lái)較流暢的. .細(xì)讀文章的第一句話細(xì)讀文章的第一句話 高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句完整的。該句往往就是主題句（Topic Topic SentenceSentence），這就為我們理解文章的內(nèi)），這就為我們理解文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個(gè)在聯(lián)系提供了一個(gè)“窗口窗口”，它的句意，它的句意往往為往往為全文提供中心信息全文提供中心信息，能直接概括，能直接

5、概括全文大意、揭示主題。全文大意、揭示主題。 充分重視首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為充分重視首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，據(jù)此展開(kāi)思維，解題找到一個(gè)突破口，據(jù)此展開(kāi)思維，爭(zhēng)取開(kāi)局勝利爭(zhēng)取開(kāi)局勝利。 對(duì)于對(duì)于敘事，描述類(lèi)敘事，描述類(lèi)文章。短文的文章。短文的首句首句，往往點(diǎn)明故事發(fā)生的往往點(diǎn)明故事發(fā)生的人物人物(who),時(shí)間時(shí)間（when），地點(diǎn)），地點(diǎn)(where)，和事件，和事件(what)等背景等背景情況。例：情況。例： It was a busy morning，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the

6、 hospital . 2010全國(guó)卷（全國(guó)卷（I） 對(duì)于對(duì)于論述文，首句表明了論述的論述文，首句表明了論述的主題主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如：。起到揭示主題的作用。例如： A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . . 2010全國(guó)卷（全國(guó)卷（II）解題方法：解題方法：總的原則總的原則: : “先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方針：八字方針：上下求索，瞻前顧后。上下求索，瞻前顧后。三步曲：三步曲：讀讀填填讀讀

7、三步答題三步答題Step1Skip(跳讀跳讀) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence ( (首句首句) ). . It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage. .( (完形填空首句不挖空，幫助進(jìn)入語(yǔ)境）完形填空首句不挖空，幫助進(jìn)入語(yǔ)境）Step2 Reread and choose the best answ

8、er for each blank by using some methods.(在把握語(yǔ)篇大意的基礎(chǔ)上，借助于一些恰當(dāng)在把握語(yǔ)篇大意的基礎(chǔ)上，借助于一些恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案的方法選擇最佳答案)Four methods(四種常用的方法四種常用的方法)：1、context (上下文語(yǔ)境上下文語(yǔ)境)2、word distinctions or collocations (詞語(yǔ)辨析和固定搭配詞語(yǔ)辨析和固定搭配)3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息-原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等反義詞等)4、cultural back

9、ground and common sense (文化背景和常識(shí)文化背景和常識(shí))Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查）（將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查） Tips:1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主謂語(yǔ)在上下文的中是否一致時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主謂語(yǔ)在上下文的中是否一致)2. grammar and collocations (語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣用法的搭配在上下文中

10、是否一致)3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫)4. the meaning of the whole passage (整體上檢查結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)義及邏輯是否一致，上下整體上檢查結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)義及邏輯是否一致，上下文的銜接是否合理文的銜接是否合理)詞匯題詞匯題高考完形填空高考完形填空考什么？考什么？篇章結(jié)構(gòu)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境) 句際關(guān)系句際關(guān)系1.復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯題詞匯題 1.( 2010北京卷北京卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She

11、 wanted to know how I thought She believed I had opinions, so I began to .37. A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intentionopinions語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-原詞重現(xiàn)原詞重現(xiàn)2. (2010陜西卷）陜西卷） I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction

12、to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)3. （2010全國(guó)全國(guó)I) The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him . 36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-固定搭配固定搭配take

13、a 36 3. 3.根據(jù)詞匯的根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義意義及用法辨析詞義 4.(2010江蘇卷江蘇卷) My father 36 me to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced 5.(2010全國(guó)全國(guó)I）The happiest people dont 53(necessarily ) have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything t

14、hey have . 54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-詞義辨析詞義辨析36 me tojust 54 the best of語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-詞義辨析詞義辨析 4. 4.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇6. I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding生活常識(shí)生活常識(shí)1.1.語(yǔ)法手段語(yǔ)法手段

15、2.2.邏輯手段邏輯手段句際關(guān)系句際關(guān)系1.1.語(yǔ)法手段語(yǔ)法手段8.（2010 陜西卷）陜西卷） I then 32（realized ） I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was busking. 33. A. it B. all C. him D. them語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法-指代指代9.（2010天津卷）天津卷） “ As a policeman,I saw 27 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28(impact

16、) on the kids. ” 27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether 語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法-句型句型 邏輯手段邏輯手段2.2.邏輯手段邏輯手段讓步關(guān)系讓步關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系 10.（2010江蘇卷江蘇卷) Then she looked at my father and replied,“You are 40(wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（釋放的

17、途徑）（釋放的途徑）for his enthusiasm.” 41. A.but B.so C.and D.or語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、搭配轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、搭配 the smartest 11.（2010湖南卷湖南卷) Bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . 38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-同類(lèi)并列關(guān)系同類(lèi)并列關(guān)系 12.（2010安徽卷安徽卷) First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing po

18、int of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系小結(jié)：完型填空考查內(nèi)容小結(jié)：完型填空考查內(nèi)容 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同義同義.近義復(fù)近義復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 指指 代代 句句 型型 并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 讓步關(guān)讓步關(guān)系系 解釋關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目 順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系詞匯手段詞匯手段語(yǔ)法手段語(yǔ)法手段邏輯手段邏輯手段語(yǔ)篇信息語(yǔ)篇信息（語(yǔ)境理解）（語(yǔ)境理解）Problem solv

19、ing strategies注意注意上下文語(yǔ)境上下文語(yǔ)境（context)了解常識(shí)背景了解常識(shí)背景（common sense）掌握習(xí)慣搭配掌握習(xí)慣搭配（phrases & idioms）運(yùn)用詞義辨析運(yùn)用詞義辨析 （comparison）運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法分析運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法分析（grammar analysis)運(yùn)用邏輯分析運(yùn)用邏輯分析 (logical analysis )運(yùn)用排除法運(yùn)用排除法 （exclusive method ）解題過(guò)程中應(yīng)做到解題過(guò)程中應(yīng)做到實(shí)實(shí) 戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn) 演演 練練 Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarre

20、l. 細(xì)讀首句，找出相關(guān)信息細(xì)讀首句，找出相關(guān)信息1.敘事文敘事文 故事發(fā)生的故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間，人物、時(shí)間，人物、事件等背景事件等背景情況。情況。Key to the cloze test 41-45: DCCDB 36-40: DACBA46-50: ACBAD51-55: DDCBA Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel. Green said, Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and hope. I was chosen for g

21、rass, trees and leaves. Without me, all animals would 36 . Blue interrupted, You only think about the 37 , but consider the sky and the sea. 38 the water that is the basis of life and drawn up by the clouds from the deep seaWithout my peace, you would all be 39 . Yellow chuckled （笑道）（笑道）, You are al

22、l so serious. I bring laughter, fun, and _40_ into the world 36.A.stay B.leave C.go out D.die 37. A.earth B.moon C.star D.sun 38A.That is B.I am C.It is D.This is 39A.anything B.nothing C.something D.Everything40A.warmth B.sadness C.depression D.anxiety語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-詞義詞義語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折.對(duì)比對(duì)比.排除排除語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法-強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-詞義詞

23、義語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-同類(lèi)并列同類(lèi)并列 Orange started next to blow her trumpet, I am the color of health and strength. I may be 41 , but I am precious for I serve the needs of human life. When I fill the sky 42 , my beauty is so striking that no one gives another 43 to any of you.” Red could stand it 44 and he shouted out,

24、 I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am willing to 45 truth. I am also the color of passion and of love.41.A.usual B.normal C.common D.scarce42A.at midnight B.at noon or at night C.at sunrise or sunset D.during the day 43A.gift B.honor C.thought D.respect 44A.for

25、 more B.any more C.very much D.no longer45A.turn to B.fight for C.help with D.bend over語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-常識(shí)常識(shí)語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-搭配搭配語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-搭配搭配語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境-詞義詞義gives another43 tocould stand it 44 Then came Purple and Indigo （深藍(lán)）（深藍(lán)）. The colors went on boasting, each convinced of his or her own _46_. Their quarreling becam

26、e louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightening thunder. Rain started to pour down _47_. The colors crouched(蜷縮蜷縮) down _48_, drawing close to one another for comfort. In the midst of the clamor （叫（叫嚷）嚷）, rain began to speak, “You foolish colors, fighting 49 yourselves, each trying to dominate（支配）（支配） 50 . 46A.superiority B.disadvantages C.inferiority D.weakness 47.A.gently B.quietly C.violently D.pea